Holocaust denial - Quiz
Holocaust denial
  • 1. Which of the following is cited as a motivation for Holocaust denial?
A) Religious conversion
B) Antisemitism
C) Economic reform
D) Scientific curiosity
  • 2. According to Enzo Traverso, why might some people believe the Holocaust is a myth?
A) To promote global peace
B) To defend the interests of Israel and its allies
C) To hide evidence of military defeat
D) To support German economic growth
  • 3. How do some scholars describe the prevalence of Holocaust denial?
A) As a dominant global ideology
B) As a rapidly growing mainstream movement
C) As a required academic subject
D) As a fringe belief
  • 4. Who argues that denial was originally invented by the perpetrators as a means of genocide?
A) Lawrence Douglas
B) Friedrich Jeckeln
C) Enzo Traverso
D) Isaac Schneersohn
  • 5. What did Nazis often use to disguise trucks carrying Zyklon B?
A) Food delivery labels
B) Red Cross symbols
C) Military insignias
D) Medical supply markings
  • 6. How did Himmler describe the Holocaust in the Posen speeches?
A) A regrettable accident of war
B) A secret humanitarian effort
C) A necessary military strategy
D) An unnamed and never to be named page of glory
  • 7. What were victims often told to convince them they were being resettled?
A) They were going to a labor camp
B) They were being relocated to safer cities
C) They were being sent to neutral territory
D) They were entering harmless showers
  • 8. What did Heinrich Himmler instruct camp commandants to do as defeat became imminent?
A) Surrender to the Allies
B) Destroy records and crematoria
C) Evacuate prisoners to Germany
D) Publish accurate accountings of deaths
  • 9. What happened to the bodies of the 25,000 Latvian Jews killed at Rumbula?
A) They were buried in mass graves
B) They were dug up and burned in 1943
C) They were left in their original locations
D) They were moved to Treblinka
  • 10. Why did French authorities destroy the archive of Jewish arrests at Liberation?
A) Because of a lack of storage space
B) Under orders from the German military
C) To avoid culpability and protect the state
D) To prevent Nazis from finding them
  • 11. What did the National Office for Veterans and Victims of War do with Drancy camp records?
A) Destroyed them to save space
B) Published them immediately
C) Distributed them to Jewish organizations
D) Held them in secret
  • 12. Who founded a center in 1943 to document the persecution of Jews?
A) Enzo Traverso
B) Lawrence Douglas
C) Friedrich Jeckeln
D) Isaac Schneersohn
  • 13. Where were 40 representatives from Jewish organizations gathered in 1943?
A) Riga
B) Grenoble
C) Paris
D) Drancy
  • 14. What was the result of the center established by Isaac Schneersohn in 1943?
A) Little happened before liberation due to the risk of death
B) It immediately published its findings
C) It successfully saved all French archives
D) It was closed by the Italian occupiers
  • 15. What is the name of the organization formed in Paris in late 1944?
A) The Historical Defense Council
B) The Rumbula Preservation Society
C) The National Office for Veterans
D) CDJC
  • 16. Which of the following is a common false claim made by Holocaust deniers?
A) The 'Final Solution' was only intended for deportation
B) The Holocaust was limited to the Soviet Union
C) Nazi Germany failed to organize a systematic bureaucracy
D) Historical evidence supports the denial of genocide
  • 17. What role did the Institute for Historical Review play in Holocaust denial?
A) Published peer-reviewed evidence of Nazi atrocities
B) Provided a pseudo-scholarly platform
C) Funded the original research of the Final Solution
D) Legitimized the Holocaust in European schools
  • 18. Which country is described as the leading state sponsor of Holocaust denial?
A) Canada
B) France
C) Iran
D) Germany
  • 19. What is the difference between Holocaust denial and legitimate historical revisionism?
A) Revisionism denies the existence of gas chambers
B) Revisionism is considered a serious societal crime
C) Denial relies on a predetermined conclusion ignoring evidence
D) Denial focuses on interpreting causes and consequences
  • 20. What term do Holocaust deniers prefer to use instead of 'denial'?
A) Discourse analysis
B) Historical re-examination
C) Revisionism
D) Negationism
  • 21. What did the United Nations General Assembly do in 2007 and 2022?
A) Investigated the claims of the Institute for Historical Review
B) Officially endorsed historical revisionist studies
C) Adopted resolutions condemning Holocaust denial
D) Established a fund for Holocaust cartoon contests
  • 22. What is an example of 'Holocaust trivialization' mentioned in the text?
A) Contrived comparisons like 'atomic Holocaust'
B) The accurate counting of victims in death camps
C) The documentation of Hitler's specific role
D) The study of Jewish responses to persecution
  • 23. What did Eisenhower order German villagers to do after visiting the camps?
A) Testify in court
B) Build a memorial
C) Clean the barracks
D) Bury the dead
  • 24. When were the Nuremberg trials held?
A) 1946–1947
B) 1943–1944
C) 1945–1946
D) 1939–1945
  • 25. Which 1961 film contained graphic newsreel footage of concentration camp victims?
A) The Diary of Anne Frank
B) Judgment at Nuremberg
C) The Great Dictator
D) Schindler's List
  • 26. What event fifteen years after Nuremberg finally riveted the world's attention to the Holocaust?
A) The Eichmann trial
B) The liberation of the camps
C) The end of the Cold War
D) The publication of the CDJC archives
  • 27. In what year was Adolf Eichmann captured by the Israeli government?
A) 1955
B) 1961
C) 1939
D) 1945
  • 28. Where was Adolf Eichmann captured?
A) Argentina
B) Poland
C) Israel
D) Germany
  • 29. Who was the chief prosecutor during the trial of Adolf Eichmann?
A) Joachim Neander
B) Randal Marlin
C) Victor Cavendish-Bentinck
D) Gideon Hausner
  • 30. Who was the chairman of the British Joint Intelligence Committee during the relevant period?
A) Gideon Hausner
B) Joachim Neander
C) Victor Cavendish-Bentinck
D) Randal Marlin
  • 31. Who is credited as the first person to openly write about doubting the reality of the Holocaust after World War II?
A) Joseph Goebbels
B) Adolf Hitler
C) Maurice Bardèche
D) Paul Rassinier
  • 32. Which individual's tale influenced Bardèche's 1950 book?
A) A Nazi general
B) Paul Rassinier
C) An Allied prosecutor
D) A French resistance leader
  • 33. What was Paul Rassinier's background before he became a Holocaust denier?
A) A German SS officer
B) An art critic
C) A deportee from Nazi concentration camps
D) A communist politician
  • 34. In his 1950 book, who did Bardèche claim were worse than the SS?
A) Kapos
B) The prisoners
C) The Allied soldiers
D) The camp doctors
  • 35. What did Bardèche claim was the primary purpose of gas in Auschwitz?
A) Killing prisoners
B) Killing lice
C) Creating medical experiments
D) Sterilization of equipment
  • 36. What did Bardèche claim caused disorganization in Nazi camps?
A) Allied bombing raids
B) Lack of supplies
C) German defeats
D) Prisoner revolts
  • 37. During which decades was Bardèche's work deemed influential for the European far-right?
A) 1950s–1960s
B) 1940s–1950s
C) 1970s–1980s
D) 1930s–1940s
  • 38. What type of structures did Bardèche introduce into his writings?
A) Neo-fascist ideological structures
B) Artistic critique frameworks
C) Communist party mandates
D) Democratic governing structures
  • 39. What was Harry Elmer Barnes's professional background before his later years?
A) A German government official
B) A professional propagandist
C) A French war correspondent
D) A mainstream American historian
  • 40. Who headed the Centre for the Study of the Causes of the War?
A) Major Alfred von Wegerer
B) An unnamed Allied diplomat
C) Paul Rassinier
D) Harry Elmer Barnes
  • 41. In which publication did Barnes write his 1964 article titled 'Zionist Fraud'?
A) The Historical Review
B) The American Mercury
C) The New York Times
D) The European Journal
  • 42. Who published 'Der erzwungene Krieg' (The Forced War) in 1961?
A) Austin App
B) Paul Rassinier
C) David L. Hoggan
D) Arthur Butz
  • 43. How many German Jews were actually murdered in the Kristallnacht according to the text?
A) Zero
B) 91
C) 10
D) 1,000
  • 44. Which publisher published 'The Myth of the Six Million'?
A) Le Monde
B) Noontide Press
C) La Salle University Press
D) Northwestern University Press
  • 45. Who is considered the first major mainstream American Holocaust denier?
A) David L. Hoggan
B) Arthur Butz
C) Robert Faurisson
D) Austin App
  • 46. What was Austin App's profession?
A) Journalist
B) History professor
C) Medieval English literature professor
D) Electrical engineering professor
  • 47. In what year was the Institute for Historical Review founded?
A) 1964
B) 1976
C) 1978
D) 1961
  • 48. Who published 'The Hoax of the Twentieth Century' in 1976?
A) Robert Faurisson
B) Jean-Claude Pressac
C) Arthur Butz
D) David L. Hoggan
  • 49. Where did Robert Faurisson write letters in 1978 and 1979 claiming Nazi gas chambers did not exist?
A) Northwestern University journal
B) The New York Times
C) Institute for Historical Review newsletter
D) Le Monde
  • 50. Who was a colleague of Robert Faurisson who later published evidence of the Holocaust?
A) Jean-Claude Pressac
B) Austin App
C) David L. Hoggan
D) Arthur Butz
  • 51. Who described Arthur Butz's view of the Holocaust as an 'embarrassment to Northwestern'?
A) Henry Bienen
B) Austin App
C) Robert Faurisson
D) Jean-Claude Pressac
  • 52. How many colleagues signed a censure against Arthur Butz in 2006?
A) Ninety-one
B) Five
C) Sixty
D) Ten
  • 53. Who founded the Institute for Historical Review in 1978?
A) Paul Rassinier
B) Harry Elmer Barnes
C) Willis Carto
D) Austin App
  • 54. What was the amount of the reward offered by the IHR in 1980 for proof that Jews were gassed at Auschwitz?
A) $50,000
B) $100,000
C) $90,000
D) $10,000
  • 55. Who sued the IHR after they refused to pay the reward for evidence of gas chambers?
A) Thomas T. Johnson
B) William John Cox
C) Mel Mermelstein
D) Robert A. Wenke
  • 56. Which judge took judicial notice of the fact that Jews were gassed at Auschwitz?
A) Willis Carto
B) William John Cox
C) Thomas T. Johnson
D) Robert A. Wenke
  • 57. What was the final monetary amount the IHR was required to pay Mel Mermelstein in the 1985 judgment?
A) $100,000
B) $90,000
C) $50,000
D) $40,000
  • 58. Who was the public interest attorney representing Mel Mermelstein in his lawsuit against the IHR?
A) James J. Martin
B) William John Cox
C) Harry Elmer Barnes
D) Richard J. Evans
  • 59. Whose writings did the IHR republish because they had been out of print since his death?
A) Austin App
B) James J. Martin
C) Harry Elmer Barnes
D) Paul Rassinier
  • 60. What was James Keegstra's profession?
A) High-school teacher
B) Lawyer
C) Political activist
D) University professor
  • 61. In what year was James Keegstra charged?
A) 1975
B) 1984
C) 1990
D) 1980
  • 62. Which legal code was Keegstra charged under?
A) International Human Rights Law
B) Alberta Education Act
C) Canadian Criminal Code
D) American Penal Code
  • 63. Who was James Keegstra's lawyer?
A) James Keegstra represented himself
B) The Supreme Court assigned him counsel
C) Doug Christie
D) He refused legal representation
  • 64. What was the Supreme Court of Canada's final ruling on the case?
A) Restored his conviction
B) Declared the law unconstitutional
C) Referred the case to a lower court
D) Upheld his acquittal
  • 65. What was the vote margin of the Supreme Court of Canada?
A) 5–2 majority
B) 4–3 majority
C) Unanimous
D) 3–4 minority
  • 66. Under what section of the Charter did the Supreme Court justify restricting hatred?
A) Section 7
B) Section 15
C) Section 2(b)
D) Section 1
  • 67. What was the name of Ernst Zündel's small-press publishing company?
A) Focal Point Publishing
B) Liberty Books
C) Samisdat Publishers
D) Ontario Press
  • 68. Who wrote 'Did Six Million Really Die?' under the pseudonym Richard Harwood?
A) Fred A. Leuchter
B) Richard Verrall
C) David Irving
D) Ernst Zündel
  • 69. In what year was Zündel first convicted for 'disseminating and publishing material denying the Holocaust'?
A) 2002
B) 1988
C) 1992
D) 1985
  • 70. Who was the Holocaust historian that served as a prosecution witness in the 1985 trial?
A) Raul Hilberg
B) Douglas Christie
C) Robert Faurisson
D) David Irving
  • 71. Which of these individuals was a defense witness in Zündel's 1988 trial?
A) Raul Hilberg
B) Ingrid Zündel
C) Fred A. Leuchter
D) Barbara Kulaszka
  • 72. What led to the overturning of Zündel's conviction in 1992?
A) The Supreme Court declared the 'false news' law unconstitutional
B) The prosecution withdrew the charges
C) New evidence surfaced proving the Holocaust
D) He was granted refugee status
  • 73. In 2003, why was Zündel arrested in Tennessee?
A) Publishing hate speech in the US
B) Breaking his parole
C) Assaulting a police officer
D) Immigration violations
  • 74. To which country was Zündel deported in 2005?
A) France
B) Germany
C) Canada
D) Britain
  • 75. What is the name of the German law under which Zündel was convicted for incitement in 2007?
A) Volksverhetzung
B) False News Act
C) Samisdat Law
D) Human Rights Act
  • 76. What was the maximum sentence Zündel received in 2007?
A) One year
B) Five years
C) Ten years
D) Fifteen months
  • 77. Which company published the Leuchter report in Britain in 1989?
A) Canadian Human Rights Tribunal
B) Samisdat Publishers
C) Ontario Court Press
D) Focal Point Publishing
  • 78. Which Italian Holocaust denier did Ernst Nolte treat as a serious historian?
A) Carlo Mattogno
B) Robert Faurisson
C) Fred Leuchter
D) Otto Dov Kulka
  • 79. In his 1987 book, how did Nolte describe the intentions of Holocaust deniers?
A) Often honourable
B) Purely academic
C) Entirely malicious
D) Dangerous and illegal
  • 80. Which conference did Nolte claim never happened?
A) Potsdam Conference
B) Munich Conference
C) Yalta Conference
D) Wannsee Conference
  • 81. Who did Nolte blame for the supposed forgery of the Wannsee Conference minutes?
A) The French government
B) The Allied powers
C) Biased Jewish historians
D) The United Nations
  • 82. Which British historian argued that Nolte was operating on the borderlines of Holocaust denial?
A) Otto Dov Kulka
B) Richard J. Evans
C) Ian Kershaw
D) Deborah Lipstadt
  • 83. Who stated that Ernst Nolte is an anti-Semite who attempts to rehabilitate Hitler by comparing him to Stalin?
A) Otto Dov Kulka
B) Ian Kershaw
C) Richard J. Evans
D) Deborah Lipstadt
  • 84. What is the title of the book published by Arno J. Mayer in 1988?
A) The Destruction of the Jews
B) Hitler's War
C) Why Did the Heavens Not Darken?
D) The Holocaust Denial
  • 85. Who described Mayer's statements about Auschwitz as a "breathtaking assertion"?
A) David Irving
B) Deborah Lipstadt
C) Lucy Dawidowicz
D) Robert Jan van Pelt
  • 86. Who claimed that Mayer's book is as close as a mainstream historian has come to supporting Holocaust denial?
A) Michael Shermer
B) Robert Jan van Pelt
C) Yehuda Bauer
D) Alex Grobman
  • 87. Does Mayer's book explicitly deny the use of gas chambers at Auschwitz?
A) Only for some camps
B) Yes, in the introduction
C) Yes, explicitly
D) No
  • 88. How did Yehuda Bauer describe Mayer's argument that Jews were collateral damage in the Nazi fight against Marxism?
A) Groundbreaking research
B) Nonsense
C) A historical necessity
D) A factual analysis
  • 89. What did Mayer argue was missing from his book according to Yehuda Bauer?
A) A proper scientific apparatus
B) An explanation of Allied crimes
C) Proper citations of gas chambers
D) A focus on German warfare
  • 90. What do Holocaust denial authors focus on in countries where denying the Holocaust is illegal?
A) The economic impact of the war
B) The failures of the Nuremberg trials
C) Allied war crimes
D) The neutrality of Switzerland
  • 91. What term does Deborah Lipstadt use to describe the comparison of Allied actions to the Holocaust?
A) Historical revisionism
B) Axis propaganda
C) The double standard
D) Immoral equivalencies
  • 92. In his review of 'Hitler's War', who argued that David Irving implied moral equivalence between the Axis and Allies?
A) Deborah Lipstadt
B) Martin Broszat
C) Lucy Dawidowicz
D) Robert Jan van Pelt
  • 93. Who is susceptible to Holocaust denial propaganda according to the text?
A) No one is susceptible
B) Only the elderly
C) Only those without an education
D) Well-educated individuals
  • 94. What happens to the audience's belief when exposed to denial information?
A) They remain neutral
B) They ignore the information
C) Belief strengthens
D) Disbelief grows
  • 95. Which band is mentioned as contributing to the glorification of the Ustasha regime in Croatia?
A) The Jasenovac Collective.
B) Thompson.
C) The Arrow Cross ensemble.
D) The Zagreb Philharmonic.
  • 96. What is the 'Za dom spremni' phrase associated with in Croatia?
A) An anti-fascist slogan.
B) A Jewish liberation movement.
C) A national anthem.
D) The Ustasha-era salute.
  • 97. What armed force in Serbia was involved in the mass killings of Jews, Roma, Croats, and Muslims?
A) The Ustaše
B) The Partisans
C) The Red Army
D) The Chetniks
  • 98. Who was the vice-president of Vlaams Blok who cast doubt on the number of Jews murdered in the Holocaust?
A) Alfred Schaefer
B) Monika Schaefer
C) Roeland Raes
D) Sylvia Stolz
  • 99. Under what new name did the members of the former Vlaams Blok reform?
A) Vlaams Recht
B) Vlaams Vooruit
C) Vlaams Nieuw
D) Vlaams Belang
  • 100. What is the French term for Holocaust denial that became prominent in the 1990s?
A) Oubli
B) Revisionisme
C) Dissidence
D) Négationnisme
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