 - 1. What commercial section was destroyed according to the text?
A) Okmulgee
B) Gurley's Hotel
C) Cleaver Hall
D) Greenwood
- 2. How many businesses were included in the property losses of Greenwood?
A) 1,256
B) 215
C) 191
D) 10,000
- 3. According to the Red Cross, how many houses were burned?
A) 85
B) 1,256
C) 215
D) 191
- 4. According to the Red Cross, how many houses were looted but not burned?
A) 215
B) 1,256
C) 191
D) 250
- 5. What was the estimated real estate property loss in US dollars according to the Tulsa Real Estate Exchange?
A) $1.8 million
B) $750,000
C) $41 million
D) $1.5 million
- 6. What was the estimated personal property loss in US dollars according to the Tulsa Real Estate Exchange?
A) $1.8 million
B) $32 million
C) $1.5 million
D) $750,000
- 7. What is the equivalent value in 2025 of the total property losses estimated by the Tulsa Real Estate Exchange?
A) $1.5 million
B) $32 million
C) $1.8 million
D) $41 million
- 8. How many people were estimated to have been made homeless by the destruction, according to the December 1921 Red Cross report?
A) 10,000
B) 250
C) 1,256
D) 191
- 9. How much in riot-related claims against the city were filed by local citizens over the next year?
A) US$1.5 million
B) $750,000
C) $41 million
D) More than US$1.8 million
- 10. What is the 2025 equivalent value of the riot-related claims filed against the city?
A) $1.5 million
B) $1.8 million
C) $32 million
D) $41 million
- 11. Who was the deputy sheriff interviewed by the Morning Tulsa Daily World on June 3?
A) Barney Cleaver
B) Sargent Prentiss Freeling
C) W. Valjean Biddison
D) James B. A. Robertson
- 12. For which county was Barney Cleaver a deputy sheriff?
A) Tulsa County
B) Okmulgee County
C) Greenwood County
D) Oklahoma County
- 13. Why had Barney Cleaver previously been dismissed as a city police investigator?
A) For refusing to enforce the law among colored people
B) For assisting county officers with a drug raid at Gurley's Hotel without reporting it
C) For evicting armed criminals from his property
D) For owning Cleaver Hall
- 14. What was the name of Barney Cleaver's large community gathering place and function hall?
A) Cleaver Hall
B) Tulsa Real Estate Exchange
C) Gurley's Hotel
D) Union Station
- 15. Who offered to build Barney Cleaver a new home?
A) Loyal J. Martin
B) W. Valjean Biddison
C) Charles Page
D) Buck Colbert Franklin
- 16. Who was named by Cleaver as the leader of the armed blacks?
A) Peg Leg Taylor
B) Will Robinson
C) O.W. Gurley
D) R.L. Osborne
- 17. Who was the owner of Gurley's Hotel?
A) Barney Cleaver
B) O.W. Gurley
C) Will Robinson
D) Charles Page
- 18. When was the Public Safety Committee reported to have been established by the Associated Press?
A) December 1921
B) By June 6
C) June 8
D) June 3
- 19. How many white men made up the citizens' Public Safety Committee?
A) 250
B) 85
C) 27
D) 1,000
- 20. What was the name of the white man shot and killed on June 6 after failing to stop for a National Guardsman?
A) W. Valjean Biddison
B) Barney Cleaver
C) Loyal J. Martin
D) R.L. Osborne
- 21. Who was the Governor of Oklahoma who went to Tulsa during the riot to ensure order was restored?
A) Loyal J. Martin
B) W. Valjean Biddison
C) Sargent Prentiss Freeling
D) James B. A. Robertson
- 22. Which judge stated that the grand jury investigation would begin on June 8?
A) Loyal J. Martin
B) James B. A. Robertson
C) Buck Colbert Franklin
D) W. Valjean Biddison
- 23. Who initiated the state investigation as the State Attorney General?
A) James B. A. Robertson
B) Sargent Prentiss Freeling
C) Loyal J. Martin
D) W. Valjean Biddison
- 24. Over how many days were witnesses heard during the state investigation?
A) 12 days
B) 25 days
C) 3 days
D) 2 months
- 25. Who did the all-white jury ultimately attribute the riot to?
A) The National Guard
B) The black mobs
C) The Public Safety Committee
D) The Red Cross
- 26. How many total cases were brought before the court as a result of the grand jury investigation?
A) 85 cases
B) 27 cases
C) 215 cases
D) 191 cases
- 27. How many individuals were indicted by the jury?
A) 1,000 individuals
B) More than 85 individuals
C) 250 individuals
D) 27 individuals
- 28. How many people were convicted of charges for deaths, injuries, or property damage?
A) 85 people
B) 250 people
C) 27 people
D) No one
- 29. When did a group of over 1,000 businessmen and civic leaders meet to form a committee to aid in rebuilding Greenwood?
A) June 3
B) June 6
C) June 9
D) June 8
- 30. Who was chosen as the chairman of the group of businessmen and civic leaders formed to aid in rebuilding Greenwood?
A) Buck Colbert Franklin
B) Loyal J. Martin
C) Sargent Prentiss Freeling
D) Charles Page
- 31. What was Loyal J. Martin's former position in Tulsa?
A) Judge
B) Deputy Sheriff
C) Governor
D) Mayor
- 32. Where did many black families spend the winter of 1921–1922?
A) In Cleaver Hall
B) In tents
C) In newly rebuilt houses
D) In Gurley's Hotel
- 33. Who litigated and appealed the discriminatory fire ordinance to the Oklahoma Supreme Court?
A) Loyal J. Martin
B) Barney Cleaver
C) James B. A. Robertson
D) Buck Colbert Franklin
- 34. What court ruled the fire ordinance designed to prevent black people from rebuilding unconstitutional?
A) Oklahoma Supreme Court
B) The Public Safety Committee
C) The Grand Jury
D) The Reconstruction Committee
- 35. Who was the regional director of the Red Cross who noted the struggle of black residents to rebuild?
A) W. Valjean Biddison
B) Charles Page
C) Barney Cleaver
D) Willows
- 36. What committee was formed after the dissolution of the Public Welfare Committee and failed to formulate a single plan?
A) The Tulsa Real Estate Exchange
B) The Reconstruction Committee
C) The Citizens' Committee
D) The Public Safety Committee
- 37. What is the date of the elevator encounter mentioned in the text?
A) May 31, 1921
B) April 30, 1921
C) May 30, 1920
D) May 30, 1921
- 38. How old was Dick Rowland at the time of the event?
A) 18
B) 19
C) 21
D) 25
- 39. What was Dick Rowland's occupation?
A) Elevator operator
B) Store clerk
C) Shoeshiner
D) Police officer
- 40. Where was Dick Rowland employed?
A) The Drexel Building
B) Renberg's clothing store
C) A Main Street shine parlor
D) The Tulsa County Courthouse
- 41. In which building did the elevator incident occur?
A) Greenwood courthouse
B) Tulsa City Jail
C) Renberg's
D) Drexel Building
- 42. What is the address of the Drexel Building?
A) 400 South Main Street
B) Greenwood Avenue
C) First Street and Main Street
D) 319 South Main Street
- 43. Where was the 'colored' restroom located in the Drexel Building?
A) Second floor
B) Basement
C) Top floor
D) First floor
- 44. How old was Sarah Page?
A) 21
B) 19
C) 23
D) 20
- 45. What was Sarah Page's job?
A) Store clerk
B) Elevator operator
C) Detective
D) Shoeshiner
- 46. Where was Renberg's clothing store located within the Drexel Building?
A) Basement
B) Second floor
C) First floor
D) Top floor
- 47. What is considered the most common explanation for the incident involving Rowland and Page?
A) They had a violent physical fight
B) Rowland tripped and grabbed Page's arm to catch his fall
C) Page attacked Rowland
D) Rowland attempted to rob Page
- 48. What holiday was being observed on the day of the elevator incident?
A) Veterans Day
B) Labor Day
C) Independence Day
D) Memorial Day
- 49. According to the 2001 Oklahoma Commission Final Report, why was Page required to work on Memorial Day?
A) To operate the store downstairs
B) To transport employees and families to parade viewing spots
C) To clean the Drexel Building
D) To guard the building
- 50. Who questioned Sarah Page after the incident?
A) The 2001 Oklahoma Commission
B) J. M. Adkison
C) Henry Carmichael
D) The police
- 51. On what date was Dick Rowland located and detained?
A) May 31, 1921
B) May 29, 1921
C) May 30, 1921
D) June 1, 1921
- 52. Who located and detained Dick Rowland on Greenwood Avenue?
A) Sarah Page and a police officer
B) J. M. Adkison and a store clerk
C) Henry Carmichael and Henry C. Pack
D) Renberg's clerk and Henry Carmichael
- 53. What was Henry Carmichael's profession?
A) White detective
B) Police Commissioner
C) Store clerk
D) Black patrolman
- 54. Why was Rowland well known among city attorneys and legal professionals?
A) Because he was a clerk at Renberg's
B) Because he worked at the courthouse
C) Through his work as a shoeshiner
D) Because he was a criminal suspect
- 55. What type of investigation did the police conduct regarding the elevator incident?
A) Undercover sting operation
B) Massive manhunt
C) Public trial
D) Low-key investigation
- 56. How many people were officially recorded as dead by the Oklahoma Bureau of Vital Statistics?
A) More than 800 people
B) 36 people
C) 300 people
D) 12 people
- 57. Approximately how many armed black men arrived at the jail to support the sheriff in defending Dick Rowland?
A) Several hundred
B) 10 to 15
C) 50–60
D) Over 1,000
- 58. When was the final report of the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 published?
A) 1997
B) 2002
C) 2010
D) 2001
- 59. When did Oklahoma become a state?
A) November 16, 1907
B) August 12, 1921
C) August 4, 1916
D) May 31, 1921
- 60. What type of laws were passed as the first order of business by the newly created state legislature of Oklahoma?
A) Reparations laws
B) Voting Rights Acts
C) Jim Crow laws
D) Martial law decrees
- 61. When was Tulsa's residential segregation ordinance passed?
A) August 4, 1916
B) August 12, 1921
C) May 31, 1921
D) November 16, 1907
- 62. Out of the people lynched in Oklahoma by 1921, how many were black?
A) 13
B) 50
C) 26
D) 31
- 63. When did Booker T. Washington tour Arkansas, Indian Territory, and Oklahoma, inspiring the organization of Greenwood?
A) 1921
B) 1906
C) 1905
D) 1915
- 64. In what year was the Greenwood district in Tulsa organized?
A) 1905
B) 1916
C) 1906
D) 1921
- 65. According to the Tulsa Reparations Coalition examination in 2001, how many total deaths were identified?
A) 39 people
B) 800 people
C) 300 people
D) 36 people
- 66. Which US President did delegates fear would veto the 1907 Oklahoma Constitution if it included strict segregation?
A) Sarah Page
B) Dick Rowland
C) Booker T. Washington
D) Theodore Roosevelt
- 67. What term described the severe race riots that occurred across the Midwest and Northeast in 1919?
A) Black Wall Street
B) The Tulsa race massacre
C) Jim Crow era
D) Red Summer
- 68. When were Oklahoma schools required to start teaching students about the massacre?
A) 2001
B) 2002
C) 1997
D) 2020
- 69. Who owned, published, and edited The Tulsa Tribune?
A) Willard M. McCullough
B) Richard Lloyd Jones
C) James Patton
D) Scott Ellsworth
- 70. How was the news-writing style of The Tulsa Tribune described at the time?
A) Sensationalist
B) Objective
C) Academic
D) Conservative
- 71. When did the Tulsa Race Riot Commission offer a reward for a copy of the disputed editorial?
A) 1920
B) 2000
C) 1921
D) 1997
- 72. What was the name of the white murder suspect lynched in Tulsa in 1920?
A) W. G. Daggs
B) Roy Belton
C) O. W. Gurley
D) Rowland
- 73. Who prepared for a battle by collecting guns and ammunition at Gurley's Hotel?
A) The sheriff's deputies
B) Chief James Patton and his detectives
C) Older, more prosperous men
D) Young World War I veterans
- 74. Where did some white individuals head to arm themselves after leaving the courthouse?
A) The First Presbyterian Church
B) The local police station
C) The National Guard armory
D) The Frisco Tracks
- 75. Who was the Chief of Police who later claimed he tried to talk the crowd into going home?
A) Charles W. Kerr
B) James Bell
C) John A. Gustafson
D) Rowland
- 76. What did many white men mistakenly interpret the armed black men's surveillance actions as?
A) A 'Negro uprising'
B) A police patrol
C) A military invasion
D) A peaceful protest
- 77. What did eyewitnesses report increasing in frequency during the evening?
A) Church bells
B) Gunshots
C) Sirens
D) Fires
- 78. Approximately how many armed black men went to the courthouse shortly after 10 p.m. to offer support?
A) 12
B) 75
C) 2,000
D) 300
- 79. Who declined the help offered by the second group of armed black men at the courthouse?
A) The Chief of Police
B) Major Bell
C) Reverend Charles W. Kerr
D) The sheriff
- 80. How many black individuals died in the initial exchange of gunfire?
A) 10
B) 2
C) 6
D) 12
- 81. Whose granddaughter passed on the firsthand account told by Eloise Taylor Butler?
A) Eloise's mother
B) Reverend Kerr's granddaughter
C) Major Bell's daughter
D) Eloise's great-granddaughter
- 82. Who was Eloise Taylor Butler the daughter of?
A) Chief John A. Gustafson
B) "Peg Leg" Taylor
C) Major James Bell
D) Reverend Charles W. Kerr
- 83. What street is mentioned as being on Greenwood's side of the Frisco Tracks, possibly explaining why shops there were targeted first out of convenience?
A) Archer
B) Norfolk Avenue
C) Sixth Street
D) Greenwood Avenue
- 84. How long was the first 'battle' said to last?
A) A few seconds or so
B) About one hour
C) Nearly ten minutes
D) The entire night
- 85. Where were many bystanders coming from when they were caught off guard?
A) The courthouse
B) A local store
C) The armory
D) A movie theater
- 86. Which local organization joined in on patrols of the streets alongside the National Guard?
A) Police Department
B) Greenwood Security Force
C) Oklahoma Historical Society
D) American Legion
- 87. Around what time did a small crowd of whites assemble outside the courthouse?
A) 1 a.m.
B) 11 p.m.
C) 10 p.m.
D) Midnight
- 88. What items did white rioters throw into several buildings along Archer Street?
A) Boxes of ammunition
B) Incendiary grenades
C) Molotov cocktails
D) Lighted oil rags
- 89. What did Hirsch say the sound at daybreak actually was?
A) A church bell
B) A gunshot
C) A siren
D) An alarm
- 90. Where did a white man step out from before being fatally shot by a sniper?
A) From a moving train
B) Behind Mount Zion Baptist Church
C) From a detention center
D) Behind the Frisco depot
- 91. How many caskets full of rifles were purportedly delivered to the church?
A) Fifty
B) Twenty
C) Ten
D) Five
- 92. What vehicles did numerous eyewitnesses describe white assailants carrying out attacks with?
A) Airplanes
B) Steamboats
C) Automobiles
D) Trains
- 93. Where were the privately owned aircraft dispatched from?
A) Tulsa International Airport
B) Oklahoma City Airfield
C) Curtiss-Southwest Field
D) Mid-Way Municipal Field
- 94. What objects were dropped from the planes onto buildings like an office building, hotel, and gas station?
A) Burning turpentine balls
B) Explosive sticks of dynamite
C) Glass bottles filled with acid
D) Heavy iron cannonballs
- 95. What substance did newspapers targeted at black readers heavily report being used from the planes?
A) Gasoline
B) Kerosene
C) Nitroglycerin
D) Gunpowder
- 96. Which state representative dissented from the evidence presented in the report and concluded bombs were dropped?
A) Richard S. Warner
B) Beryl Ford
C) Don Ross
D) Danney Goble
- 97. In what year was a previously unknown written eyewitness account by Buck Colbert Franklin discovered?
A) 1941
B) 1999
C) 2015
D) 1921
- 98. What weapons did Franklin report seeing being fired at night?
A) Multiple machine guns
B) Mortar shells
C) Flame throwers
D) Mounted cannons
- 99. When was state representative Don Ross born?
A) 1921
B) 1941
C) 1912
D) 1955
- 100. How many troops accompanied Adjutant General Barrett from Oklahoma City?
A) 150 troops
B) 50 troops
C) 109 troops
D) 1,000 troops
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