History of pseudoscience - Quiz
History of pseudoscience
  • 1. Which of the following was a notable development in pseudoscience during the 20th century?
A) The formulation of quantum mechanics
B) The discovery of penicillin
C) The invention of the microscope
D) The rise of Creationism
  • 2. What demised in the 20th century according to the text?
A) Spiritualism
B) Reflexology
C) Ancient astronaut theories
D) Creationism
  • 3. What theory saw its first formulation in the 20th century?
A) The modern evolutionary synthesis
B) Germ theory
C) The theory of relativity
D) Ancient astronaut theories
  • 4. When was reflexology introduced in the US?
A) 1987
B) 1991
C) 1968
D) 1913
  • 5. Under what initial name was reflexology introduced in the US in 1913?
A) Energy balancing
B) Life force healing
C) Zone therapy
D) Foot mapping
  • 6. What concept does reflexology rely on regarding an undetectable life force?
A) It connects the brain directly to the heart
B) It channels energy solely through the spine
C) It connects various parts of the body to the feet, hands, and ears
D) It purifies blood through the palms
  • 7. Who began opposing the teaching of the theory of evolution in American public schools?
A) Soviet scientists
B) Erich von Däniken and Zecharia Sitchin
C) Skeptical foundations
D) American fundamentalist Christians
  • 8. Which famous trial notoriously upheld a law against teaching the theory of evolution?
A) The Space Race Trial
B) The Scopes Trial
C) The Genesis Trial
D) The Skeptics Trial
  • 9. What historical event caused a renewed interest in science in the second half of the 20th century in the USA?
A) The invention of the internet
B) The Space Race
C) The Scopes Trial
D) The publication of Chariots of the Gods?
  • 10. Why did stricter science standards lead to the re-introduction of evolution in the curriculum?
A) The collapse of spiritualism
B) The findings of the James Randi Educational Foundation
C) Pressure from young Earth creationists
D) Worry that the USA was falling behind on the Soviet Union
  • 11. Why were laws against teaching evolution eventually ruled unconstitutional?
A) They conflicted with reflexology principles
B) They were opposed by Erich von Däniken
C) They violated international space treaties
D) They violated the separation of church and state
  • 12. What did Christian fundamentalists produce in an attempt to evade the ruling against anti-evolution laws?
A) Ancient astronaut literature
B) A scientific guide on zone therapy
C) Skeptical foundations
D) A supposedly secular alternative to evolution called Creationism
  • 13. Who wrote the influential young Earth creationist publication The Genesis Flood?
A) John C. Whitcomb and Henry M. Morris
B) James Randi and Henry M. Morris
C) John C. Whitcomb and Erich von Däniken
D) Erich von Däniken and Zecharia Sitchin
  • 14. What core idea is shared by all versions of ancient astronaut theories?
A) Humans originated on Mars and migrated to Earth via space travel
B) The Earth is young and was flooded globally
C) Extraterrestrials created reflexology in ancient times
D) Intelligent extraterrestrials visited Earth in the distant past and made contact with humans
  • 15. When did popular authors like Erich von Däniken and Zecharia Sitchin begin publishing ancient astronaut theories?
A) The 1990s
B) The 1910s
C) The 1960s
D) The 1980s
  • 16. Which notable publication in the ancient astronaut genre appeared in 1968?
A) Chariots of the Gods?
B) Zone Therapy
C) The Genesis Flood
D) Stichting Skepsis
  • 17. Why were prominent skeptical foundations formed late in the 20th century?
A) To support young Earth creationism
B) To advance zone therapy
C) To promote ancient astronaut theories
D) To counter the growth of pseudosciences
  • 18. In what year was the Center for Inquiry founded?
A) 1992
B) 1976
C) 1991
D) 1996
  • 19. In what year was The Skeptics Society founded?
A) 1991
B) 1987
C) 1992
D) 1996
  • 20. Which of the following US skeptical foundations was founded in 1996?
A) The Center for Inquiry
B) The James Randi Educational Foundation
C) The Skeptics Society
D) The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
  • 21. Which other skeptical foundation was also founded in 1996 in the US alongside the James Randi Educational Foundation?
A) The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
B) Stichting Skepsis
C) The New England Skeptical Society
D) The Center for Inquiry
  • 22. In what year was the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry founded?
A) 1987
B) 1991
C) 1992
D) 1976
  • 23. What happened to the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry in 1991?
A) It merged with The Skeptics Society
B) It relocated to the Netherlands
C) It became part of the Center for Inquiry
D) It was disbanded permanently
  • 24. What is the name of the skeptical foundation founded in the Netherlands in 1987?
A) The New England Skeptical Society
B) Stichting Skepsis
C) The James Randi Educational Foundation
D) The Skeptics Society
  • 25. Which of these organizations was founded first?
A) The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
B) The James Randi Educational Foundation
C) The Skeptics Society
D) The Center for Inquiry
  • 26. How does a pseudoscience present itself?
A) As science
B) As politics
C) As a religion
D) As art
  • 27. What is one popular proposal for demarcation between proper science and pseudoscience?
A) The popularity index
B) The geographical origin
C) The falsification criterion
D) The ideological standard
  • 28. Who notably contributed to the falsification criterion?
A) Harry Houdini
B) Samuel Hahnemann
C) Ignaz von Peczely
D) Karl Popper
  • 29. Which science traces its origins from the protoscience of alchemy?
A) Psychiatry
B) Astronomy
C) Neuroscience
D) Chemistry
  • 30. Lysenkoism developed as part of what?
A) A literary device
B) Mainstream medicine
C) A religious movement
D) An ideology
  • 31. Which pseudoscience remains popular despite being rejected by a large majority of scientists?
A) Astrology
B) Spirit photography
C) Phrenology
D) Lysenkoism
  • 32. When did Spiritualism trace its origins in America?
A) 1800
B) 1796
C) 1848
D) 1882
  • 33. When was homeopathy first formulated?
A) 1796
B) 1877
C) 1848
D) 1881
  • 34. Around what year was phrenology developed?
A) 1882
B) 1796
C) 1800
D) 1850
  • 35. What 19th-century pseudoscientific belief involved visible features on Mars?
A) Pyramids
B) Oceans
C) Canals
D) Craters
  • 36. When was phrenology prevailingly abandoned by the scientific community?
A) When Harry Houdini started performing
B) In the late 20th century
C) Halfway through the 19th century
D) At the beginning of the 18th century
  • 37. Who invented iridology halfway through the 19th century?
A) Karl Popper
B) Ignaz von Peczely
C) Samuel Hahnemann
D) Ignatius L. Donnelly
  • 38. What was the nationality of Ignaz von Peczely?
A) Italian
B) German
C) Hungarian
D) Dutch
  • 39. Who began claiming the ability to communicate with the dead in 1848, launching American Spiritualism?
A) Plato and Harry Houdini
B) Giovanni Schiaparelli and Ignatius L. Donnelly
C) Ignaz von Peczely and Samuel Hahnemann
D) The Fox sisters
  • 40. Until what decade did the religious movement of Spiritualism remain popular?
A) The 1920s
B) The 1970s
C) The 1890s
D) The 1850s
  • 41. Who began exposing famous mediums and other performers as frauds?
A) Samuel Hahnemann
B) Ignaz von Peczely
C) Karl Popper
D) Harry Houdini
  • 42. Who formulated the principles of homeopathy in 1796?
A) Giovanni Schiaparelli
B) Samuel Hahnemann
C) Ignaz von Peczely
D) Ignatius L. Donnelly
  • 43. What was the nationality of Samuel Hahnemann?
A) Dutch
B) German
C) Hungarian
D) Italian
  • 44. What primitive technique did mainstream medicine use when homeopathy was formulated?
A) Spirit photography
B) Skull measurement
C) Bloodletting
D) Phrenology
  • 45. What did homeopathic medicine essentially consist of due to extreme dilution?
A) Ectoplasm
B) Undiluted toxins
C) Water
D) Strong chemicals
  • 46. During which decade did homeopathic institutions and schools spread across the US and Europe?
A) The 1830s
B) The 1920s
C) The 1790s
D) The 1880s
  • 47. Who first reported the supposed Martian canals in 1877?
A) Ignatius L. Donnelly
B) Harry Houdini
C) Giovanni Schiaparelli
D) Karl Popper
  • 48. What was the nationality of Giovanni Schiaparelli?
A) Hungarian
B) Italian
C) Dutch
D) German
  • 49. Who wrote the 1882 book 'Atlantis: The Antediluvian World'?
A) Ignaz von Peczely
B) Samuel Hahnemann
C) Ignatius L. Donnelly
D) Giovanni Schiaparelli
  • 50. What was Ignatius L. Donnelly's profession besides author?
A) Physician
B) Magician
C) Astronomer
D) Politician
  • 51. Who first mentioned Atlantis as a literary device in two of his dialogues?
A) Ignaz von Peczely
B) Plato
C) Karl Popper
D) Harry Houdini
  • 52. In what year was the Dutch Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij formed?
A) 1848
B) 1882
C) 1881
D) 1796
  • 53. When did studies show the Flat Earth theory actually began?
A) Thousands of years ago
B) The 2000s
C) The 1990s
D) The 21st century
  • 54. What allowed the Flat Earth theory to spread much quicker in the 1990s?
A) Global newspapers
B) Television broadcasting
C) The internet starting up
D) Social media platforms
  • 55. What was the name of the trial where Intelligent Design suffered a major legal defeat?
A) Roe v. Wade
B) Scopes v. State
C) Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District
D) Brown v. Board of Education
  • 56. Teaching Intelligent Design in public schools violates which amendment's Establishment Clause?
A) Fourth Amendment
B) Fifth Amendment
C) First Amendment
D) Second Amendment
  • 57. In what year was the NOVA production Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial released?
A) 2009
B) 2010
C) 2007
D) 2003
  • 58. What is the scientific consensus regarding vaccination and autism?
A) There is strong scientific proof supporting the link.
B) Vaccines definitely cause autism.
C) Scientists are undecided.
D) There is a broad scientific consensus against the link.
  • 59. Which celebrity joined the debate claiming vaccines cause autism because her son has autism?
A) Gwyneth Paltrow
B) Jenny McCarthy
C) Oprah Winfrey
D) Angelina Jolie
  • 60. Who published the original research supposedly indicating a link between vaccines and autism?
A) Andrew Wakefield
B) Charles Darwin
C) Erich von Däniken
D) John E. Jones III
  • 61. What was Andrew Wakefield's profession?
A) Physicist
B) Surgeon
C) Chemist
D) Astrologer
  • 62. In what month and year was Andrew Wakefield reported to have fixed the data by The Sunday Times?
A) February 2009
B) May 2010
C) December 2003
D) March 2007
  • 63. Which newspaper reported that Andrew Wakefield fixed the data?
A) The Sunday Times
B) The Guardian
C) The New York Times
D) The Washington Post
  • 64. When did the General Medical Council hearing begin to examine charges of professional misconduct against Andrew Wakefield?
A) 2003
B) March 2007
C) May 2010
D) February 2009
  • 65. On what date was Andrew Wakefield struck off the United Kingdom medical register?
A) 1 January 2000
B) 10 February 2009
C) 24 May 2010
D) 15 March 2007
  • 66. In what year did Erich von Däniken's Mystery Park open?
A) 2003
B) 2007
C) 2010
D) 1990
  • 67. How many visitors a year was Erich von Däniken's Mystery Park expected to receive?
A) 1,000,000
B) 100,000
C) 50,000
D) 500,000
  • 68. In what year did Erich von Däniken's Mystery Park close due to financial difficulties?
A) 2010
B) 2006
C) 2003
D) 2009
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