Islamic geometric patterns - Quiz
Islamic geometric patterns
  • 1. What two basic shapes are Islamic designs typically built on?
A) Squares and circles
B) Trapezoids and crescents
C) Ovals and diamonds
D) Triangles and rectangles
  • 2. How are squares and circles usually arranged in Islamic designs?
A) Graduated, mirrored and inverted
B) Scattered, cropped and faded
C) Repeated, overlapped and interlaced
D) Stacked, separated and aligned
  • 3. What is a recurring motif often seen in Islamic tilework?
A) 10-pointed star
B) 6-pointed star
C) 5-pointed star
D) 8-pointed star
  • 4. How is the 8-pointed star constructed?
A) Three intersecting circles
B) Two squares, one rotated 45 degrees
C) Two equilateral triangles overlapping
D) Four diamonds joined at the center
  • 5. What is the fourth basic shape mentioned in Islamic patterns alongside squares, circles, and stars?
A) Helix
B) Ellipse
C) Polygon
D) Parabola
  • 6. Which specific polygons are mentioned as part of the fourth basic shape category?
A) Decagons and dodecagons
B) Pentagons and octagons
C) Scalene and isosceles triangles
D) Hexagons and heptagons
  • 7. What variety of symmetries can be formed by combining and reworking these shapes?
A) Projections and inversions
B) Reflections and rotations
C) Asymmetry and distortion
D) Translations and scaling only
  • 8. What do Islamic patterns resemble when seen as mathematical tessellations?
A) They represent strict numerical sequences
B) They mimic biological cell structures
C) They can extend indefinitely to suggest infinity
D) They form closed finite loops
  • 9. What tools are required to draw the grids on which these patterns are constructed?
A) Calligraphy pen and ink
B) Ruler and compass
C) Protractor and set square
D) Computer software and a plotter
  • 10. Who argues that such constructions are in effect algorithms?
A) An unnamed Spanish historian
B) Mohammed Ali
C) Roman Verostko
D) Ernest Hanbury Hankin
  • 11. What did Roman Verostko consider Islamic geometric patterns to be forerunners of?
A) Industrial machine weaving
B) Renaissance perspective painting
C) Classical Greek architecture
D) Modern algorithmic art
  • 12. What does the circle symbolize in the context of Islamic patterns?
A) Power and divine authority
B) Unity and diversity in nature
C) Perfection and closed borders
D) Infinity and eternal time
  • 13. Where is the 15th-century mosque whose decoration is based on a circle divided into six?
A) Sikandra, India
B) Istanbul, Turkey
C) Yazd, Persia
D) Granada, Spain
  • 14. How many smaller circles are drawn around the central circle in the Yazd mosque decoration?
A) Six
B) Four
C) Twelve
D) Eight
  • 15. What shape is formed by the circles touching their neighbors' centers in the Yazd mosque design?
A) Square
B) Equilateral triangle
C) Regular octagon
D) Regular hexagon
  • 16. What basic star pattern is constructed on the basis of the six circles in Yazd?
A) Twelve-pointed star surrounded by triangles
B) Six-pointed star surrounded by six smaller irregular hexagons
C) Eight-pointed star surrounded by squares
D) Five-pointed star surrounded by pentagons
  • 17. How is the basic design outlined on the wall of the mosque in Yazd?
A) In black ink
B) In blue
C) In white
D) In gold leaf
  • 18. What is overlaid on the basic design at the Yazd mosque?
A) A red geometric border of bricks
B) An intersecting tracery in blue around tiles of other colours
C) A golden lattice of carved wood
D) A plaster molding of floral motifs
  • 19. What modern logo is based on a similar design to the Yazd mosque decoration?
A) The Mohammed Ali Research Center
B) The Topkapı Scroll
C) The Sikandra Tomb
D) The Alhambra Palace
  • 20. Who was one of the early Western students of Islamic patterns?
A) Mohammed Ali
B) Ernest Hanbury Hankin
C) An unnamed Spanish mathematician
D) Roman Verostko
  • 21. How did Ernest Hanbury Hankin define a 'geometrical arabesque'?
A) A mosaic made exclusively of circular ceramic tiles
B) A design created entirely from freehand curved brushstrokes
C) A pattern formed with the help of construction lines consisting of polygons in contact
D) A repeating script of Arabic calligraphy
  • 22. According to Hankin, what condition must residual spaces meet when using different combinations of polygons?
A) They must be reasonably symmetrical
B) They must remain entirely empty
C) They must form perfect circles
D) They must be completely filled with gold
  • 23. What shape forms the residual spaces in a grid of octagons in contact?
A) Pentagons
B) Hexagons
C) Squares
D) Triangles
  • 24. Where can an 8-point star based on an octagon grid be seen?
A) Akbar's tomb, Sikandra
B) The Topkapı Scroll
C) The Alhambra palace
D) The Yazd mosque
  • 25. When was Akbar's tomb in Sikandra built?
A) 1480–1520
B) 1605–1613
C) 1800–1810
D) 1400–1450
  • 26. What did Hankin consider astounding regarding Arabian artists?
A) Their talent for mixing chemical blue pigments
B) Their ability to weave silk carpets without a loom
C) Their speed in carving stone arches
D) Their skill in discovering suitable combinations of polygons
  • 27. According to Hankin, how much of a star should be shown if it occurs in a corner?
A) Exactly one half
B) Exactly one third
C) Exactly one quarter
D) The entire star
  • 28. According to Hankin, how much of a star should be shown if it occurs along an edge?
A) Exactly one quarter
B) Exactly three quarters
C) Exactly one half
D) The entire star
  • 29. Where and when was the Topkapı Scroll made?
A) Mughal India in the early 17th century
B) Timurid dynasty Iran in the late-15th century or beginning of the 16th century
C) Safavid Persia in the 18th century
D) Nasrid Granada in the 14th century
  • 30. How many patterns does the Topkapı Scroll contain?
A) 6
B) 5
C) 114
D) 17
  • 31. What types of designs are included in the Topkapı Scroll?
A) Diagrams of textile weaving and carpet knots
B) Coloured designs for girih tilings and muqarnas quarter or semidomes
C) Monochrome blueprints for stone arches and minarets
D) Sketches of floral wallpaper groups
  • 32. Where is the Alhambra palace located?
A) Yazd, Persia
B) Istanbul, Turkey
C) Sikandra, India
D) Granada, Spain
  • 33. What has been extensively studied regarding the Alhambra palace?
A) The mathematical properties of its decorative tile and stucco patterns
B) The agricultural yield of its gardens
C) The hydraulic system of its fountains
D) The acoustic engineering of its throne room
  • 34. What claim have some authors made regarding wallpaper groups at the Alhambra palace?
A) They found only 5 wallpaper groups there
B) They found most or all of the 17 wallpaper groups there
C) They found zero repeating symmetry groups there
D) They proved wallpaper groups were not used there
  • 35. On what grounds are the claims about finding all 17 wallpaper groups at the Alhambra made?
A) Mathematical proof
B) Direct historical documentation
C) Scientific certainty
D) Dubious grounds
  • 36. During which centuries does Moroccan geometric woodwork date from according to the text?
A) 15th to 20th centuries
B) 10th to 12th centuries
C) 14th to 19th centuries
D) 12th to 16th centuries
  • 37. How many wallpaper groups are mainly used in Moroccan geometric woodwork?
A) 8
B) 12
C) 17
D) 5
  • 38. Which wallpaper groups are mainly used in Moroccan geometric woodwork?
A) p4gm and p1mm
B) p6mm and p2mm
C) p4mm and c2mm
D) cmmm and pmg2
  • 39. Which wallpaper groups are used occasionally in Moroccan geometric woodwork?
A) p4gm and p31m
B) p4mm and c2mm
C) p6mm and p2mm
D) pmm and pmg
  • 40. Which wallpaper group is used rarely in Moroccan geometric woodwork?
A) p4mm
B) c2mm
C) p4gm
D) p6mm
  • 41. What method of construction is claimed to be able to generate all 17 wallpaper groups in Moroccan woodwork?
A) The Topkapı compass method
B) The 'Hasba' (measure) method
C) The Verostko algorithmic method
D) The Hankin polygon grid method
  • 42. What does the 'Hasba' (measure) method of construction start with?
A) n-fold rosettes
B) Concentric circles
C) Octagon grids
D) Intersecting squares
  • 43. What is avoided in Islamic ornament due to holy scriptures?
A) Figurative images
B) Geometric shapes
C) Calligraphy
D) Plant forms
  • 44. What type of Moroccan tilework features geometric patterns?
A) Zellij
B) Girih
C) Kilim
D) Jali
  • 45. What are pierced stone screens in Islamic art called?
A) Jali
B) Girih
C) Muqarnas
D) Zellij
  • 46. Which artist in the twentieth century showed interest in Islamic geometric patterns?
A) Keith Critchlow
B) Paul Steinhardt
C) David Wade
D) M. C. Escher
E) Peter J. Lu
  • 47. What artistic feature caused an aesthetic shift toward mathematically based decoration?
A) Figurative worship
B) Aniconism
C) Naturalism
D) Calligraphy
  • 48. What does David Wade state is the aim of Islamic art of decoration?
A) Imitation
B) Preservation
C) Isolation
D) Transformation
  • 49. According to David Wade, what can decorated pages of a Qur'an become?
A) Windows onto the infinite
B) Strict moral criteria
C) Figurative representations
D) Objects of worship
  • 50. Who stated that beauty in Arabic culture was enjoyed for its own sake without commitment to religious or moral criteria?
A) David Wade
B) Doris Behrens-Abouseif
C) Keith Critchlow
D) Paul Steinhardt
  • 51. Which mosque features 6- and 8-point stars appearing in 879, marking the middle stage of Islamic geometric pattern usage?
A) Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia
B) Barsian Mosque, Persia
C) Ibn Tulun Mosque, Cairo
D) Al-Juyushi Mosque, Egypt
  • 52. When did abstract 6- and 8-point shapes appear in the Tower of Kharaqan at Qazvin, Persia?
A) 1220
B) 1086
C) 1067
D) 836
  • 53. Which structure features abstract 6- and 8-point shapes in Egypt in 1085?
A) Sultan Hassan complex
B) Abbasid palace
C) Hasan Sadaqah mausoleum
D) Al-Juyushi Mosque
  • 54. Which region was an exception to the widespread use of 10-point girih patterns?
A) Egypt
B) Persia
C) Central Asia
D) Spanish Al-Andalus
  • 55. Which mosque in Persia used sweeping 9-, 11-, and 13-point girih patterns in 1098?
A) Tower of Kharaqan
B) Barsian Mosque
C) Alâeddin Mosque
D) Jameh Mosque of Isfahan
  • 56. What type of stained glass artform is listed as making use of geometric patterns?
A) Shakaba
B) Zellij
C) Kilim
D) Muqarnas
  • 57. An unglazed earthenware water flask from which location is described as being in the shape of a vertical circle?
A) Baghdad
B) Cairo
C) Isfahan
D) Aleppo
  • 58. What decoration is found at the centre of the unglazed earthenware water flask from Aleppo?
A) A lozenge containing a square
B) An abstract 6-point star
C) A 16-point geometric rosette
D) A small 8-petalled flower
  • 59. In which type of architecture is the girih style used?
A) Roman classical architecture
B) Ancient Egyptian architecture
C) Gothic European architecture
D) Persian Islamic architecture
  • 60. Which of the following is a traditional medium for girih designs?
A) Pressed cardboard
B) Cast iron
C) Solid marble slabs
D) Cut brickwork
  • 61. What type of tilework is traditionally used for girih designs?
A) Polished granite tilework
B) Mosaic faience tilework
C) Terrazzo flooring tiles
D) Plain ceramic subway tilework
  • 62. During which historical period was girih especially applied in woodwork?
A) Abbasid golden age
B) Safavid period
C) Umayyad dynasty period
D) Ottoman Tanzimat period
  • 63. How could girih be applied in woodwork during the Safavid period?
A) As carved stone pillars
B) As painted canvas rolls
C) As woven tapestries
D) As lattice frames
  • 64. Can mosaic panels be used in both sacred and secular settings?
A) No, only in sacred buildings
B) Yes
C) No, only in secular buildings
D) No, only in military fortifications
  • 65. What is most girih design based on?
A) A set of freehand animal sketches
B) A partially hidden geometric grid
C) A completely visible organic flower vine
D) A random splash of ink
  • 66. What kind of symmetry helps the pattern fill the plane?
A) Linear gradient
B) Rotational symmetries
C) Random distortion
D) Translational asymmetry
  • 67. What is the nature of the visible pattern superimposed on the grid?
A) Asymmetrical
B) Biomorphic
C) Abstractly random
D) Geometric
  • 68. What joins the stars and convex polygons in the visible pattern?
A) Thin metal wires
B) Painted brush strokes
C) Plaster ridges
D) Straps
  • 69. Does the visible pattern coincide with the underlying construction lines of the tiling?
A) No
B) Yes, completely
C) Only in woodwork
D) Only in brickwork
  • 70. To what is the bridge between the invisible and visible analogous in Islamic culture?
A) The 'epistemological quest'
B) The military conquest strategy
C) The political leadership hierarchy
D) The economic trade system
  • 71. What are jali?
A) Flatwoven carpets
B) Embossed leather book covers
C) Pierced stone screens
D) Metal dishes
  • 72. Which architect popularised modern, simplified jali walls?
A) Sinan the Architect
B) Laurie Baker
C) Hamilton Gibb
D) Eva Baer
  • 73. What do kilim patterns often characterize?
A) Specific regions
B) The season of the year
C) Individual weavers' ages
D) The price of the carpet
  • 74. Besides being decorative, what else are kilim motifs often?
A) Numerical codes
B) Map coordinates
C) Trademarks
D) Symbolic
  • 75. When was the Palace of Shaki Khans in Azerbaijan constructed?
A) 1200
B) 1797
C) 1950
D) 1883
  • 76. What are shabaka windows framed in?
A) Stucco
B) Iron
C) Wood
D) Lead
  • 77. Where are shabaka still constructed the traditional way in the 21st century?
A) Amsterdam
B) Sheki
C) Tunisia
D) Raqqa
  • 78. Traditions of stained glass set in wooden frames survive in workshops in Iran as well as which other country?
A) Turkey
B) Yemen
C) Azerbaijan
D) Spain
  • 79. Where was a late example of stained glass made for the International Colonial Exhibition in 1883?
A) Tunisia
B) Sana'a
C) Damascus
D) Raqqa
  • 80. Where did the stained-glass technique that developed after the 12th century originate?
A) Azerbaijan
B) Spain
C) Tunisia
D) Syria
  • 81. What was applied to the surface of the glass in the post-12th century Syrian technique?
A) Stucco paste
B) Colored wax
C) Liquid gold
D) Enamel paints
  • 82. What country is the tradition of Zellij characteristic of?
A) The Netherlands
B) Turkey
C) Egypt
D) Morocco
  • 83. Who is believed by some Westerners to be the only one who can produce perfection, according to the false theory about mistakes?
A) Roger Penrose
B) Allah
C) M. C. Escher
D) The Prince of Wales
  • 84. How many objects with Islamic geometric patterns does the Victoria and Albert Museum hold at least?
A) 70
B) 5
C) 283
D) 124
  • 85. Where is the Victoria and Albert Museum located?
A) London
B) New York
C) Isfahan
D) Istanbul
  • 86. Who brought goods of many types back to Italy from the 14th century onwards, influencing Western art?
A) Venetian merchants
B) Islamic physicists
C) British tile-makers
D) Dutch artists
  • 87. Name one of the experts on Islamic geometric patterns on the panel at the 2013 Istanbul symposium.
A) Carol Bier
B) Roger Penrose
C) Ahmad Rafsanjani
D) M. C. Escher
  • 88. Which expert was also on the panel at the 2013 Istanbul symposium?
A) Paul Steinhardt
B) Peter J. Lu
C) Craig S. Kaplan
D) Jay Bonner
  • 89. Name another expert from the panel at the 2013 Istanbul symposium.
A) Eric Broug
B) Allah
C) Venetian merchant
D) Zellij craftsman
  • 90. Who else was included on the 2013 Istanbul symposium panel?
A) Roger Penrose
B) Craig S. Kaplan
C) M. C. Escher
D) Hacali Necefoğlu
  • 91. Who was the fifth expert mentioned on the 2013 Istanbul symposium panel?
A) Eric Broug
B) Jay Bonner
C) Carol Bier
D) Reza Sarhangi
  • 92. What does 'arabesque' refer to in the courses run by The Prince's School of Traditional Arts?
A) Glazed terracotta tilework
B) Quasi-periodic tilings
C) Auxetic rubber sheets
D) Vegetal forms
  • 93. Who explained and illustrated in his Ph.D. thesis how Islamic star patterns can be generated algorithmically?
A) Peter J. Lu
B) Ahmad Rafsanjani
C) Craig S. Kaplan
D) Paul Steinhardt
  • 94. Whose discoveries did the girih designs resemble, according to Lu and Steinhardt?
A) Jay Bonner
B) Roger Penrose
C) Carol Bier
D) M. C. Escher
  • 95. In what year did Roger Penrose discover his tilings?
A) 2007
B) 2013
C) 1973
D) 2016
  • 96. What shrine in Isfahan features girih designs studied by Lu and Steinhardt?
A) Darb-e Imam shrine
B) Metropolitan Museum of Art
C) Victoria and Albert Museum
D) Alhambra
  • 97. Who described the use of Islamic geometric patterns from tomb towers in Iran to create auxetic materials in 2016?
A) Paul Steinhardt
B) Peter J. Lu
C) Ahmad Rafsanjani
D) Craig S. Kaplan
  • 98. What material was used to create auxetic materials based on tomb tower patterns?
A) Perforated rubber sheets
B) Woven silk and brass
C) Glazed terracotta tiles
D) Rosewood and ebony
  • 99. How many Islamic patterns did Ahmad Rafsanjani note on the tomb towers in Iran?
A) 5
B) 70
C) 283
D) 124
  • 100. What material is NOT listed as part of the Victoria and Albert Museum's collection of Islamic patterned objects?
A) Perforated rubber
B) Woven silk
C) Ivory
D) Stucco
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