PES JS 3 Nigerian History Exam Term 1 2025-2026
  • 1. What is indirect rule?
A) Indirect rule means that the colonial power directly governs a territory with no local involvement
B) Indirect rule is a system where local leaders have complete autonomy and independence
C) Indirect rule refers to the abolition of traditional institutions in favor of colonial administration
D) ‎ Indirect rule refers to a system of colonial administration where the colonial power exercises control over a territory through local leaders or traditional institutions, rather than directly governing the territory itself.
  • 2. Which of these is a key feature of indirect rule.
A) Abolition of traditional institutions*: Indirect rule involves eliminating local leaders and institutions
B) Direct administration*: Indirect rule involves direct governance by colonial officials with no local involvement
C) Use of local leaders*: Indirect rule involves governing through traditional leaders or local institutions, rather than direct colonial administration.
D) Complete autonomy*: Local leaders have total independence and are not accountable to colonial authorities
  • 3. Pick one of these as the correct reasons for Indirect rule.
A) To impose direct British culture*: Indirect rule was used to aggressively impose British culture on Nigerian societies
B) To promote Nigerian independence*: The British implemented indirect rule to quickly grant Nigeria independence
C) To eradicate traditional institutions*: Indirect rule aimed to completely eliminate local leaders and institutions
D) Administrative convenience*: It was cheaper and more efficient to govern through existing local structures rather than establishing a new administrative system.
  • 4. Pick another reason for Indirect rule.
A) ‎To increase colonial expenditure*: Indirect rule was used to intentionally increase costs and administrative burden
B) To spark widespread resistance*: The British used indirect rule to provoke opposition and unrest
C) To abolish local governance*: Indirect rule aimed to completely dismantle existing local governance structures
D) Limited resources*: The British had limited personnel and resources, making indirect rule a practical solution.
  • 5. Pick the correct impact of indirect rule.
A) Immediate Nigerian independence*: Indirect rule led to Nigeria gaining independence from British rule immediately
B) Complete modernization of Nigeria*: Indirect rule led to rapid modernization and development of Nigeria's infrastructure
C) Abolition of traditional institutions*: Indirect rule resulted in the elimination of traditional leaders and institutions
D) *Preservation of traditional institutions*: Indirect rule helped maintain traditional leaders and institutions, which continued to play a role in governance.
  • 6. Briefly discuss nationalist movement in Nigeria.
A) The movement was led solely by British officials*: The nationalist movement was driven by British colonial administrators promoting independence
B) Nationalists advocated for continued colonial rule*: The movement pushed for Nigeria to remain a British colony indefinitely‎
C) The movement started after independence in 1960*: Nationalist activities began after Nigeria gained independence
D) ‎The nationalist movement in Nigeria gained momentum in the early 20th century, driven by educated elites like Herbert Macaulay and Nnamdi Azikiwe who advocated for self-governance and independence from British rule.
  • 7. Pick one key feature of the nationalist movement in Nigeria.
A) *Promotion of regional divisions*: The movement emphasized separating Nigeria into distinct regions
B) ‎- *Focus on economic isolation*: Nationalists pushed for disconnecting Nigeria from global economy
C) ‎- *Support for colonial rule*: The movement advocated for continued British governance
D) Demand for self-governance*: The movement pushed for Nigerians to have control over their own governance and affairs.
  • 8. Which Nigerian among these had a role to play in the nationalist movement in Nigeria?
A) Nnamdi Azikiwe
B) General Sani Abacha
C) Bola Ahmed Tinubu
D) Mike Adenuga
  • 9. Pick the second Nigerian that had a role to play in the nationalist movement in Nigeria.
A) Ayo Balogun
B) Sanusi Dantata
C) Herbert Macaulay
D) Lamido Sanusi
  • 10. Which of these is among the challenges faced by the nationalist movement in Nigeria?
A) Strong economic growth*: Rapid economic growth under colonial rule reduced the need for independence
B) Unified colonial administration*: The British colonial administration was fragmented and disorganized
C) Lack of international support*: The nationalist movement received overwhelming support from international communities
D) Ethnic and regional divisions*: The movement struggled with internal divisions and competing interests among Nigeria's diverse ethnic and regional groups, which sometimes hindered unified progress toward independence.
  • 11. Briefly discuss military rule in Nigeria.
A) ‎Military rule in Nigeria began with the January 1966 coup led by Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu, followed by a counter-coup in July 1966.
B) 1960 independence*: Military rule began immediately after Nigeria gained independence
C) 1979 transition*: Military rule started when civilian rule began
D) Colonial era*: Military rule was established during British colonial administration
  • 12. During what time frame did Gen Sani Abacha rule Nigeria?
A) 2010 - 2024
B) 1993 - 1998
C) 2000 - 2010
D) 1999 - 2003
  • 13. During what time frame did Gen Yakubu Gowon rule Nigeria?
A) 2015 - 2025
B) 2010 - 2015
C) 1999 - 2005
D) 1966 - 1975
  • 14. Pick one of the characteristics of military rule.
A) Decentralized decision-making*: Military regimes often distribute power among various branches
B) Multi-party democracy*: Military regimes typically hold regular, competitive elections
C) Strong emphasis on human rights*: Military rule prioritizes individual freedoms above all else
D) Authoritarianism*: Military rulers often hold absolute power, suppressing opposition and dissent.
  • 15. Which among these is a characteristic of military rule?
A) Civilian-led institutions*: Military regimes empower civilian authorities
B) Centralized control*: Power is concentrated in the hands of the military leader, with limited checks and balances.
C) Transparent governance*: Military rule ensures open and accountable decision-making
D) Protection of individual freedoms*: Military regimes prioritize personal liberties
  • 16. Which one of these is a merit of military rule?
A) Rapid decision-making*: Military regimes can implement decisions quickly without bureaucratic hurdles.
B) Enhanced democratic participation*: Military rule increases citizen involvement in governance
C) Protection of human rights*: Military regimes prioritize individual freedoms and rights
D) Promotion of press freedom*: Military rule guarantees media independence and freedom
  • 17. Which among these was a problem of military rule?
A) Improved transparency*: Military regimes are known for open governance
B) Enhanced democratic participation*: Military rule increases citizen involvement
C) Strong emphasis on accountability*: Military regimes prioritize checks and balances
D) Human rights abuses*: Military regimes often suppress opposition and dissent, leading to rights violations.
  • 18. Briefly discuss the end of military rule.
A) Introduction of a one-party system*: Military rule evolves into a single-party state
B) Continuation of military governance*: Military regimes remain in power indefinitely
C) ‎The end of military rule typically marks a transition to civilian governance, often involving democratic reforms and elections. This shift aims to restore democratic institutions, ensure accountability, and protect human rights.
D) Immediate establishment of a monarchy*: Military rule transitions to royal governance
  • 19. What is another term used to describe the Nigerian civil war?
A) Holy War
B) Unholy War
C) Resistance War
D) Biafran War
  • 20. Which among these is the cause of the Nigerian civil war?
A) Border dispute with Chad*: Conflict over shared borders led to the war
B) Ethnic and regional tensions*: The Igbo people of southeastern Nigeria felt marginalized and persecuted, leading to secessionist sentiments.
C) Drought and famine in northern Nigeria*: Environmental factors caused the civil war
D) Religious differences between Christians and Muslims*: Interfaith tensions sparked the conflict‎
  • 21. Another key feature of indirect rule is____________
A) Direct administration by colonial officials
B) Total control by the British crown
C) Abolition of traditional institutions
D) Limited British interference
  • 22. A key feature of indirect rule is ________
A) Eradication of cultural practices
B) Centralized governance system
C) Taxation system
D) Replacement of local leaders
  • 23. Which of these is among the reasons for Indirect rule?
A) Lack of interest in colonies
B) Economic necessity
C) Fear of local populations
D) Economic instability in Europe
  • 24. Another challenge faced by the nationalist movement in Nigeria is __________
A) Ethnic harmony hindered progress
B) Lack of international support
C) Colonial legacy
D) Strong colonial military presence
  • 25. Did the nationalist movement in Nigeria lay the ground for the country’s independence?
A) Yes
B) No
C) I don't know
D) I don't think so
  • 26. Which of these is among one of the major military regimes in Nigeria?
A) Major General J. T. U Aguiyi Ironsi (1966)
B) Samuel Obong (1985-1988)
C) Johnson Kumasi (1975-1979)
D) Ahmed Makoro (1990-1995)
  • 27. Another major military regime in Nigeria was ____________
A) General Yakubu Gowon (1966-1975)
B) David Ejoor (1985-1990)
C) Sani Kontagora (1965-1970)
D) Idi Amin (1976-1980)
  • 28. Identify from the options below which was the correct military regime in Nigeria.
A) Mike Adenuga (1991-1998)
B) Charles Taylor (1980-1988)
C) General Olusegun Obasanjo (1976-1979)
D) John Mayor (1990-1995)
  • 29. One of these is among the military regimes in Nigeria. Which?
A) Adebayo Salami (1980-1985)
B) Aliko Dangote (1980-1994)
C) Chukwuemeka Odumegwu (1965-1970)
D) General Ibrahim Babangida (1985-1995)
  • 30. Another characteristic of military rule is ___________
A) Free and elections
B) Respect for human rights
C) Promotion of democratic values
D) Suspension of the constitution
  • 31. One of these is among the correct characteristics of military rule. Which is it?
A) Independent judiciary
B) Decentralization of power
C) Rule by decrees instead of laws
D) Rule of law
  • 32. Do you personally believe Nigeria will do better under military rule or civilian rule?
A) No, civilian rule is best for Nigeria
B) Yes. Military rule works better for Nigeria than civilian rule.
C) I don't know
D) I don't have an answer
  • 33. Another key factor of the nationalist movement in Nigeria is_________
A) The establishment of trade routes with South America
B) The construction of the Suez canal
C) Colonial exploitation
D) The spread of feudalism in medieval Nigeria
  • 34. One of the key factors of the nationalist movement in Nigeria is __________
A) Educated elites
B) The discovery of oil in the Niger Delta
C) The great mango famine of 1920
D) The influence of American movies on the lives of young Nigerians
  • 35. Which among these is one of the key factors of the nationalist movement in Nigeria?
A) The influence of Nigerian cuisine on the British colonial officers
B) Pan - Africanism
C) Xenophobia
D) Climate change impacts
  • 36. The coup that led to the military taking over in Nigeria was led by who?
A) Abdulsalami Abubakar
B) Major Chukwama Kaduna Nzegwo
C) Wale Adenuga
D) General Sani Abacha
  • 37. Which among these is one of the reasons for military rule?
A) Tribalism and regionalism in politics
B) Control of resources
C) The country's international image
D) Availability of resources
  • 38. Another reason for military rule is __________
A) Enhancing education for national development
B) Weak leadership and political instability
C) To build a wall around the entire country for protection
D) To enhance farming all over the country
  • 39. One of these is a reason for military rule. Which is it?
A) To introduce a new national sport
B) Desire of the military to install order and unity
C) To create ministry of women affairs
D) To promote Nigeria's image worldwide
  • 40. Another characteristic of military rule is __________
A) A national policy of extreme politeness
B) All disagreements are settled with a wrestling competition
C) Restriction of freedom of speech and the press
D) Weekly parades to show strength
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