- 1. Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms. It seeks to understand the composition, structure, function, and interactions of biological molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. By studying these molecules and their reactions, biochemists uncover the fundamental mechanisms underlying life processes, ranging from metabolism and energy production to genetic expression and cellular signaling. This in-depth understanding of biochemical principles not only advances our knowledge of how living organisms work but also serves as the foundation for numerous fields including medicine, biotechnology, pharmacology, and agriculture.
What is the building block of proteins?
A) Amino acids
B) Glucose
C) Glycerol
D) Nucleotides
- 2. Which molecule is considered the energy currency of the cell?
A) Lipids
B) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
C) Glucose
D) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- 3. What process produces ATP in the presence of oxygen?
A) Glycolysis
B) Fermentation
C) Photosynthesis
D) Oxidative phosphorylation
- 4. Which of the following is a lipid-soluble vitamin?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin B12
D) Vitamin D
- 5. What type of bond joins nucleotides in a DNA molecule?
A) Phosphodiester bond
B) Glycosidic bond
C) Peptide bond
D) Hydrogen bond
- 6. Which enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of starch into maltose?
A) Amylase
B) Lipase
C) Protease
D) Nuclease
- 7. What is the primary function of hemoglobin in the body?
A) Regulate body temperature
B) Transport oxygen
C) Regulate blood sugar levels
D) Produce bile
- 8. Which of the following is a purine base found in DNA?
A) Uracil
B) Thymine
C) Guanine
D) Adenine
- 9. What is the storage form of carbohydrates in animals?
A) Cellulose
B) Starch
C) Glycogen
D) Chitin
- 10. What type of bond forms between two cysteine residues in a protein?
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Disulfide bond
- 11. Which biomolecule serves as the primary structural component of cell membranes?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Phospholipids
C) Steroids
D) Proteins
- 12. What is the process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template?
A) Replication
B) Translation
C) Transcription
D) Hybridization
- 13. Which molecule serves as the universal energy carrier in cells?
A) NADH
B) GTP
C) FADH2
D) ATP
- 14. What type of RNA molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
A) Messenger RNA (mRNA)
B) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
C) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
D) MicroRNA (miRNA)
- 15. Which of the following is a function of lipids in the body?
A) Insulation and energy storage
B) Oxygen transport
C) DNA replication
D) Protein synthesis
- 16. What is the name for the complex of proteins in which DNA is packaged in eukaryotic cells?
A) Chromatin
B) Ribosome
C) Nucleosome
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
- 17. Which of the following is a macromolecule composed of amino acids?
A) Lipid
B) Nucleic Acid
C) Carbohydrate
D) Protein
- 18. Which of the following is NOT a nucleotide base found in DNA?
A) Adenine
B) Cytosine
C) Uracil
D) Thymine
- 19. What is the basic structural unit of a nucleic acid?
A) Monosaccharide
B) Fatty Acid
C) Amino Acid
D) Nucleotide
- 20. What is the process called when a protein loses its function due to changes in temperature or pH?
A) Denaturation
B) Replication
C) Mutation
D) Transcription
- 21. What is the end product of glycolysis?
A) ATP
B) Glucose
C) Lactic Acid
D) Pyruvate
- 22. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose?
A) Protease
B) Amylase
C) Lipase
D) Lactase
- 23. What is the function of a coenzyme in enzymatic reactions?
A) Initiate the reaction
B) Carry chemical groups between enzymes
C) Structural component of the enzyme
D) Regulate enzyme activity
- 24. Which of the following is an example of a secondary structure of proteins?
A) Beta sheet
B) Quaternary structure
C) Alpha helix
D) Tertiary structure
- 25. Which of the following elements is commonly found in proteins but not in carbohydrates or lipids?
A) Nitrogen
B) Hydrogen
C) Carbon
D) Oxygen
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