 - 1. What was the status of solar energy in Russia before 2016?
A) It was the leading energy source
B) It was fully developed nationwide
C) It was banned by the government
D) It was virtually nonexistent
- 2. Where was the first Russian solar plant opened?
A) Belgorod Oblast
B) Moscow Oblast
C) North Caucasus
D) Podolsk
- 3. When was the first Russian solar plant opened?
A) November 2007
B) January 2016
C) November 2010
D) December 2013
- 4. What was Russia's estimated total theoretical potential for solar energy in 2007?
A) 2,213 TWh/yr
B) 101 TWh/yr
C) 150 MW/yr
D) 2.1 GW/yr
- 5. What was the estimated economically feasible amount of solar energy in Russia in 2007?
A) 101 TWh
B) 2,840 GWh
C) 2,213 TWh
D) 150 MW
- 6. Which region of Russia has the greatest potential for solar energy?
A) Siberia
B) Yakutia
C) Podolsk
D) The North Caucasus
- 7. What overall solar capacity did Russia plan in 2010 to set up by 2020?
A) 150 MW
B) 2.1 GW
C) 399 MW
D) 1,500 MW
- 8. Approximately what was the installed solar capacity in Russia by 2023?
A) 12.3 MW
B) 2.1 GW
C) 150 MW
D) 30 MW
- 9. Which companies are building the new solar plant on the Black Sea?
A) Solar Silicon Technologies LLC
B) Rusnano and Renova
C) Rusnano and Nitol Solar
D) Solar Wind LLC and Nitol Solar
- 10. What is the planned capacity of the solar plant on the Black Sea?
A) 399 MW
B) 12.3 MW
C) 150 MW
D) 30 MW
- 11. Which companies are building a plant to produce double-sided solar panels?
A) Renova and Nitol Solar
B) Solar Wind LLC and Rusnano
C) Nitol Solar and Solar Silicon Technologies
D) Rusnano and Renova
- 12. What is the annual manufacturing capacity of the plant producing double-sided solar panels?
A) 30 MW
B) 12.3 MW
C) 130 MW
D) 505 MW
- 13. Which is the largest Russian company in the scientific development and manufacture of products used to generate solar energy?
A) Nitol Solar
B) Solar Wind LLC
C) Renova
D) Solar Silicon Technologies LLC
- 14. Which countries are discussing a joint venture to produce silicon wafers for photovoltaic cells?
A) Russia and the United States
B) Russia and India
C) Russia and Germany
D) Russia and China
- 15. How much solar capacity was awarded in the 2013 auction?
A) 280 MW
B) 505 MW
C) 399 MW
D) 130 MW
- 16. How much solar capacity was awarded in the 2014 auction?
A) 280 MW
B) 505 MW
C) 399 MW
D) 1,500 MW
- 17. How much solar capacity was awarded in the 2015 auction?
A) 399 MW
B) 505 MW
C) 130 MW
D) 280 MW
- 18. What did the Russian Solar Energy Association predict in 2015 regarding cumulative solar power capacity by 2020?
A) Rise to 2.1 GW
B) Rise to 1,500 MW
C) Rise to 4 GW
D) Rise to 101 TWh
- 19. Where was Solar Silicon Technologies LLC based?
A) Moscow
B) Yakutia
C) Podolsk
D) Belgorod
- 20. How many solar plants totaling 130MW in power were built by Solar Silicon Technologies LLC between 2017 and 2019?
A) Two
B) Ten
C) At least four
D) Exactly one
- 21. When was Solar Silicon Technologies LLC founded?
A) 2016
B) 2010
C) 2013
D) 2019
- 22. What plant was located in the place where Solar Silicon Technologies LLC was built?
A) Rusnano Black Sea facility
B) Belgorod solar manufacturing plant
C) Podolsk chemical-metallurgical plant
D) Nitol Solar scientific center
- 23. Since what year did the Podolsk chemical-metallurgical plant produce monocrystalline silicon?
A) 2010
B) 2016
C) 1957
D) 2007
- 24. According to the Russia Renewable Energy Development Association, what was the installed solar capacity in Russia by January 2026?
A) 4 GW
B) About 3.1 GW
C) Approximately 2.2 GW
D) 5.3 GW
- 25. According to broader international estimates, what was the installed solar capacity in Russia by January 2026?
A) Approximately 2.2 GW
B) About 3.1 GW
C) 150 MW
D) 2,840 GWh
- 26. What was the solar electricity generation in Russia in 2025?
A) 101 TWh
B) 2,213 TWh
C) 2,840 GWh
D) 1,500 MW
- 27. What percentage increase in solar electricity generation was recorded in 2025 compared to 2024?
A) 6.4%
B) 10.5%
C) 2.1%
D) 50–70%
- 28. What has primarily driven the growth of solar capacity in Russia?
A) Offshore solar farms in the Black Sea
B) Utility-scale installations in southern and eastern regions and hybrid solar-diesel systems in remote areas
C) Geothermal integration projects in Siberia
D) Residential rooftop solar panels in major cities
- 29. What remote area uses hybrid solar-diesel systems driving solar growth?
A) Moscow
B) Belgorod
C) Podolsk
D) Yakutia
- 30. What percentage of locally manufactured components do renewable energy auctions require in remote areas like Yakutia?
A) 80–100%
B) 30–40%
C) 10–20%
D) 50–70%
- 31. What is the projected solar capacity in Russia by 2029 according to analysts?
A) 101 TWh
B) 4 GW
C) 5.3 GW
D) 2.2 GW
- 32. What is the projected solar capacity in Russia by 2035 according to analysts?
A) 5.3 GW
B) 4 GW
C) 2.1 GW
D) 1,500 MW
- 33. What is the most used form of renewable energy in Russia?
A) Wind energy
B) Geothermal energy
C) Solar energy
D) Hydropower
- 34. What rank is Russia in the world for hydropower production?
A) First
B) Fifth
C) Second
D) Ninth
- 35. What rank is Russia in the world for hydro potential?
A) Fifth
B) First
C) Second
D) Tenth
- 36. What percentage of Russia's hydro potential is developed?
A) 1% <
B) 50%
C) 9%
D) 20%
- 37. What percentage of the world's hydro resources are located in Russia?
A) 20%
B) 50%
C) 5%
D) 9%
- 38. What is the largest dam in Russia by installed capacity?
A) Bratsk Dam
B) Krasnoyarsk Dam
C) Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam
D) Bureya Dam
- 39. Which dam is currently under construction with a capacity of 1920 MW?
A) Zaramag Dam
B) Nizhne-Chereksky Dam
C) Boguchany Dam
D) Zelenchuk Dam
- 40. What is the name of the largest hydroelectric company in Russia?
A) China Yangtze Power
B) Pauzhetka Energy
C) EuroSibEnergo
D) RusHydro
- 41. What rank is RusHydro among hydroelectric producers in the world?
A) Largest
B) Second largest
C) Fifth largest
D) Tenth largest
- 42. Which Chinese company signed an agreement with EuroSibEnergo in October 2010?
A) China National Nuclear Corporation
B) China Three Gorges Corporation
C) State Grid Corporation of China
D) China Yangtze Power
- 43. What is the second most used form of renewable energy in Russia?
A) Hydropower
B) Wind energy
C) Geothermal energy
D) Solar energy
- 44. Where was the first geothermal power plant in Russia built?
A) Verkhne-Mutnovsky
B) Kaliningrad
C) Pauzhetka, Kamchatka
D) Mutnovsky
- 45. In what year was Russia's first geothermal power plant built?
A) 1991
B) 2005
C) 2010
D) 1966
- 46. Where is Russia currently developing a 100 MW geothermal plant?
A) Kamchatka
B) Mutnovsky
C) Pauzhetka
D) Kaliningrad
- 47. Where is Russia currently developing a 50 MW geothermal plant?
A) Kaliningrad
B) Mutnovsky
C) North Caucasus
D) Verkhne-Mutnovsky
- 48. What proportion of geothermal production is used to heat homes and industrial buildings?
A) One-third
B) Half
C) 13%
D) Less than 1%
- 49. What proportion of geothermal production is used to heat greenhouses?
A) Half
B) One-third
C) 9%
D) 13%
- 50. What percentage of geothermal production is used for industrial processes?
A) 1%
B) 50%
C) 33%
D) 13%
- 51. Who stated in October 2010 that Russia and Iceland would work together to develop Kamchatka's geothermal energy sources?
A) China Yangtze Power CEO
B) Dmitry Medvedev
C) Sergei Shmatko
D) Vladimir Putin
- 52. What is Sergei Shmatko's role mentioned in the text?
A) Russia's energy minister
B) President of EuroSibEnergo
C) Head of RusHydro
D) Director of the World Energy Council
- 53. How many hydropower plants with capacities of over 100 MW does Russia have?
A) 9
B) 102
C) 5
D) 79
- 54. Which country's energy company signed a cooperation agreement with EuroSibEnergo in October 2010?
A) Iceland
B) United States
C) China
D) Germany
- 55. Which type of fuels currently dominate Russia’s energy mix?
A) Biofuels
B) Renewable fuels
C) Synthetic fuels
D) Fossil fuels
- 56. When did the rapid expansion of hydroelectric power begin in the Soviet Union?
A) 1941
B) 1990
C) 1950
D) 1930
- 57. In what year did the Soviet Union build its first windmill?
A) 1986
B) 1990
C) 1930
D) 1941
- 58. What was the capacity of the first windmill built by the Soviet Union?
A) 65 GWh
B) 100 kW
C) 25 MW
D) 600 MWh
- 59. What year did the Soviet Union collapse?
A) 2000
B) 1990
C) 2008
D) 1986
- 60. In what year did the Soviet government announce new energy goals including small-scale solar and wind use?
A) 1930
B) 2009
C) 1990
D) 1986
- 61. Which leader announced reforms to Russia's energy policies in 2008 to focus more on renewable energy?
A) Putin
B) Gorbachev
C) Medvedev
D) Lenin
- 62. By what percentage did Dmitry Medvedev intend to reduce Russia's energy consumption by the year 2020 in his late 2009 declaration?
A) 25%
B) 16%
C) 40%
D) 50%
- 63. In what year did an accident occur at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP?
A) 2020
B) 2008
C) 2009
D) 2015
- 64. As what-ranked producer of hydroelectric power did Russia rank globally in 2015?
A) Fifth-largest
B) Second-largest
C) Tenth-largest
D) Largest
- 65. What percentage of Russia's total electricity generation was contributed by hydroelectricity in 2015?
A) Nearly 16.0%
B) 0.05%
C) 0.19%
D) 40.0%
- 66. According to BP's estimates, what percentage of Russia's overall electricity generation was accounted for by renewables excluding large-scale hydropower in 2015?
A) 0.19%
B) 16.0%
C) 0.05%
D) 6.7%
- 67. According to Rosstat, what percentage of electricity generation did renewables (excluding large hydropower projects over 25 MW) constitute in 2015?
A) 0.19%
B) 0.05%
C) 3.5%
D) 16.0%
- 68. What kind of wind energy generating systems does Russia have a long history of deploying?
A) Offshore
B) Large-scale
C) Medium-scale
D) Small-scale
- 69. What hinders the development of wind resources in areas with high wind potential?
A) High population density and protests
B) Little existing electricity infrastructure
C) Constant volcanic activity
D) Excessive environmental regulations
- 70. On which body of water is the town of Yeisk located?
A) Black Sea
B) Caspian Sea
C) Sea of Azov
D) Baltic Sea
- 71. When was the first batch of wind towers and nacelles delivered for the Yeisk project?
A) June 2020
B) July 2010
C) December 2015
D) January 2006
- 72. By what time was the Yeisk wind facility expected to be operational?
A) End of 2015
B) End of 2010
C) End of 2006
D) End of 2020
- 73. Which German engineering company announced in July 2010 that it would build wind power plants in Russia?
A) Siemens
B) ThyssenKrupp
C) Bosch
D) Volkswagen
- 74. Which German leader's visit to Russia preceded Siemens' announcement to build wind power plants?
A) Helmut Kohl
B) Gerhard Schröder
C) Angela Merkel
D) Olaf Scholz
- 75. In what year were plans announced for constructing an 800 MW tidal power plant in the Barents Sea?
A) 1965
B) 2011
C) 2010
D) 2008
- 76. What crop has increasing production rates in Russia and is often used to create biodiesel?
A) Wheat
B) Barley
C) Corn
D) Rapeseed
- 77. What specific biofuel would be produced from timber by-products by the new plants?
A) Biodiesel
B) Biobutanol
C) Methanol
D) Ethanol
- 78. Which Russian car manufacturer produced its first biofuel-powered automobile in November 2010?
A) GAZ
B) Lada
C) UAZ
D) Kamaz
- 79. According to Deputy Transportation Minister Valery Okulov, what type of vehicles are Russian companies currently developing that run on biofuel?
A) Trains
B) Submarines
C) Helicopters
D) Airplanes
- 80. In what year did the peak of peat usage for energy production occur during the Soviet Union?
A) 2010
B) 1965
C) 1980
D) 1929
- 81. By what year had the share of electric energy from peat in the Soviet Union dropped to 1%?
A) 1980
B) 1929
C) 1965
D) 2008
- 82. What percentage of the world's peat production is Russia currently responsible for?
A) 20%
B) 1%
C) 40%
D) 17%
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