Indigenous architecture - Quiz
Indigenous architecture
  • 1. How does Rau Hoskins define Māori architecture?
A) Only buildings constructed with natural materials
B) Strictly as traditional meeting houses and shrines
C) Anything involving a Māori client with a Māori focus
D) Architectural designs created only by Māori architects
  • 2. According to the text, what is the key to how Māori architecture manifests?
A) The use of specific traditional carvings
B) The kaupapa and client's aspirations
C) The architectural budget and timeline
D) The size of the land available
  • 3. When did marae complexes begin being built in urban areas?
A) Only within the last decade
B) From the 1960s
C) Since the 1980s
D) During the 1920s
  • 4. What does the term 'wāhi tapu' mean in relation to a marae?
A) Sacred place
B) Shared kitchen
C) Meeting ground
D) Sleeping quarters
  • 5. Which of the following is identified as a type of building found in a contemporary marae?
A) Private hotel
B) Retail shopping centre
C) Sports stadium
D) Whare ora (health centre)
  • 6. What is the typical layout of a meeting house according to the text?
A) One large space with a porch and one door and window in front
B) A circular building with multiple entrances
C) Multiple small rooms surrounding a central courtyard
D) An open-air pavilion with no walls
  • 7. Where did the construction of marae expand to in the 1980s?
A) Private suburban homes and apartment complexes
B) International airports and government embassies
C) Prisons, schools and universities
D) Public parks and industrial warehouses
  • 8. Which building is listed as a notable project in the provided text?
A) Te Papa Museum
B) Sky Tower
C) Futuna Chapel
D) Auckland War Memorial Museum
  • 9. What is the function of a marae in a contemporary context?
A) Providing permanent housing for the general public
B) Serving as a commercial marketplace
C) Hosting events like weddings and funerals
D) Exclusively for government council meetings
  • 10. What are 'papa kāinga' as described in the text?
A) Traditional fishing ports
B) Educational research centres
C) Domestic Māori villages
D) Religious temples
  • 11. What is a primary characteristic of Indigenous housing in many parts of Australia?
A) Uniform architectural styles
B) Strict adherence to building codes
C) Abundance of modern apartments
D) Acute shortage of dwellings
  • 12. What is a major reason for the difficulty in limiting overcrowding in Indigenous housing?
A) Resistance from Indigenous communities
B) Excessive land availability
C) Rapid population growth
D) Lack of building materials
  • 13. What does the cultural design model aim to incorporate into housing?
A) Governmental administrative preferences
B) Global architectural trends
C) Indigenous Australian cultural norms
D) Western industrial standards
  • 14. According to Western academics, why have many Indigenous Australian housing projects failed?
A) Lack of political will to build
B) Failure to recognize diverse cultural housing needs
C) Use of environmentally friendly materials
D) High costs of specialized labor
  • 15. What is one consequence of inappropriate housing and town planning mentioned by Ross?
A) Improvement of infrastructure
B) Disruption of social organization
C) Reduction of construction costs
D) Easier maintenance of households
  • 16. Which of these is a cultural factor mentioned as relevant to housing design?
A) Personal storage capacity
B) Avoidance behaviours
C) Parking space requirements
D) Internet connectivity
  • 17. How should each Indigenous housing design project be approached, according to the literature?
A) Independently
B) By copying urban city models
C) Through a singular national design
D) Using standardized blueprints
  • 18. How many 'healthy housing principles' are there in the 'Housing for Health' methodology?
A) Twelve
B) Seven
C) Ten
D) Nine
  • 19. Which of the following is identified as a 'healthy housing principle'?
A) Large garden spaces
B) Ability to wash people
C) Installation of high-speed internet
D) Provision of luxury appliances
  • 20. What does the cultural model consider in relation to housing?
A) Market resale value
B) Investment potential
C) Domiciliary behaviours
D) Construction speed
  • 21. What can happen if adjusting to a house strains relationships among residents?
A) Improved family bonding
B) Severe stress on the occupants
C) Better financial management
D) Increased housing longevity
  • 22. Which of the following is a healthy housing principle related to pests?
A) Eradicating all natural wildlife
B) Reducing impact of pests or vermin
C) Painting exterior walls
D) Increasing the number of windows
  • 23. What does Indigenous architecture typically encompass?
A) European colonial designs
B) Standardized global housing
C) Culture-specific architecture
D) Only historical ruins
  • 24. What is one of the terms used by Indigenous Australians for their structures?
A) Teepee
B) Yurt
C) Wiltja
D) Igloo
  • 25. Which materials were used for the stone-based homes of the Gunditjmara peoples?
A) Concrete slabs
B) Brick and mortar
C) Basalt rocks
D) Steel beams
  • 26. What shape were the stone shelters found in the Warringah area?
A) Elongated egg shape
B) Perfectly square
C) Flat rectangle
D) Tall pyramid
  • 27. What material was used for the framework of dome shelters in the rainforests?
A) Iron bars
B) Cane
C) Bamboo
D) Plastic piping
  • 28. What type of cladding was used for the stone-based dome homes at Bessibelle?
A) Synthetic shingles
B) Wood paneling
C) Animal fur
D) Sod cladding
  • 29. When were the terms 'Indigenous Design and Architecture' coined?
A) Late 1980s
B) Mid 1970s
C) Late 1990s
D) Early 2000s
  • 30. Where is the Marika Alderton House located?
A) Halls Gap, Victoria
B) Yirrkala, Northern Territory
C) Perth, Western Australia
D) Redfern, Sydney
  • 31. What is the Brambuk Cultural Centre's location?
A) Derby, Western Australia
B) Halls Gap, Victoria
C) Bathurst, New South Wales
D) Tennant Creek, Northern Territory
  • 32. Which of these is explicitly listed as a notable project in the text?
A) Sydney Opera House
B) Parliament House
C) The National Gallery of Australia
D) West Kimberley Regional Prison
  • 33. What is the Kurongkurl Katitjin Centre associated with?
A) University of Melbourne
B) University of Newcastle
C) Edith Cowan University
D) University of Sydney
  • 34. What is the primary term for the design methodology that focuses on the Indigenous experience of Country?
A) Modernist urban design
B) Universal design
C) Country-centred design
D) Colonial design
  • 35. Which of these individuals is identified as a prominent Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander practitioner?
A) Sarah Lynn Rees
B) Paul Pholeros
C) Elizabeth Grant
D) Timothy O'Rourke
  • 36. What is the standard housing form of the Iroquois society?
A) Tipi
B) Igloo
C) Longhouse
D) Pit house
  • 37. What are the remains of pit houses in British Columbia known as?
A) Wickiup ruins
B) Quiggly holes
C) Longhouse pits
D) Igloo foundations
  • 38. What primary material did the Haida use for their large square houses?
A) Whale bones
B) Red cedar planks
C) Animal hides
D) Snow blocks
  • 39. What decorative element was often placed at the front of a Haida six beam house?
A) A stone statue
B) A garden arch
C) A heraldric pole
D) A totem pole made of ice
  • 40. What material did the Thule use to build house frames due to a lack of wood?
A) Saplings
B) Whale bones
C) Bison hides
D) Red cedar
  • 41. Which of these is a prominent researcher of Indigenous architecture?
A) Paul Memmott
B) Rueben Berg
C) Craig Kerslake
D) Linda Kennedy
  • 42. Which cultural region is associated with the development of the igloo?
A) Southern Ontario
B) The Canadian Prairies
C) The far north
D) The Interior of British Columbia
  • 43. What unintended consequence resulted from the drop in infant mortality during the 1950s and 1960s?
A) Exacerbated overcrowding
B) A decline in farming
C) Increased migration to rural areas
D) A shortage of food supplies
  • 44. Who was the first First Nations woman to become a Canadian architect?
A) Wanda Dalla Costa
B) Patrick Stewart
C) Ryan Walker
D) Brian Porter
  • 45. Who is the first Indigenous Director of a school of architecture in Canada?
A) Alfred Waugh
B) Douglas Cardinal
C) Étienne Gaboury
D) David Fortin
  • 46. In what city is the First Nations University located?
A) Gatineau
B) Vancouver
C) Winnipeg
D) Regina
  • 47. Which of these is listed as a prominent practitioner of Indigenous architecture?
A) Wanda Dalla Costa
B) David Fortin
C) Ryan Walker
D) Douglas Cardinal
  • 48. Where is the Hôtel-Musée Premières Nations located?
A) Vancouver
B) Wendake
C) Thunder Bay
D) Winnipeg
  • 49. What shape were the houses in Old Fiji?
A) Rectangular
B) Triangular
C) Square
D) Circular
  • 50. What type of roofs did the houses in Old Fiji have?
A) Gabled
B) Flat
C) Pyramid-like
D) Domed
  • 51. What were the walls and roofs of traditional Fijian houses thatched with?
A) Clay
B) Plants
C) Metal
D) Stone
  • 52. What was planted nearby the Spirit houses?
A) Scented flora
B) Fruit trees
C) Thorny bushes
D) Vegetables
  • 53. How did the houses of Chiefs differ from subjects' houses in Old Fiji?
A) They were set higher
B) They lacked roofs
C) They were round
D) They were made of brick
  • 54. What has replaced the traditional Spirit houses (Bure Kalou) in modern Fiji?
A) Schools
B) Government offices
C) Shopping malls
D) Churches
  • 55. How does the evolution of rural architecture compare to urban architecture in Fiji?
A) They are evolving at the same rate
B) Rural areas are evolving at a slower rate
C) Rural areas have stopped evolving
D) Rural areas are evolving faster
  • 56. What is the name of the Chief's hut in traditional Kanak architecture?
A) La Flèche Case
B) Le Clan Case
C) Le Petit Case
D) La Grande Case
  • 57. Which type of wood is the central pole of a Grande Case typically made from?
A) Houp wood
B) Pine wood
C) Oak wood
D) Palm wood
  • 58. What are the carved door posts flanking the entrance of a hut called?
A) Katana
B) Behno
C) Kanak
D) Ixoe
  • 59. What does the face on the flèche faîtière represent?
A) A bad spirit
B) The clan's protector
C) The living chief
D) The ancestor
  • 60. Which plant is used for the woven mats inside the hut?
A) Pandanus leaf
B) Banana leaf
C) Coconut leaf
D) Houp wood strips
  • 61. What is the name for the mattress of coconut leaves used in the huts?
A) Behno
B) Katana
C) Grande Case
D) Ixoe
  • 62. Who designed the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre?
A) Alban Bensa
B) Jean-Marie Tjibaou
C) Paul Vincent
D) Renzo Piano
  • 63. How many conical pavilions are contained in the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre?
A) Ten
B) Eight
C) Twelve
D) Thirty-four
  • 64. What type of timber was used for the construction of the huts at the cultural centre?
A) Cedar
B) Iroko
C) Pine
D) Oak
  • 65. How many customary areas are there in Kanak society?
A) Eight
B) Fifty-seven
C) Four
D) Ten
  • 66. Where is the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre located?
A) New Caledonia mountain range
B) Nouméa City Center
C) A remote tribal village
D) Tinu Peninsula
  • 67. What mythological figure does the pathway at the Cultural Centre represent?
A) The god of the lagoon
B) Téâ Kanaké
C) A French explorer
D) The first tribal chief
  • 68. When was the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre opened?
A) 1998
B) 1989
C) 2005
D) 1853
  • 69. How many tribes are there in the Kanak society?
A) 341
B) 4,000
C) 57
D) 8
  • 70. What is the primary architectural inspiration for the pavilions at the Cultural Centre?
A) Oceanic boat structures
B) Colonial French architecture
C) Traditional Kanak Grand Hut
D) Modern industrial warehouses
  • 71. Who was the anthropologist involved in the building workshops of the cultural centre?
A) Alban Bensa
B) Jean-Marie Tjibaou
C) Paul Vincent
D) Renzo Piano
  • 72. Which material was commonly used for roofing in traditional Māori construction?
A) Clay tiles
B) Palm fronds
C) Metal sheets
D) Totara-bark shingles
  • 73. What was the purpose of a kāuta?
A) Storage of fishing nets
B) Carved meeting house
C) Sleeping house
D) Cooking house
  • 74. What does the tāhuhu ridge beam represent in a wharenui?
A) Ribs
B) Backbone
C) Head
D) Heart
  • 75. Which term describes the pole-mounted storage shelters used for valuable items?
A) Kāuta
B) Pātaka
C) Whare puni
D) Marae
  • 76. What is the function of the poutokomanawa in a wharenui?
A) It represents the heart
B) It functions as a storage rack
C) It acts as the front door
D) It supports the roof as a ridge beam
  • 77. What are the raparapa of the maihi interpreted as?
A) Hair
B) Fingers
C) Eyes
D) Toes
  • 78. What is the whare-whakairo primarily known as?
A) Ancestor tomb
B) Fish drying rack
C) Sleeping hut
D) Carved meeting house
  • 79. Which ancestor is said to have established the tradition of whare whakairo?
A) A local chief from the North Island central plateau
B) Ruatepupuke
C) A Polynesian navigator from Tahiti
D) A mythological figure who created the moon
  • 80. How are the heke rafters of a wharenui interpreted?
A) As lungs
B) As arms
C) As fingers
D) As ribs
  • 81. What was the typical size of a standard whare puni?
A) 2 metres x 3 metres
B) 5 metres x 5 metres
C) 10 metres x 10 metres
D) 1 metre x 2 metres
  • 82. Why were some whare in the North Island central plateau partly sunk into the ground?
A) For better insulation
B) To provide extra storage space
C) To honor the earth deity
D) To hide from enemies
  • 83. What is the traditional Palauan meeting house called?
A) Kamalig
B) Bahay Kubo
C) Batalan
D) Bai
  • 84. Which of these is the oldest bai in Palau?
A) Elders' Bai
B) Koror Bai
C) Ancient Bai
D) Airai Bai
  • 85. What is the Tagalog term for the area beneath a Bahay Kubo?
A) Bubungan
B) Silong
C) Ventanilla
D) Kisame
  • 86. Which individual is listed as an indigenous architecture researcher?
A) Elisapeta Heta
B) John Scott
C) Rewi Thompson
D) Elsdon Best
  • 87. What are 'ventanillas' in the context of Philippine architecture?
A) Smaller windows underneath larger ones
B) Wall dividers made of bamboo
C) Traditional floor mats
D) Roof vents for smoke
  • 88. Which term describes houses made of stone adapted from the Bahay Kubo style?
A) Bahay na Bato
B) Batalan
C) Kamalig
D) Nipa Hut
  • 89. What is the 'Kisame' in a Bahay Kubo?
A) The floor
B) The wall frame
C) The ceiling
D) The window frame
  • 90. Which of these is a listed practitioner of indigenous architecture?
A) Fleur Palmer
B) Jade Kake
C) Elsdon Best
D) Deidre Brown
  • 91. What is the term used for the traditional lands of the Sámi people?
A) Nordland
B) Scandia
C) Arcticus
D) Sápmi
  • 92. Where are the Sámi people recognized as the only Indigenous people?
A) Canada
B) Scandinavia
C) Russia
D) Greenland
  • 93. What is the primary visual difference between a lavvu and a goahti at the top?
A) Lavvu poles meet, goahti poles remain separate
B) Lavvu poles are wood, goahti poles are stone
C) Lavvu has a chimney, goahti has an open hole
D) Lavvu is square, goahti is circular
  • 94. Which of the following is NOT required for the stability of a lavvu?
A) Straight poles
B) Size and quantity of poles
C) Three forked poles
D) Guy-wire
  • 95. How many center poles are needed to support a traditional lavvu structure?
A) Three
B) Zero
C) One
D) Two
  • 96. What shape describes the typical lavvu structure?
A) Circular
B) Rectangular
C) Hexagonal
D) Elongated
  • 97. What is another common nickname for the tent version of the goahti?
A) Turf shelter
B) Bread box lavvu
C) Arctic dome
D) Reindeer hut
  • 98. How many curved poles are used in the interior construction of a goahti?
A) Six
B) Two
C) Four
D) Eight
  • 99. At what angle do the curved poles of a goahti typically bend?
A) 90°
B) 130°
C) 45°
D) 180°
  • 100. What is the primary material used to cover a modern goahti?
A) Canvas
B) Plastic sheeting
C) Heavy wool felt
D) Reindeer leather
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