Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
  • 1. Biotechnology is a field of science that involves the use of living organisms or their products to modify and improve products, processes, or organisms. Genetic engineering is a specific type of biotechnology that involves manipulating the genetic material of an organism to create desired traits or outcomes. These technologies have vast implications across various industries, including agriculture, medicine, and environmental science. Biotechnology and genetic engineering have the potential to revolutionize healthcare by enabling the development of personalized medicine, genetically modified organisms for increased crop yields, and the production of biofuels to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, with such advancements come ethical considerations surrounding issues like genetic modification, privacy concerns, and access to these technologies. As research and development in biotechnology and genetic engineering continue to advance, it is crucial for society to have informed discussions on the benefits and risks associated with these technologies.

    What is the function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
A) It adds new genetic material to DNA.
B) It copies DNA strands.
C) It cuts DNA at specific sequences.
D) It mutates genes.
  • 2. What is the purpose of gene cloning?
A) To create a completely new gene.
B) To remove genes from an organism.
C) To produce multiple copies of a gene.
D) To study the entire genome of an organism.
  • 3. What is CRISPR-Cas9 used for in biotechnology?
A) To edit genes with precision.
B) To clone entire organisms.
C) To create hybrid organisms.
D) To study proteins in cells.
  • 4. What is a GMO?
A) A gene mapping organization.
B) A genetically modified organism.
C) A protein found in organisms.
D) A grand method of optimization.
  • 5. What is the role of plasmids in genetic engineering?
A) They are enzymes used to cut DNA.
B) They are used as vectors to transfer desired genes into host organisms.
C) They are tools to measure DNA length.
D) They are proteins that regulate gene expression.
  • 6. What is the main purpose of genetic engineering in agriculture?
A) To increase the cost of food production.
B) To reduce the genetic diversity of crops.
C) To produce crops with desirable traits such as pest resistance or higher yield.
D) To eliminate the need for fertilizers.
  • 7. What is a gene drive technology?
A) A method to delete genes from an organism.
B) A tool to deliberately spread a specific gene through a population.
C) A process to analyze the entire genome of a species.
D) A technique to clone entire organisms.
  • 8. What is vaccine development in biotechnology?
A) Testing antibiotics on viruses.
B) Using genetic engineering to create vaccines against diseases.
C) Studying the history of vaccines.
D) Manufacturing traditional medicines.
  • 9. Which technique is used to amplify a piece of DNA in vitro?
A) Transformation
B) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
C) Gel electrophoresis
D) CRISPR-Cas9
  • 10. What is a knock-in in genetic engineering?
A) The transfer of an entire chromosome into a cell.
B) The removal of genes from an organism.
C) A natural gene mutation.
D) The insertion of a specific gene into a specific location in the genome.
  • 11. What is an example of gene editing technology?
A) Gene cloning.
B) Plasmid transformation.
C) CRISPR-Cas9.
D) RNA interference.
  • 12. Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on size?
A) Gel electrophoresis
B) RNA interference
C) Southern blotting
D) CRISPR-Cas9
  • 13. What is the technique used to introduce new genes into plant cells?
A) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
B) Western blotting
C) Yeast two-hybrid system
D) RNA splicing
  • 14. What is the potential risk associated with modifying genes in humans?
A) No change in genetic diversity within a population.
B) Improved overall health and well-being.
C) Unintended genetic mutations and long-term health effects.
D) Immediate and predictable benefits.
  • 15. What is a gene edit in genetic engineering?
A) Copying a gene from one species to another.
B) Inserting a whole gene into an organism.
C) Deleting an entire chromosome.
D) Changing a specific sequence of DNA within a gene.
  • 16. How does genetic engineering benefit the agricultural industry?
A) By promoting the use of natural fertilizers only.
B) By developing crops with improved yields and resistance to pests.
C) By increasing the use of chemical pesticides.
D) By reducing the variety of crop species.
  • 17. How does genetic engineering contribute to medical advancements?
A) By creating new diseases for research purposes.
B) By increasing resistance to antibiotics in humans.
C) By enabling the production of human proteins like insulin for therapy.
D) By replacing traditional medicines with genetically modified ones.
  • 18. What is the process of cutting DNA at specific sites called?
A) Restriction digestion
B) Translation
C) Transcription
D) PCR amplification
  • 19. In gene editing, what is CRISPR short for?
A) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
B) Coding Region for Identifying Specific Proteins
C) Catalytic RNA for Inducing Specific Proteins
D) Cellular Replication and Inheritance System
  • 20. What is gene expression in biotechnology?
A) The sequencing of an entire genome.
B) The manipulation of genes in a lab setting.
C) The study of gene inheritance patterns.
D) The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
  • 21. What is the role of bioinformatics in genetic engineering?
A) To study biochemistry in organisms.
B) To physically manipulate DNA in a lab.
C) To create artificial organisms.
D) To analyze and interpret biological data using computational tools.
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