Catalysis

1. Catalysis is a fundamental process in chemistry that involves the acceleration of chemical reactions by a substance known as a catalyst. Catalysts are substances that facilitate reactions by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy, thus increasing the rate of reaction without being consumed in the process. Catalysis plays a crucial role in various industrial processes, such as the production of fuels, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. It enables the efficient and sustainable production of desired products while minimizing energy consumption and waste generation. In addition to industrial applications, catalysis also plays a key role in biological systems, where enzymes act as biological catalysts to regulate and accelerate biochemical reactions within living organisms. Overall, catalysis is a versatile and indispensable tool that enhances the efficiency and selectivity of chemical transformations in both synthetic and natural processes.

What is catalysis?

A) The process of slowing down a chemical reaction by adding a catalyst
B) The process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst
C) The process of changing the products back into reactants using a catalyst
D) The process of changing the reactants into products without a catalyst

2. What is a catalyst?

A) A substance that slows down a chemical reaction by participating in the reaction
B) A substance that is consumed in a reaction and prevents the reaction from occurring
C) A substance that changes the products into reactants in a chemical reaction
D) A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction

3. Enzymes are biological catalysts. What are enzymes typically composed of?

A) Lipids
B) Carbohydrates
C) Nucleic acids
D) Proteins

4. What is the role of an enzyme in catalyzing a reaction?

A) Changing the equilibrium constant to favor product formation
B) Slowing down the reaction by increasing the activation energy
C) Increasing the overall energy change of the reaction
D) Lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur

5. What is meant by the term 'turnover number' in catalysis?

A) The number of substrate molecules converted into product by one molecule of catalyst
B) The equilibrium constant of a catalyzed reaction
C) The time required for a catalyst to start working
D) The energy change in a catalytic reaction

6. Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzyme catalysis?

A) Efficiency
B) Irreversibility
C) Regulation
D) Specificity

7. Why are catalysts important in sustainable chemistry?

A) They enable efficient use of resources and energy in chemical processes
B) They hinder the development of green technologies
C) They increase the environmental impact of chemical reactions
D) They speed up all reactions regardless of their impact

8. What is the term used to describe a catalyst that speeds up a reaction without being consumed?

A) Chemical catalyst
B) Homogeneous catalyst
C) Biological catalyst
D) Heterogeneous catalyst

9. What is an autocatalytic reaction?

A) A reaction that involves multiple catalysts
B) A reaction where one of the products acts as a catalyst for the reaction
C) A reaction that is catalyzed by enzymes only
D) A reaction that requires no catalyst for completion

10. How do catalysts affect the rate of a reaction?

A) By changing the equilibrium constant of the reaction
B) By providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy
C) By increasing the overall energy change of the reaction
D) By slowing down the reaction to ensure complete conversion

11. What is the main difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis?

A) Heterogeneous catalysts are only used in biological systems
B) Homogeneous catalysis involves enzymes, while heterogeneous catalysis does not
C) Homogeneous catalysis occurs in the same phase as the reactants, while heterogeneous catalysis occurs in a different phase
D) Homogeneous catalysts are more expensive than heterogeneous catalysts

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