Molecular virology
  • 1. Molecular virology is a branch of virology that focuses on studying the genetic material, replication, and interactions of viruses at the molecular level. This field delves into the structure and function of viral components such as nucleic acids, proteins, and membranes, and their intricate roles in viral infection and pathogenesis. By investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying viral replication, host-virus interactions, immune responses, and antiviral strategies, molecular virologists contribute significantly to our understanding of viral diseases and the development of novel therapeutics and vaccines.

    What is a viral capsid?
A) Lipid membrane surrounding virus
B) Energy-producing organelle
C) Enzyme that breaks down host cell DNA
D) Protein shell that encloses viral genome
  • 2. What is a bacteriophage?
A) Virus that infects bacteria
B) Virus that infects fungi
C) Virus that infects plants
D) Virus that infects animals
  • 3. Which enzyme is crucial for retrovirus replication?
A) Ligase
B) Reverse transcriptase
C) DNA polymerase
D) RNA polymerase
  • 4. What is the function of a viral envelope?
A) Protects viral genome
B) Regulates gene expression
C) Facilitates entry into host cell
D) Produces energy
  • 5. What is antigenic drift in viruses?
A) Rapid and massive change in viral genome
B) No change in viral structure
C) Mutation in viral replication enzyme
D) Minor changes in viral proteins over time
  • 6. How do vaccines protect against viral infections?
A) By triggering the immune system to produce antibodies
B) By increasing viral mutation rate
C) By inhibiting viral replication
D) By directly destroying viruses
  • 7. What is the role of a viroporin in virus replication?
A) Forms channels in host cell membrane for viral entry and release
B) Packages viral genome into new virus particles
C) Promotes immune response against virus
D) Helps virus replicate its genome
  • 8. What do helical symmetries refer to in viruses?
A) Structure of viral capsid proteins arranged in a helix
B) Mode of viral transmission
C) Response of host cells to viral infection
D) Type of viral envelope
  • 9. Which virus is responsible for causing AIDS?
A) Rotavirus
B) Influenza Virus
C) Herpes Simplex Virus
D) HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
  • 10. How do virophages differ from traditional viruses?
A) Contain both DNA and RNA genomes
B) Replicate outside of host cell
C) Infect other viruses rather than host cells
D) Are larger in size
  • 11. What is the importance of viral receptors in host specificity?
A) Determines which host cells a virus can infect
B) Produces energy for virus
C) Regulates viral protein expression
D) Aids in viral replication
  • 12. What is the viral protein that helps to initiate the synthesis of viral RNA from the viral DNA template called?
A) Helicase
B) Primase
C) RNA polymerase
D) DNA polymerase
  • 13. Which viral family does the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belong to?
A) Retroviridae
B) Orthomyxoviridae
C) Herpesviridae
D) Picornaviridae
  • 14. What is the term for a virus that infects bacteria?
A) Phage virus
B) Bacteriophage
C) Bacterial virus
D) Prokaryophage
  • 15. What is the term for the process by which viruses acquire new genetic material from different sources?
A) Recombination
B) Replication
C) Mutation
D) Translation
  • 16. What is the virus that causes COVID-19 classified as?
A) Paramyxovirus
B) Rhabdovirus
C) Filovirus
D) Coronavirus
  • 17. Which cellular organelle is often exploited by viruses for replication and assembly of viral particles?
A) Nucleus
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Mitochondria
  • 18. What is the name given to a virus particle outside a host cell that consists of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein coat?
A) Capsid
B) Virion
C) Spike
D) Envelope
  • 19. Which viral disease has been eradicated through a successful vaccination campaign?
A) Polio
B) Smallpox
C) Influenza
D) Ebola
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