A) Lipopolysaccharides B) Nucleic acids C) Polysaccharides D) Proteins
A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa B) Escherichia coli C) Staphylococcus aureus D) Bacillus anthracis
A) India ink staining B) Crystal violet staining C) Gram staining D) Methylene blue staining
A) By increasing motility B) By preventing phagocytosis C) By producing toxins D) By degrading antibodies
A) Producing antibiotics B) Preventing drying out due to high water content C) Releasing enzymes that degrade host tissues D) Forming biofilms
A) They always enhance biofilm stability B) They can negatively impact biofilm formation, especially with thick capsules C) They have no effect on biofilm formation D) They promote rapid biofilm growth
A) Cell wall B) Glycocalyx C) Peptidoglycan layer D) Outer membrane
A) Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria B) Only in non-bacterial cells C) Gram-negative bacteria D) Gram-positive bacteria
A) It has no effect on adhesion B) It only aids in motility C) It helps bacteria adhere to surfaces D) It prevents adhesion to surfaces
A) Promotion of beneficial bacteria B) Inhibition of bacterial growth C) Reduction of pathogenicity D) Enhancement of the ability to cause disease
A) No antibodies are needed B) General immune response C) Capsule-specific antibody D) Antibodies against lipopolysaccharides
A) No, it does not result in immunity to other types B) Yes, it provides broad immunity C) Only if the capsules are similar D) Immunity is always specific to one bacterium
A) Only immune cells B) Nutrient absorption C) Bacterial viruses and hydrophobic toxic materials like detergents D) Oxygen availability
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae B) Klebsiella pneumoniae C) Escherichia coli D) Neisseria meningitidis
A) Maneval's capsule stain B) Quellung reaction C) India ink staining D) Gram staining
A) Staphylococcus epidermidis B) Haemophilus influenzae C) Klebsiella pneumoniae D) Acinetobacter baumannii
A) Streptococcus pyogenes B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa C) Salmonella D) Bacillus megaterium
A) A black dot B) A pink-stained area C) A bluish-grey background D) A clear halo around the bacterium
A) Maneval's capsule stain B) India ink staining C) Gram staining D) Quellung reaction
A) Lactococcus garvieae B) Bacillus anthracis C) Staphylococcus aureus D) Cryptococcus neoformans
A) Streptococcus agalactiae B) Bacillus megaterium C) Salmonella D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A) Bacillus megaterium B) Lactococcus garvieae C) Neisseria meningitidis D) Klebsiella pneumoniae
A) Staphylococcus epidermidis B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa C) Haemophilus influenzae type b D) Escherichia coli (in all strains) |