Dinosaur Park Formation - Quiz
Dinosaur Park Formation
  • 1. What is the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) The uppermost member of the Belly River Group
B) The lowermost member of the Oldman Formation
C) A low-rank coal mine in southern Saskatchewan
D) A marine shale above the Bearpaw Formation
  • 2. What is another name for the Belly River Group?
A) Judith River Group
B) Bearpaw Group
C) Western Interior Seaway
D) Oldman Group
  • 3. During which stage of the Late Cretaceous was the Dinosaur Park Formation deposited?
A) Turonian
B) Campanian
C) Maastrichtian
D) Albian
  • 4. Approximately how many million years ago was the formation deposited?
A) Between 90.5 and 88.0 million years ago
B) Between 85.0 and 80.2 million years ago
C) Between 76.5 and 74.4 million years ago
D) Between 70.1 and 65.5 million years ago
  • 5. In what environments was the Dinosaur Park Formation deposited?
A) Deep marine and abyssal environments
B) Volcanic caldera environments
C) Alluvial and coastal plain environments
D) Glacial and periglacial environments
  • 6. Which formation is directly below the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) Bearpaw Formation
B) Oldman Formation
C) Lethbridge Coal Zone
D) Judith River Formation
  • 7. Which formation is directly above the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) Belly River Formation
B) Oldman Formation
C) Bearpaw Formation
D) Milk River Formation
  • 8. What type of fossil remains are found in dense concentrations within the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) Ammonite shells
B) Mammalian teeth only
C) Pterosaur wings exclusively
D) Dinosaur skeletons
  • 9. What are dinosaur skeletons in the formation often found with?
A) Volcanic glass shards
B) Preserved remains of soft tissues
C) Meteorite fragments
D) Pure amber deposits
  • 10. Besides dinosaurs, what other animal remains are abundant in the formation?
A) Birds and bats
B) Amphibians and trilobites
C) Whales and dolphins
D) Fish, turtles, and crocodilians
  • 11. After which location is the Dinosaur Park Formation named?
A) Red Deer River Park
B) Berry Creek
C) Deadlodge Canyon
D) Dinosaur Provincial Park
  • 12. Dinosaur Provincial Park is designated as what kind of site?
A) International Geological Monument
B) Protected Biosphere Reserve
C) National Marine Sanctuary
D) UNESCO World Heritage Site
  • 13. Where is the formation well exposed?
A) Along the shores of the Milk River
B) In the badlands that flank the Red Deer River
C) Beneath the Bearpaw Sea
D) In the mountains to the west
  • 14. Who provided the first recorded account of fossils in the area in 1871?
A) Joseph Burr Tyrrell
B) Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux
C) Lawrence Lambe
D) George Mercer Dawson
  • 15. Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux was shown bones of what animal by the Blackfoot Confederacy?
A) A duck-billed dinosaur
B) A giant prehistoric bear
C) A woolly mammoth
D) The "grandfather of the buffalo"
  • 16. Who reported official accounts of dinosaur bones in western Canada in 1874?
A) Thomas Chesmer Weston
B) George Mercer Dawson
C) Henry Fairfield Osborn
D) Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux
  • 17. Along which river did George Mercer Dawson make his 1874 discoveries?
A) Deadlodge Canyon
B) Berry Creek
C) Red Deer River
D) Milk River
  • 18. Who discovered the skull of a theropod in 1884?
A) Edward Drinker Cope
B) Lawrence Lambe
C) George Mercer Dawson
D) Joseph Burr Tyrrell
  • 19. As what genus did Edward Drinker Cope initially identify Joseph Burr Tyrrell's 1884 theropod skull?
A) Albertosaurus
B) Tyrannosaurus
C) Gorgosaurus
D) Laelaps
  • 20. Who named the 1884 theropod skull Albertosaurus in 1905?
A) Henry Fairfield Osborn
B) Thomas Chesmer Weston
C) Joseph Burr Tyrrell
D) Lawrence Lambe
  • 21. Who found rich fossil beds in Deadlodge Canyon and Berry Creek in 1889?
A) George Mercer Dawson
B) Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux
C) Henry Fairfield Osborn
D) Thomas Chesmer Weston
  • 22. Along which river did Thomas Chesmer Weston find fossil beds in 1889?
A) Red Deer River
B) South Saskatchewan River
C) Milk River
D) Bow River
  • 23. Who more completely surveyed the areas along the Red Deer River from 1897 until 1901?
A) Thomas Chesmer Weston
B) Lawrence Lambe
C) Edward Drinker Cope
D) Joseph Burr Tyrrell
  • 24. What was the Dinosaur Park Formation considered to be during the late 19th and early 20th century descriptions by Lambe and Osborn?
A) Judith River Formation
B) Bearpaw Formation
C) Belly River Formation
D) Oldman Formation
  • 25. What was the age previously assigned to the formation by Lambe and Osborn?
A) Early Triassic
B) Late Permian
C) Early Jurassic
D) Mid-Cretaceous
  • 26. From what source were the sediments of the Dinosaur Park Formation derived?
A) Erosion of the Canadian Shield to the east
B) Erosion of the mountains to the west
C) Glacial deposits from the north
D) Volcanic ash from northern plains
  • 27. In which direction did the river systems flow that deposited the formation?
A) Strictly southward
B) Westward and southwestward
C) Eastward and southeastward
D) Northward and northwestward
  • 28. What was the name of the large inland sea toward which the river systems flowed?
A) Hudson Sea
B) Sundance Sea
C) Tethys Sea
D) Bearpaw Sea
  • 29. The Bearpaw Sea was part of what larger seaway?
A) Western Interior Seaway
B) Panthalassa Seaway
C) Atlantic Seaway
D) Boreal Seaway
  • 30. What marine sediments were deposited on top of the Dinosaur Park Formation as the sea inundated the coastal plain?
A) Marine shales of the Bearpaw Formation
B) Coal beds of the Lethbridge Zone
C) Sandstones of the Oldman Formation
D) Limestone reefs of the Milk River Formation
  • 31. Approximately how thick is the Dinosaur Park Formation at Dinosaur Park?
A) About 150 metres (490 ft)
B) About 70 metres (230 ft)
C) About 300 metres (980 ft)
D) About 30 metres (100 ft)
  • 32. In what environment was the lower portion of the Dinosaur Park Formation laid down?
A) Deep marine shelf environments
B) Fluvial channel environments
C) Aeolian dune environments
D) Glacial moraine environments
  • 33. What primarily composes the lower portion of the formation?
A) Pure white chalk and limestone
B) Fine- to medium-grained, crossbedded sandstones
C) Low-rank coal seams and siltstones
D) Massive to laminated organic-rich mudstones
  • 34. In what environments was the upper portion of the formation deposited?
A) Offshore marine environments
B) Estuarine and deltaic environments
C) Overbank and floodplain environments
D) Subglacial trench environments
  • 35. What primarily composes the upper portion of the formation?
A) Red chalk and marl
B) Coarse-grained conglomerate sandstones
C) Massive to laminated, organic-rich mudstones
D) Thick beds of massive granite
  • 36. What traces and beds are abundant in the upper portion's mudstones?
A) Volcanic pumice and quartz veins
B) Root traces and thin beds of bentonite
C) Coprolites and sulfur nodules
D) Fossilized marine shells and amber
  • 37. What zone marks the top of the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) Lethbridge Coal Zone
B) Berry Creek Coal Member
C) Deadlodge Coal Horizon
D) Red Deer Coal Seam
  • 38. What does the Lethbridge Coal Zone consist of?
A) Lignite beds alternating with marine shales
B) Pure anthracite coal layers with thick sandstone caps
C) Bituminous coal mixed exclusively with limestone
D) Several seams of low-rank coal interbedded with mudstones and siltstones
  • 39. What separates the Dinosaur Park Formation from the underlying Oldman Formation?
A) A thick bed of marine limestone
B) A regional disconformity
C) A massive layer of pure volcanic ash
D) An angular unconformity caused by major mountain building
  • 40. How are the Dinosaur Park and Oldman formations distinguished?
A) By the complete absence of rocks in the Oldman Formation
B) By petrographic and sedimentologic differences
C) By differences in their overall geological age of 20 million years
D) By their fossilized marine invertebrate content
  • 41. How do articulated skeletal remains and bonebeds compare between the Oldman and Dinosaur Park formations?
A) They are rare in the Oldman Formation but abundant in the Dinosaur Park Formation
B) They have never been found in either formation
C) They are abundant in the Oldman Formation and absent in the Dinosaur Park Formation
D) They are equally abundant in both formations
  • 42. In which Canadian province is the Dinosaur Park Formation primarily located?
A) Manitoba
B) Alberta
C) Saskatchewan
D) British Columbia
  • 43. Geological Survey of Canada discoveries in the 1880s included work by whom?
A) George Mercer Dawson and his colleagues
B) Edward Drinker Cope and Henry Fairfield Osborn
C) Thomas Chesmer Weston and Lawrence Lambe exclusively
D) Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux and the Blackfoot Confederacy
  • 44. How many distinct faunas can the Dinosaur Park Formation be divided into at least?
A) Three
B) Two
C) One
D) Four
  • 45. What might the appearance of new, rare ornithischian species at the very top of the formation indicate?
A) A return to the lower fauna
B) The extinction of all dinosaurs
C) Volcanic activity
D) A third distinct fauna
  • 46. Which species is noted as potentially more common in the third fauna?
A) Centrosaurus
B) Corythosaurus
C) Vagaceratops irvinensis
D) Euoplocephalus tutus
  • 47. Which Lambeosaurus species may be more common in the third fauna?
A) Lambeosaurus ornatissimus
B) Lambeosaurus magnicristatus
C) Lambeosaurus lambei
D) Lambeosaurus altidens
  • 48. Who authored the biostratigraphy study of megaherbivores cited from 2019?
A) Coombs
B) Mallon
C) Eberth
D) Penalski
  • 49. Whose taxonomy of Euoplocephalus tutus is disputed in the text?
A) Mallon
B) Penalski
C) Eberth
D) Coombs
  • 50. What is the publication year of the taxonomy study by Penalski mentioned in the text?
A) 2019
B) 2018
C) 2023
D) 2010
  • 51. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter mark is Scolosaurus cutleri found?
A) ~16-30m
B) ~40m
C) ~3-8m
D) ~0m
  • 52. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter range is Platypelta coombsi found?
A) ~0m
B) ~40m
C) ~3-8m
D) ~27-31m
  • 53. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter range is Euoplocephalus tutus found?
A) ~40m
B) ~3-8m
C) ~16-30m
D) ~0m
  • 54. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter range is Anodontosaurus inceptus found?
A) ~16-30m
B) ~27-31m
C) ~0m
D) ~3-8m
  • 55. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter mark is Scolosaurus thronus found?
A) ~0m
B) ~3-8m
C) ~40m
D) ~27-31m
  • 56. Which taxon is separated into multiple taxa by Penalski (2018)?
A) Styracosaurus albertensis
B) Corythosaurus casuarius
C) Centrosaurus apertus
D) Euoplocephalus tutus
  • 57. What type of dinosaur is primarily used to characterize the lower part of the formation?
A) Pterosaur
B) Sauropod
C) Theropod
D) Corythosaurus
  • 58. What type of organism group is the focus of the megaherbivore biostratigraphy?
A) Microscopic plankton
B) Omnivores
C) Carnivores
D) Megaherbivores
  • 59. What type of ceratopsian taxon has been recovered from the formation?
A) A fully named Triceratops horridus
B) An adult Chasmosaurus belli
C) An unnamed Pachyrhinosaurus-like taxon
D) A well-defined Centrosaurus apertus
  • 60. What ornithopod specimen has been recovered from the formation?
A) At least one indeterminate thescelosaurid specimen
B) Only adult Iguanodon bones
C) Dozens of complete Thescelosaurus skeletons
D) No ornithopod remains at all
  • 61. Which hadrosaurs may have preferred the upland nesting grounds?
A) Exclusively lambeosaurines
B) Less common hadrosaurs like Brachylophosaurus or Parasaurolophus
C) Only juvenile hadrosaurs
D) The most abundant adult Edmontosaurus
  • 62. What size are the fragments of pebbly-textured hadrosaur eggshell reported from the formation?
A) Sub-centimeter fragments
B) Exactly five inches across
C) Microscopic dust particles
D) Giant meters-wide pieces
  • 63. The hadrosaur eggshell from the Dinosaur Park Formation is similar to that of which location in southern Alberta?
A) Writing-on-Stone
B) Devil's Coulee
C) Royal Tyrrell Museum grounds
D) Cypress Hills
  • 64. What shelled invertebrates are found in large numbers at the eggshell sites?
A) Pisidiid clams
B) Brachiopods
C) Giant ammonites
D) Trilobites
  • 65. What do the invertebrate shells release to protect the eggshells from dissolving?
A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Basic calcium carbonate
C) Sodium chloride
D) Iron oxide
  • 66. What acid would otherwise have dissolved the eggshells and prevented fossilization?
A) Sulfuric acid from rainfall
B) Artificial industrial acids
C) Citric acid from native fruits
D) Naturally occurring acids
  • 67. Which bonebed is noted as an especially productive source of young hadrosaur remains?
A) Bonebed 12
B) Bonebed 50
C) Bonebed 1
D) Bonebed 99
  • 68. Are the bones of juvenile hadrosaurs and fossil eggshell fragments preserved in association with each other?
A) Yes
B) In every single bonebed
C) No
D) Always
  • 69. What kind of marks were found on the valuable discovery of a small theropod dinosaur?
A) Bite punctures from insects
B) Tooth marks
C) Claw marks
D) Pathological bone growths
  • 70. What possible indeterminate remains are known from the formation regarding avimimids?
A) Ceratopsian
B) Avimimid
C) Tyrannosaurid
D) Hadrosaurid
  • 71. What is the basis for the new taxon of troodontid found in the upper part of the formation?
A) Skulls
B) Tail feathers
C) Teeth
D) Footprints
  • 72. What type of reptiles were choristoderes?
A) Terrestrial
B) Arboreal
C) Aquatic
D) fossorial
  • 73. What did small choristoderes look like?
A) Turtles
B) Snakes
C) Frogs
D) Lizards
  • 74. Larger types of choristoderes were superficially similar to which animals?
A) Crocodylians
B) Whales
C) Sharks
D) Large birds
  • 75. Which of the following is listed as a choristodere alongside Champsosaurus?
A) Leidyosuchus
B) Albertochampsa
C) Cretorectolobus olsoni
D) Cteniogenys sp. cf. antiquus
  • 76. Which crocodylian genus listed has remains found in the formation?
A) Albertochampsa
B) Cteniogenys
C) Ischyrhiza
D) Champsosaurus
  • 77. Which other crocodylian genus besides Albertochampsa is found in the formation?
A) Estesesox
B) Parasaniwa
C) Belonostomus
D) Leidyosuchus
  • 78. Which of the following lizards is listed as found in the formation?
A) Albertochampsa
B) Leidyosuchus
C) Helodermatids
D) Champsosaurus
  • 79. Is Labrodioctes listed as a lizard found in the formation?
A) No, it is a fish
B) No, it is a mammal
C) Yes
D) No, it is a turtle
  • 80. Which group of lizards starting with N is found in the formation?
A) Nannosaurs
B) Necrosaurids
C) Nautiloids
D) Newts
  • 81. Which lizard genus listed sounds similar to a known sauropod suffix but is under lizards?
A) Stegosaurus
B) Saurophaganax
C) Socognathus
D) Spinosaurus
  • 82. Which lizard taxon has a question mark in front of its name in the text?
A) ?Helodermatids
B) ?Exostinus
C) ?Varanids
D) ?Teiids
  • 83. What type of shark is Cretorectolobus olsoni?
A) Bull shark
B) Carpet shark
C) Hammerhead shark
D) Mackerel shark
  • 84. What type of fish is Ischyrhiza mira?
A) Sturgeon
B) Sclerorhynchid
C) Carpet shark
D) Gar
  • 85. What type of shark is Meristodonoides montanensis?
A) Sclerorhynchid
B) Hybodont shark
C) Carpet shark
D) Chimaera
  • 86. What type of fish is Myledaphus bipartitus?
A) Ray
B) Sturgeon
C) Chimaera
D) Gar
  • 87. What type of fish is Protoplatyrhina renae?
A) Salmon
B) Guitarfish
C) Carpet shark
D) Pike
  • 88. What family is 'Edaphodontidae' indet. classified as?
A) Gar
B) Chimaera
C) Sturgeon
D) Ray
  • 89. What type of shark is Archaeolamna kopingensis judithensis?
A) A shark
B) A sturgeon
C) A chimaera
D) A guitarfish
  • 90. What alternative common name is given for Protoplatyrhina renae in the fish section?
A) Electric ray
B) Rhino Ray
C) Carpet shark
D) Sawfish
  • 91. What group of fish represents sturgeons in the text?
A) Holostean fish
B) Teleost fish
C) Acipenseriformes
D) Chondrichthyans
  • 92. Which sturgeon species is listed in quotes in the text?
A) Anchiacipenser acanthaspis
B) "Acipenser albertensis"
C) Lepisosteus occidentalis
D) Arotus hieroglyphus
  • 93. Which sturgeon species features the specific epithet acanthaspis?
A) Acipenser albertensis
B) Lepisosteus occidentalis
C) Arotus hieroglyphus
D) Anchiacipenser acanthaspis
  • 94. Which of the following is a holostean fish listed in the formation?
A) Enchodus petrosus
B) Myledaphus bipartitus
C) Arotus hieroglyphus
D) Ischyrhiza mira
  • 95. What common name is given for Lepisosteus occidentalis?
A) The gar
B) The tarpon
C) The salmon
D) The pike
  • 96. What type of fish is Archaeosiilik sp.?
A) A characin
B) A chimaera
C) An elopomorph
D) A pike
  • 97. What type of fish is Primuluchara laramidensis?
A) A gar
B) A sturgeon
C) A pike
D) A characin
  • 98. What type of fish is Sivulliusalmo sp.?
A) A guitarfish
B) A salmonid
C) An otophysan
D) An osteoglossomorph
  • 99. Which of the following is listed as a pike found in the formation?
A) Paratarpon apogerontus
B) Cretophareodus alberticus
C) Acronichthys sp.
D) Estesesox foxi
  • 100. Which of these is another pike listed in the formation alongside Estesesox foxi?
A) Enchodus gladiolus
B) Lepisosteus occidentalis
C) Arotus hieroglyphus
D) Oldmanesox canadensis
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