PES JS 3 Nigerian History Exam Term 1 2025-2026
  • 1. What is indirect rule?
A) ‎ Indirect rule refers to a system of colonial administration where the colonial power exercises control over a territory through local leaders or traditional institutions, rather than directly governing the territory itself.
B) Indirect rule is a system where local leaders have complete autonomy and independence
C) Indirect rule refers to the abolition of traditional institutions in favor of colonial administration
D) Indirect rule means that the colonial power directly governs a territory with no local involvement
  • 2. Which of these is a key feature of indirect rule.
A) Use of local leaders*: Indirect rule involves governing through traditional leaders or local institutions, rather than direct colonial administration.
B) Abolition of traditional institutions*: Indirect rule involves eliminating local leaders and institutions
C) Direct administration*: Indirect rule involves direct governance by colonial officials with no local involvement
D) Complete autonomy*: Local leaders have total independence and are not accountable to colonial authorities
  • 3. Pick one of these as the correct reasons for Indirect rule.
A) To eradicate traditional institutions*: Indirect rule aimed to completely eliminate local leaders and institutions
B) To promote Nigerian independence*: The British implemented indirect rule to quickly grant Nigeria independence
C) To impose direct British culture*: Indirect rule was used to aggressively impose British culture on Nigerian societies
D) Administrative convenience*: It was cheaper and more efficient to govern through existing local structures rather than establishing a new administrative system.
  • 4. Pick another reason for Indirect rule.
A) To abolish local governance*: Indirect rule aimed to completely dismantle existing local governance structures
B) To spark widespread resistance*: The British used indirect rule to provoke opposition and unrest
C) Limited resources*: The British had limited personnel and resources, making indirect rule a practical solution.
D) ‎To increase colonial expenditure*: Indirect rule was used to intentionally increase costs and administrative burden
  • 5. Pick the correct impact of indirect rule.
A) Abolition of traditional institutions*: Indirect rule resulted in the elimination of traditional leaders and institutions
B) *Preservation of traditional institutions*: Indirect rule helped maintain traditional leaders and institutions, which continued to play a role in governance.
C) Immediate Nigerian independence*: Indirect rule led to Nigeria gaining independence from British rule immediately
D) Complete modernization of Nigeria*: Indirect rule led to rapid modernization and development of Nigeria's infrastructure
  • 6. Briefly discuss nationalist movement in Nigeria.
A) The movement was led solely by British officials*: The nationalist movement was driven by British colonial administrators promoting independence
B) ‎The nationalist movement in Nigeria gained momentum in the early 20th century, driven by educated elites like Herbert Macaulay and Nnamdi Azikiwe who advocated for self-governance and independence from British rule.
C) The movement started after independence in 1960*: Nationalist activities began after Nigeria gained independence
D) Nationalists advocated for continued colonial rule*: The movement pushed for Nigeria to remain a British colony indefinitely‎
  • 7. Pick one key feature of the nationalist movement in Nigeria.
A) Demand for self-governance*: The movement pushed for Nigerians to have control over their own governance and affairs.
B) ‎- *Focus on economic isolation*: Nationalists pushed for disconnecting Nigeria from global economy
C) ‎- *Support for colonial rule*: The movement advocated for continued British governance
D) *Promotion of regional divisions*: The movement emphasized separating Nigeria into distinct regions
  • 8. Which Nigerian among these had a role to play in the nationalist movement in Nigeria?
A) Bola Ahmed Tinubu
B) Mike Adenuga
C) General Sani Abacha
D) Nnamdi Azikiwe
  • 9. Pick the second Nigerian that had a role to play in the nationalist movement in Nigeria.
A) Ayo Balogun
B) Sanusi Dantata
C) Herbert Macaulay
D) Lamido Sanusi
  • 10. Which of these is among the challenges faced by the nationalist movement in Nigeria?
A) Ethnic and regional divisions*: The movement struggled with internal divisions and competing interests among Nigeria's diverse ethnic and regional groups, which sometimes hindered unified progress toward independence.
B) Strong economic growth*: Rapid economic growth under colonial rule reduced the need for independence
C) Lack of international support*: The nationalist movement received overwhelming support from international communities
D) Unified colonial administration*: The British colonial administration was fragmented and disorganized
  • 11. Briefly discuss military rule in Nigeria.
A) 1979 transition*: Military rule started when civilian rule began
B) ‎Military rule in Nigeria began with the January 1966 coup led by Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu, followed by a counter-coup in July 1966.
C) Colonial era*: Military rule was established during British colonial administration
D) 1960 independence*: Military rule began immediately after Nigeria gained independence
  • 12. During what time frame did Gen Sani Abacha rule Nigeria?
A) 1999 - 2003
B) 1993 - 1998
C) 2000 - 2010
D) 2010 - 2024
  • 13. During what time frame did Gen Yakubu Gowon rule Nigeria?
A) 1966 - 1975
B) 2015 - 2025
C) 1999 - 2005
D) 2010 - 2015
  • 14. Pick one of the characteristics of military rule.
A) Authoritarianism*: Military rulers often hold absolute power, suppressing opposition and dissent.
B) Decentralized decision-making*: Military regimes often distribute power among various branches
C) Strong emphasis on human rights*: Military rule prioritizes individual freedoms above all else
D) Multi-party democracy*: Military regimes typically hold regular, competitive elections
  • 15. Which among these is a characteristic of military rule?
A) Civilian-led institutions*: Military regimes empower civilian authorities
B) Centralized control*: Power is concentrated in the hands of the military leader, with limited checks and balances.
C) Transparent governance*: Military rule ensures open and accountable decision-making
D) Protection of individual freedoms*: Military regimes prioritize personal liberties
  • 16. Which one of these is a merit of military rule?
A) Rapid decision-making*: Military regimes can implement decisions quickly without bureaucratic hurdles.
B) Promotion of press freedom*: Military rule guarantees media independence and freedom
C) Protection of human rights*: Military regimes prioritize individual freedoms and rights
D) Enhanced democratic participation*: Military rule increases citizen involvement in governance
  • 17. Which among these was a problem of military rule?
A) Strong emphasis on accountability*: Military regimes prioritize checks and balances
B) Improved transparency*: Military regimes are known for open governance
C) Human rights abuses*: Military regimes often suppress opposition and dissent, leading to rights violations.
D) Enhanced democratic participation*: Military rule increases citizen involvement
  • 18. Briefly discuss the end of military rule.
A) ‎The end of military rule typically marks a transition to civilian governance, often involving democratic reforms and elections. This shift aims to restore democratic institutions, ensure accountability, and protect human rights.
B) Introduction of a one-party system*: Military rule evolves into a single-party state
C) Immediate establishment of a monarchy*: Military rule transitions to royal governance
D) Continuation of military governance*: Military regimes remain in power indefinitely
  • 19. What is another term used to describe the Nigerian civil war?
A) Unholy War
B) Biafran War
C) Resistance War
D) Holy War
  • 20. Which among these is the cause of the Nigerian civil war?
A) Drought and famine in northern Nigeria*: Environmental factors caused the civil war
B) Border dispute with Chad*: Conflict over shared borders led to the war
C) Ethnic and regional tensions*: The Igbo people of southeastern Nigeria felt marginalized and persecuted, leading to secessionist sentiments.
D) Religious differences between Christians and Muslims*: Interfaith tensions sparked the conflict‎
  • 21. Another key feature of indirect rule is____________
A) Abolition of traditional institutions
B) Total control by the British crown
C) Direct administration by colonial officials
D) Limited British interference
  • 22. A key feature of indirect rule is ________
A) Taxation system
B) Eradication of cultural practices
C) Centralized governance system
D) Replacement of local leaders
  • 23. Which of these is among the reasons for Indirect rule?
A) Fear of local populations
B) Economic necessity
C) Economic instability in Europe
D) Lack of interest in colonies
  • 24. Another challenge faced by the nationalist movement in Nigeria is __________
A) Lack of international support
B) Colonial legacy
C) Ethnic harmony hindered progress
D) Strong colonial military presence
  • 25. Did the nationalist movement in Nigeria lay the ground for the country’s independence?
A) No
B) I don't know
C) Yes
D) I don't think so
  • 26. Which of these is among one of the major military regimes in Nigeria?
A) Ahmed Makoro (1990-1995)
B) Major General J. T. U Aguiyi Ironsi (1966)
C) Samuel Obong (1985-1988)
D) Johnson Kumasi (1975-1979)
  • 27. Another major military regime in Nigeria was ____________
A) General Yakubu Gowon (1966-1975)
B) David Ejoor (1985-1990)
C) Idi Amin (1976-1980)
D) Sani Kontagora (1965-1970)
  • 28. Identify from the options below which was the correct military regime in Nigeria.
A) General Olusegun Obasanjo (1976-1979)
B) John Mayor (1990-1995)
C) Mike Adenuga (1991-1998)
D) Charles Taylor (1980-1988)
  • 29. One of these is among the military regimes in Nigeria. Which?
A) Chukwuemeka Odumegwu (1965-1970)
B) General Ibrahim Babangida (1985-1995)
C) Adebayo Salami (1980-1985)
D) Aliko Dangote (1980-1994)
  • 30. Another characteristic of military rule is ___________
A) Free and elections
B) Suspension of the constitution
C) Promotion of democratic values
D) Respect for human rights
  • 31. One of these is among the correct characteristics of military rule. Which is it?
A) Decentralization of power
B) Rule by decrees instead of laws
C) Rule of law
D) Independent judiciary
  • 32. Do you personally believe Nigeria will do better under military rule or civilian rule?
A) I don't have an answer
B) Yes. Military rule works better for Nigeria than civilian rule.
C) I don't know
D) No, civilian rule is best for Nigeria
  • 33. Another key factor of the nationalist movement in Nigeria is_________
A) The construction of the Suez canal
B) Colonial exploitation
C) The establishment of trade routes with South America
D) The spread of feudalism in medieval Nigeria
  • 34. One of the key factors of the nationalist movement in Nigeria is __________
A) Educated elites
B) The influence of American movies on the lives of young Nigerians
C) The great mango famine of 1920
D) The discovery of oil in the Niger Delta
  • 35. Which among these is one of the key factors of the nationalist movement in Nigeria?
A) Pan - Africanism
B) Xenophobia
C) The influence of Nigerian cuisine on the British colonial officers
D) Climate change impacts
  • 36. The coup that led to the military taking over in Nigeria was led by who?
A) Major Chukwama Kaduna Nzegwo
B) Abdulsalami Abubakar
C) Wale Adenuga
D) General Sani Abacha
  • 37. Which among these is one of the reasons for military rule?
A) Tribalism and regionalism in politics
B) Availability of resources
C) Control of resources
D) The country's international image
  • 38. Another reason for military rule is __________
A) Weak leadership and political instability
B) To enhance farming all over the country
C) To build a wall around the entire country for protection
D) Enhancing education for national development
  • 39. One of these is a reason for military rule. Which is it?
A) Desire of the military to install order and unity
B) To introduce a new national sport
C) To promote Nigeria's image worldwide
D) To create ministry of women affairs
  • 40. Another characteristic of military rule is __________
A) All disagreements are settled with a wrestling competition
B) A national policy of extreme politeness
C) Weekly parades to show strength
D) Restriction of freedom of speech and the press
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