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Ecology and Ecosystems
  • 1. Ecology and Ecosystems play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nature and sustaining life on Earth. Ecology is the study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment, while ecosystems refer to the complex web of relationships between living organisms and their physical surroundings. Through ecosystem services such as providing clean air, water, food, and resources, ecosystems support biodiversity and contribute to human well-being. It is important to understand and protect these intricate systems to ensure a sustainable future for all living beings on our planet.

    What is the study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment called?
A) Physics
B) Biology
C) Ecology
D) Chemistry
  • 2. Which of the following is not a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
A) Plants
B) Animals
C) Fungi
D) Sunlight
  • 3. Which biome is characterized by cold temperatures, permafrost, and very little vegetation?
A) Tundra
B) Grassland
C) Rainforest
D) Desert
  • 4. What is the process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen?
A) Fermentation
B) Transpiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Respiration
  • 5. What type of organism feeds on dead plant and animal material and helps break it down in an ecosystem?
A) Producer
B) Consumer
C) Predator
D) Decomposer
  • 6. Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
A) Trees
B) Temperature
C) Birds
D) Bacteria
  • 7. What is the term for the variety of different species living in a specific area?
A) Extinction
B) Biodiversity
C) Habitat
D) Stewardship
  • 8. What is the process by which water evaporates from plant leaves called?
A) Transpiration
B) Infiltration
C) Condensation
D) Precipitation
  • 9. Which type of symbiotic relationship benefits one organism while harming the other?
A) Commensalism
B) Mutualism
C) Competition
D) Parasitism
  • 10. What term describes the role an organism plays in its ecosystem, including what it eats and what eats it?
A) Habitat
B) Niche
C) Population
D) Community
  • 11. Which biome is characterized by hot temperatures, high humidity, and lush vegetation?
A) Rainforest
B) Grassland
C) Desert
D) Tundra
  • 12. What is the process of breaking down food to release energy called?
A) Respiration
B) Digestion
C) Photosynthesis
D) Fermentation
  • 13. What is the term for the maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely?
A) Carrying capacity
B) Growth rate
C) Population density
D) Limiting factor
  • 14. What type of relationship benefits both organisms involved?
A) Commensalism
B) Predation
C) Mutualism
D) Parasitism
  • 15. What is the term for the natural place where an organism lives and grows?
A) Niche
B) Biome
C) Habitat
D) Ecosystem
  • 16. Which of the following is a terrestrial ecosystem?
A) Open ocean
B) Estuary
C) Coral reef
D) Grassland
  • 17. What is ecology?
A) The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
B) The study of economics in society.
C) The study of space and stars.
D) The study of rocks and minerals.
  • 18. What is an ecosystem?
A) A community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment.
B) A laboratory setting for scientific experiments.
C) A type of weather pattern.
D) A single organism living in isolation.
  • 19. Which of the following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
A) Rain
B) Water
C) Sunlight
D) Grass
  • 20. What is biodiversity?
A) The variety of life forms in an ecosystem.
B) The total number of animals in an ecosystem.
C) The study of individual species.
D) The process of natural selection.
  • 21. What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas into a form that plants can use?
A) Decomposition
B) Nitrogen fixation
C) Bioremediation
D) Photosynthesis
  • 22. What is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
A) The ability of a species to adapt to changing environments.
B) The maximum population size of a species that an ecosystem can support.
C) The process of natural selection.
D) The total energy flow within an ecosystem.
  • 23. What is mutualism in ecology?
A) One organism benefits and the other is harmed.
B) One organism benefits at the expense of the other.
C) Both organisms are unaffected by the relationship.
D) A relationship where both organisms benefit.
  • 24. What is biomagnification?
A) The rapid growth of an individual organism.
B) The accumulation of toxins in higher trophic levels of a food chain.
C) The decrease in biodiversity within an ecosystem.
D) The process of photosynthesis in plants.
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