PES JS 3 Nigerian History Exam Term 1 2025-2026
  • 1. What is indirect rule?
A) Indirect rule is a system where local leaders have complete autonomy and independence
B) Indirect rule means that the colonial power directly governs a territory with no local involvement
C) ‎ Indirect rule refers to a system of colonial administration where the colonial power exercises control over a territory through local leaders or traditional institutions, rather than directly governing the territory itself.
D) Indirect rule refers to the abolition of traditional institutions in favor of colonial administration
  • 2. Which of these is a key feature of indirect rule.
A) Use of local leaders*: Indirect rule involves governing through traditional leaders or local institutions, rather than direct colonial administration.
B) Complete autonomy*: Local leaders have total independence and are not accountable to colonial authorities
C) Abolition of traditional institutions*: Indirect rule involves eliminating local leaders and institutions
D) Direct administration*: Indirect rule involves direct governance by colonial officials with no local involvement
  • 3. Pick one of these as the correct reasons for Indirect rule.
A) To promote Nigerian independence*: The British implemented indirect rule to quickly grant Nigeria independence
B) To eradicate traditional institutions*: Indirect rule aimed to completely eliminate local leaders and institutions
C) To impose direct British culture*: Indirect rule was used to aggressively impose British culture on Nigerian societies
D) Administrative convenience*: It was cheaper and more efficient to govern through existing local structures rather than establishing a new administrative system.
  • 4. Pick another reason for Indirect rule.
A) To abolish local governance*: Indirect rule aimed to completely dismantle existing local governance structures
B) ‎To increase colonial expenditure*: Indirect rule was used to intentionally increase costs and administrative burden
C) To spark widespread resistance*: The British used indirect rule to provoke opposition and unrest
D) Limited resources*: The British had limited personnel and resources, making indirect rule a practical solution.
  • 5. Pick the correct impact of indirect rule.
A) Abolition of traditional institutions*: Indirect rule resulted in the elimination of traditional leaders and institutions
B) Immediate Nigerian independence*: Indirect rule led to Nigeria gaining independence from British rule immediately
C) Complete modernization of Nigeria*: Indirect rule led to rapid modernization and development of Nigeria's infrastructure
D) *Preservation of traditional institutions*: Indirect rule helped maintain traditional leaders and institutions, which continued to play a role in governance.
  • 6. Briefly discuss nationalist movement in Nigeria.
A) The movement was led solely by British officials*: The nationalist movement was driven by British colonial administrators promoting independence
B) ‎The nationalist movement in Nigeria gained momentum in the early 20th century, driven by educated elites like Herbert Macaulay and Nnamdi Azikiwe who advocated for self-governance and independence from British rule.
C) Nationalists advocated for continued colonial rule*: The movement pushed for Nigeria to remain a British colony indefinitely‎
D) The movement started after independence in 1960*: Nationalist activities began after Nigeria gained independence
  • 7. Pick one key feature of the nationalist movement in Nigeria.
A) ‎- *Support for colonial rule*: The movement advocated for continued British governance
B) *Promotion of regional divisions*: The movement emphasized separating Nigeria into distinct regions
C) ‎- *Focus on economic isolation*: Nationalists pushed for disconnecting Nigeria from global economy
D) Demand for self-governance*: The movement pushed for Nigerians to have control over their own governance and affairs.
  • 8. Which Nigerian among these had a role to play in the nationalist movement in Nigeria?
A) Bola Ahmed Tinubu
B) General Sani Abacha
C) Mike Adenuga
D) Nnamdi Azikiwe
  • 9. Pick the second Nigerian that had a role to play in the nationalist movement in Nigeria.
A) Sanusi Dantata
B) Herbert Macaulay
C) Ayo Balogun
D) Lamido Sanusi
  • 10. Which of these is among the challenges faced by the nationalist movement in Nigeria?
A) Ethnic and regional divisions*: The movement struggled with internal divisions and competing interests among Nigeria's diverse ethnic and regional groups, which sometimes hindered unified progress toward independence.
B) Unified colonial administration*: The British colonial administration was fragmented and disorganized
C) Strong economic growth*: Rapid economic growth under colonial rule reduced the need for independence
D) Lack of international support*: The nationalist movement received overwhelming support from international communities
  • 11. Briefly discuss military rule in Nigeria.
A) ‎Military rule in Nigeria began with the January 1966 coup led by Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu, followed by a counter-coup in July 1966.
B) 1979 transition*: Military rule started when civilian rule began
C) Colonial era*: Military rule was established during British colonial administration
D) 1960 independence*: Military rule began immediately after Nigeria gained independence
  • 12. During what time frame did Gen Sani Abacha rule Nigeria?
A) 1999 - 2003
B) 2010 - 2024
C) 1993 - 1998
D) 2000 - 2010
  • 13. During what time frame did Gen Yakubu Gowon rule Nigeria?
A) 2010 - 2015
B) 2015 - 2025
C) 1999 - 2005
D) 1966 - 1975
  • 14. Pick one of the characteristics of military rule.
A) Decentralized decision-making*: Military regimes often distribute power among various branches
B) Authoritarianism*: Military rulers often hold absolute power, suppressing opposition and dissent.
C) Strong emphasis on human rights*: Military rule prioritizes individual freedoms above all else
D) Multi-party democracy*: Military regimes typically hold regular, competitive elections
  • 15. Which among these is a characteristic of military rule?
A) Protection of individual freedoms*: Military regimes prioritize personal liberties
B) Transparent governance*: Military rule ensures open and accountable decision-making
C) Civilian-led institutions*: Military regimes empower civilian authorities
D) Centralized control*: Power is concentrated in the hands of the military leader, with limited checks and balances.
  • 16. Which one of these is a merit of military rule?
A) Rapid decision-making*: Military regimes can implement decisions quickly without bureaucratic hurdles.
B) Protection of human rights*: Military regimes prioritize individual freedoms and rights
C) Enhanced democratic participation*: Military rule increases citizen involvement in governance
D) Promotion of press freedom*: Military rule guarantees media independence and freedom
  • 17. Which among these was a problem of military rule?
A) Enhanced democratic participation*: Military rule increases citizen involvement
B) Strong emphasis on accountability*: Military regimes prioritize checks and balances
C) Improved transparency*: Military regimes are known for open governance
D) Human rights abuses*: Military regimes often suppress opposition and dissent, leading to rights violations.
  • 18. Briefly discuss the end of military rule.
A) Immediate establishment of a monarchy*: Military rule transitions to royal governance
B) ‎The end of military rule typically marks a transition to civilian governance, often involving democratic reforms and elections. This shift aims to restore democratic institutions, ensure accountability, and protect human rights.
C) Introduction of a one-party system*: Military rule evolves into a single-party state
D) Continuation of military governance*: Military regimes remain in power indefinitely
  • 19. What is another term used to describe the Nigerian civil war?
A) Holy War
B) Biafran War
C) Unholy War
D) Resistance War
  • 20. Which among these is the cause of the Nigerian civil war?
A) Ethnic and regional tensions*: The Igbo people of southeastern Nigeria felt marginalized and persecuted, leading to secessionist sentiments.
B) Border dispute with Chad*: Conflict over shared borders led to the war
C) Religious differences between Christians and Muslims*: Interfaith tensions sparked the conflict‎
D) Drought and famine in northern Nigeria*: Environmental factors caused the civil war
  • 21. Another key feature of indirect rule is____________
A) Direct administration by colonial officials
B) Abolition of traditional institutions
C) Limited British interference
D) Total control by the British crown
  • 22. A key feature of indirect rule is ________
A) Eradication of cultural practices
B) Replacement of local leaders
C) Centralized governance system
D) Taxation system
  • 23. Which of these is among the reasons for Indirect rule?
A) Economic instability in Europe
B) Economic necessity
C) Lack of interest in colonies
D) Fear of local populations
  • 24. Another challenge faced by the nationalist movement in Nigeria is __________
A) Lack of international support
B) Ethnic harmony hindered progress
C) Colonial legacy
D) Strong colonial military presence
  • 25. Did the nationalist movement in Nigeria lay the ground for the country’s independence?
A) Yes
B) No
C) I don't think so
D) I don't know
  • 26. Which of these is among one of the major military regimes in Nigeria?
A) Ahmed Makoro (1990-1995)
B) Samuel Obong (1985-1988)
C) Johnson Kumasi (1975-1979)
D) Major General J. T. U Aguiyi Ironsi (1966)
  • 27. Another major military regime in Nigeria was ____________
A) General Yakubu Gowon (1966-1975)
B) Sani Kontagora (1965-1970)
C) David Ejoor (1985-1990)
D) Idi Amin (1976-1980)
  • 28. Identify from the options below which was the correct military regime in Nigeria.
A) Mike Adenuga (1991-1998)
B) John Mayor (1990-1995)
C) Charles Taylor (1980-1988)
D) General Olusegun Obasanjo (1976-1979)
  • 29. One of these is among the military regimes in Nigeria. Which?
A) Chukwuemeka Odumegwu (1965-1970)
B) Aliko Dangote (1980-1994)
C) Adebayo Salami (1980-1985)
D) General Ibrahim Babangida (1985-1995)
  • 30. Another characteristic of military rule is ___________
A) Suspension of the constitution
B) Promotion of democratic values
C) Respect for human rights
D) Free and elections
  • 31. One of these is among the correct characteristics of military rule. Which is it?
A) Decentralization of power
B) Independent judiciary
C) Rule by decrees instead of laws
D) Rule of law
  • 32. Do you personally believe Nigeria will do better under military rule or civilian rule?
A) I don't have an answer
B) No, civilian rule is best for Nigeria
C) I don't know
D) Yes. Military rule works better for Nigeria than civilian rule.
  • 33. Another key factor of the nationalist movement in Nigeria is_________
A) The construction of the Suez canal
B) The spread of feudalism in medieval Nigeria
C) The establishment of trade routes with South America
D) Colonial exploitation
  • 34. One of the key factors of the nationalist movement in Nigeria is __________
A) The influence of American movies on the lives of young Nigerians
B) The discovery of oil in the Niger Delta
C) The great mango famine of 1920
D) Educated elites
  • 35. Which among these is one of the key factors of the nationalist movement in Nigeria?
A) Pan - Africanism
B) Climate change impacts
C) Xenophobia
D) The influence of Nigerian cuisine on the British colonial officers
  • 36. The coup that led to the military taking over in Nigeria was led by who?
A) General Sani Abacha
B) Wale Adenuga
C) Abdulsalami Abubakar
D) Major Chukwama Kaduna Nzegwo
  • 37. Which among these is one of the reasons for military rule?
A) Control of resources
B) Tribalism and regionalism in politics
C) The country's international image
D) Availability of resources
  • 38. Another reason for military rule is __________
A) Enhancing education for national development
B) Weak leadership and political instability
C) To enhance farming all over the country
D) To build a wall around the entire country for protection
  • 39. One of these is a reason for military rule. Which is it?
A) To introduce a new national sport
B) To create ministry of women affairs
C) To promote Nigeria's image worldwide
D) Desire of the military to install order and unity
  • 40. Another characteristic of military rule is __________
A) Weekly parades to show strength
B) All disagreements are settled with a wrestling competition
C) Restriction of freedom of speech and the press
D) A national policy of extreme politeness
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