- 1. The transformation of Mexico into a republic was a landmark event that marked the shift from colonial rule to a sovereign nation. This pivotal moment began with the struggle for independence from Spanish colonial domination, which was ignited by figures such as Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos in the early 19th century. After a protracted struggle that lasted over a decade, Mexico finally achieved its independence in 1821, but the journey towards establishing a stable republican government was fraught with challenges. The country faced internal conflicts, political instability, and foreign interventions, notably from France and the United States. In 1824, the first republican constitution was adopted, establishing a federal republic, yet Mexico experienced a series of coups and changes in leadership, characterized by the tensions between conservative and liberal factions. It wasn't until the mid-19th century, through the reforms led by liberal leaders such as Benito Juárez, that the foundations of a modern republican state began to take shape. The struggle culminated in the establishment of a secular state with a focus on civil rights and the separation of church and state. Mexico's journey to becoming a republic was not just a political transformation, but a societal one, as it sought to redefine the identity and governance of the nation, setting the stage for the complex history that would follow in the years to come.
Who was the first president of Mexico?
A) Guadalupe Victoria
B) Benito Juárez
C) Porfirio Díaz
D) Miguel Hidalgo
- 2. In what year did Mexico officially become a republic?
A) 1855
B) 1836
C) 1824
D) 1810
- 3. Which document established Mexico as a federal republic?
A) Treaty of Córdoba
B) Constitution of 1824
C) Plan de Iguala
D) Grito de Dolores
- 4. Who was the leader of the Mexican War of Independence?
A) Miguel Hidalgo
B) Vicente Guerrero
C) Emiliano Zapata
D) Antonio López de Santa Anna
- 5. Which foreign power invaded Mexico in the mid-19th century, leading to the French intervention?
A) France
B) England
C) Spain
D) United States
- 6. Which Mexican leader is known for implementing the Ley Juárez reforms?
A) Victoriano Huerta
B) Benito Juárez
C) Porfirio Díaz
D) Maximilian I
- 7. Who was the Austrian ruler installed as Emperor of Mexico by the French?
A) Maximilian I
B) Carlota of Mexico
C) Ignacio Comonfort
D) Agustín de Iturbide
- 8. What was the name of the treaty that ended the Mexican-American War?
A) Treaty of Veracruz
B) Treaty of Córdoba
C) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
D) Treaty of Paris
- 9. Which political party did Porfirio Díaz belong to?
A) Socialist Party of Mexico
B) Institutional Revolutionary Party
C) National Action Party
D) Liberal Party
- 10. Which Mexican artist painted a series of murals depicting the country's history, including the Mexican revolution?
A) Diego Rivera
B) Frida Kahlo
C) David Alfaro Siqueiros
D) José Clemente Orozco
- 11. Who was the last president of Mexico from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) before its 71-year rule ended?
A) Enrique Peña Nieto
B) Carlos Salinas de Gortari
C) Felipe Calderón
D) Miguel de la Madrid
- 12. Who is considered the 'Father of the Mexican Constitution' of 1917?
A) Álvaro Obregón
B) Adolfo de la Huerta
C) Venustiano Carranza
D) Plutarco Elías Calles
- 13. Which country provided military assistance to Mexico during its struggle for independence?
A) Spain
B) Germany
C) United States
D) France
- 14. Who was a notable leader of the Mexican Revolution against Porfirio Diaz's dictatorship?
A) Pancho Villa
B) Emiliano Zapata
C) Francisco Madero
D) Venustiano Carranza
- 15. What was the ideology behind the Reform movement in Mexico in the 19th century?
A) Conservatism
B) Liberalism
C) Socialism
D) Communism
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