Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
  • 1. Biotechnology is a field of science that involves the use of living organisms or their products to modify and improve products, processes, or organisms. Genetic engineering is a specific type of biotechnology that involves manipulating the genetic material of an organism to create desired traits or outcomes. These technologies have vast implications across various industries, including agriculture, medicine, and environmental science. Biotechnology and genetic engineering have the potential to revolutionize healthcare by enabling the development of personalized medicine, genetically modified organisms for increased crop yields, and the production of biofuels to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, with such advancements come ethical considerations surrounding issues like genetic modification, privacy concerns, and access to these technologies. As research and development in biotechnology and genetic engineering continue to advance, it is crucial for society to have informed discussions on the benefits and risks associated with these technologies.

    What is the function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
A) It cuts DNA at specific sequences.
B) It copies DNA strands.
C) It adds new genetic material to DNA.
D) It mutates genes.
  • 2. What is the purpose of gene cloning?
A) To create a completely new gene.
B) To produce multiple copies of a gene.
C) To study the entire genome of an organism.
D) To remove genes from an organism.
  • 3. What is CRISPR-Cas9 used for in biotechnology?
A) To study proteins in cells.
B) To edit genes with precision.
C) To create hybrid organisms.
D) To clone entire organisms.
  • 4. What is a GMO?
A) A gene mapping organization.
B) A genetically modified organism.
C) A grand method of optimization.
D) A protein found in organisms.
  • 5. What is the role of plasmids in genetic engineering?
A) They are used as vectors to transfer desired genes into host organisms.
B) They are enzymes used to cut DNA.
C) They are proteins that regulate gene expression.
D) They are tools to measure DNA length.
  • 6. What is the main purpose of genetic engineering in agriculture?
A) To increase the cost of food production.
B) To reduce the genetic diversity of crops.
C) To produce crops with desirable traits such as pest resistance or higher yield.
D) To eliminate the need for fertilizers.
  • 7. What is a gene drive technology?
A) A technique to clone entire organisms.
B) A method to delete genes from an organism.
C) A process to analyze the entire genome of a species.
D) A tool to deliberately spread a specific gene through a population.
  • 8. What is vaccine development in biotechnology?
A) Studying the history of vaccines.
B) Manufacturing traditional medicines.
C) Testing antibiotics on viruses.
D) Using genetic engineering to create vaccines against diseases.
  • 9. Which technique is used to amplify a piece of DNA in vitro?
A) CRISPR-Cas9
B) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
C) Gel electrophoresis
D) Transformation
  • 10. What is a knock-in in genetic engineering?
A) A natural gene mutation.
B) The removal of genes from an organism.
C) The insertion of a specific gene into a specific location in the genome.
D) The transfer of an entire chromosome into a cell.
  • 11. What is an example of gene editing technology?
A) RNA interference.
B) Plasmid transformation.
C) CRISPR-Cas9.
D) Gene cloning.
  • 12. Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on size?
A) CRISPR-Cas9
B) Southern blotting
C) RNA interference
D) Gel electrophoresis
  • 13. What is the technique used to introduce new genes into plant cells?
A) RNA splicing
B) Yeast two-hybrid system
C) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
D) Western blotting
  • 14. What is the potential risk associated with modifying genes in humans?
A) Immediate and predictable benefits.
B) Unintended genetic mutations and long-term health effects.
C) Improved overall health and well-being.
D) No change in genetic diversity within a population.
  • 15. What is a gene edit in genetic engineering?
A) Deleting an entire chromosome.
B) Copying a gene from one species to another.
C) Changing a specific sequence of DNA within a gene.
D) Inserting a whole gene into an organism.
  • 16. How does genetic engineering benefit the agricultural industry?
A) By increasing the use of chemical pesticides.
B) By reducing the variety of crop species.
C) By developing crops with improved yields and resistance to pests.
D) By promoting the use of natural fertilizers only.
  • 17. How does genetic engineering contribute to medical advancements?
A) By increasing resistance to antibiotics in humans.
B) By creating new diseases for research purposes.
C) By enabling the production of human proteins like insulin for therapy.
D) By replacing traditional medicines with genetically modified ones.
  • 18. What is the process of cutting DNA at specific sites called?
A) Translation
B) PCR amplification
C) Transcription
D) Restriction digestion
  • 19. In gene editing, what is CRISPR short for?
A) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
B) Coding Region for Identifying Specific Proteins
C) Catalytic RNA for Inducing Specific Proteins
D) Cellular Replication and Inheritance System
  • 20. What is gene expression in biotechnology?
A) The study of gene inheritance patterns.
B) The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
C) The manipulation of genes in a lab setting.
D) The sequencing of an entire genome.
  • 21. What is the role of bioinformatics in genetic engineering?
A) To physically manipulate DNA in a lab.
B) To study biochemistry in organisms.
C) To analyze and interpret biological data using computational tools.
D) To create artificial organisms.
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