 - 1. What is the capital city of Papua New Guinea?
A) Noumea
B) Wellington
C) Suva
D) Port Moresby
- 2. Which continent is Papua New Guinea located in?
A) Europe
B) Asia
C) Africa
D) Oceania
- 3. What is the currency of Papua New Guinea?
A) Philippine peso
B) Papua New Guinean kina
C) Samoa tala
D) Fijian dollar
- 4. Who was the first Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea?
A) Julius Chan
B) Peter O'Neill
C) Michael Somare
D) Mekere Morauta
- 5. What is the Independence Day of Papua New Guinea?
A) January 1
B) July 4
C) April 23
D) September 16
- 6. What is the main religion practiced in Papua New Guinea?
A) Christianity
B) Islam
C) Hinduism
D) Buddhism
- 7. What is the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea?
A) Mount Hagen
B) Mount Wilhelm
C) Mount Giluwe
D) Mount Kinabalu
- 8. What is the staple food of Papua New Guinea?
A) Sweet potato
B) Rice
C) Quinoa
D) Breadfruit
- 9. Which sport is popular in Papua New Guinea?
A) Golf
B) Tennis
C) Rugby league
D) Cricket
- 10. Which country does Papua New Guinea share a land border with?
A) Solomon Islands
B) Australia
C) Fiji
D) Indonesia
- 11. What was the status of Papua New Guinea after World War I?
A) It came under Australian control, although it remained two distinct territories.
B) It became an independent nation immediately.
C) It was controlled by Germany.
D) It was divided between Japan and Australia.
- 12. When did Papua New Guinea become independent?
A) 1975
B) 1995
C) 1985
D) 1965
- 13. What type of government system does Papua New Guinea follow?
A) Monarchy without a parliament
B) Westminster system
C) Communist system
D) Presidential system
- 14. How many known spoken languages are there in Papua New Guinea?
A) 840
B) 500
C) 1000
D) 200
- 15. What is the percentage of the population living in urban centers as of 2023?
A) 50%
B) 14%
C) 75%
D) 25%
- 16. What languages serve as common languages in Papua New Guinea?
A) English and Tok Pisin
B) French and German
C) Hindi and Mandarin
D) Spanish and Portuguese
- 17. When was Christianity adopted as the official state religion of Papua New Guinea?
A) December 2010
B) June 1995
C) January 2000
D) March 2025
- 18. What percentage of the population are subsistence farmers in Papua New Guinea?
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 60%
D) Nearly 40%
- 19. Who named the island 'New Guinea'?
A) Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes
B) British explorer James Cook
C) Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez
D) Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon
- 20. What is the etymological meaning of 'Guinea'?
A) 'Place of spices'
B) 'Land of gold'
C) 'Home of elephants'
D) 'Of the burnt face' or similar, in reference to dark skin.
- 21. What is the main economic activity for nearly 40% of Papua New Guinea's population?
A) Subsistence farming
B) Mining
C) Tourism
D) Manufacturing
- 22. When did the Austronesian-speaking peoples of the Lapita culture reach the Bismarck Archipelago?
A) 500 BC
B) Around 28,000 years ago
C) By 3,300 years ago
D) 10,000 years ago
- 23. Which European power influenced the Sultanate of Tidore in the 16th century?
A) The British
B) The Portuguese
C) The Spanish
D) The Dutch
- 24. What was a common feature of trading networks in maritime areas of New Guinea?
A) People frequently relocated along these routes
B) Trade was limited to immediate neighboring villages
C) Language marked political allegiance
D) Goods moved long distances through local exchanges
- 25. What social structure likely spread in Papua New Guinea due to the introduction of sweet potatoes?
A) Big man social structure
B) Chiefdoms
C) Tribal councils
D) Feudal system
- 26. Which colonial power annexed the western half of New Guinea in 1848?
A) Britain
B) Netherlands
C) France
D) Germany
- 27. In which year did Australia formally begin administering Papua as a territory?
A) 1906
B) 1914
C) 1921
D) 1888
- 28. Which language became established as a de facto official language under British and then Australian governance?
A) Hiri Motu
B) Tok Pisin
C) English
D) Motu
- 29. Who administered German New Guinea after its capture during World War I?
A) United States
B) Britain
C) Germany
D) Australia
- 30. When did Australia begin administering the former German New Guinea as a League of Nations mandate territory?
A) 1918
B) 1946
C) 9 May 1921
D) 1935
- 31. Where was gold discovered in Papua New Guinea during the 1920s?
A) Madang
B) Bulolo
C) Mambare River
D) Port Moresby
- 32. Which campaign marked a turning point in the Pacific War during World War II?
A) The Battle of Midway
B) The Battle of Milne Bay
C) The Guadalcanal campaign
D) The Kokoda Track campaign
- 33. In what year was New Guinea declared a United Nations trust territory under Australian governance?
A) 1964
B) 1949
C) 1951
D) 1946
- 34. When did Papuans become Australian citizens?
A) 1949
B) 1968
C) 1951
D) 1975
- 35. What was the first political party formed in Papua New Guinea?
A) Papua Besena
B) Highlands Liberation Front
C) Bougainville Liberation Front
D) Pangu Pati
- 36. Which company began mining exploration in Bougainville in 1964?
A) Newcrest Mining
B) Glencore
C) Rio Tinto
D) BHP
- 37. Who visited Papua New Guinea in 1969 and made self-rule an election issue?
A) Gough Whitlam
B) Robert Menzies
C) Malcolm Fraser
D) Paul Keating
- 38. When was self-governance instituted by the Whitlam government?
A) Late 1976
B) Mid-1975
C) Late 1973
D) Early 1974
- 39. Which territory declared its own independence shortly before Papua New Guinea's scheduled independence?
A) Bougainville
B) West New Britain
C) Morobe Province
D) East New Britain
- 40. In what year did Bougainville declare its independence from Papua New Guinea?
A) 2015
B) 1997
C) 1989
D) 2001
- 41. What was the result of the 2019 Bougainville independence referendum?
A) Voters overwhelmingly voted for independence (98.31%)
B) Voters rejected independence by a large margin
C) The vote resulted in a tie
D) The referendum was postponed
- 42. Who replaced Peter O'Neill as Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea in May 2019?
A) Peter Yama
B) Julius Chan
C) Michael Somare
D) James Marape
- 43. What was a significant economic development in Papua New Guinea starting in 2014?
A) The discovery of new oil reserves
B) Introduction of a new currency
C) Closure of the Ok Tedi Mine
D) Liquefied natural gas exports began.
- 44. Who is the monarch of Papua New Guinea?
A) Victoria
B) Charles III
C) Elizabeth II
D) William IV
- 45. What voting system is used in Papua New Guinea's elections?
A) Proportional Representation
B) Single Transferable Vote
C) Limited Preferential Vote (LPV)
D) First-Past-The-Post
- 46. What is the term used to describe party hopping in Papua New Guinea?
A) "Yo-yo" politics
B) "Swing" politics
C) "Flip-flop" politics
D) "Shuffle" politics
- 47. How are political parties in Papua New Guinea generally characterized?
A) They are strongly ideologically differentiated
B) They have long-lasting stability and structure
C) They reflect alliances between members rather than ideological differences
D) They focus on national issues over local representation
- 48. How do regional politics in Papua New Guinea generally manifest outside of Bougainville?
A) As autonomist rather than separatist
B) As centralist
C) As fully separatist
D) As federalist
- 49. What is a common practice among communities in the highlands during elections?
A) Random selection
B) Bloc voting
C) Abstaining from voting
D) Voting for multiple candidates equally
- 50. In which year did Papua New Guinea become a founding member of the Melanesian Spearhead Group?
A) 1987
B) 1988
C) 1986
D) 1990
- 51. Which international organization has Papua New Guinea applied for full membership status?
A) NAFTA
B) African Union
C) ASEAN
D) EU
- 52. When was the Sorcery Act, which allowed sorcery as a defense for murder, repealed in Papua New Guinea?
A) 2018
B) 1999
C) 2013
D) 2005
- 53. How many provinces does Papua New Guinea have?
A) Twenty-two
B) Thirty
C) Ten
D) Fifteen
- 54. Which region in Papua New Guinea is the smallest by size and population?
A) Bougainville
B) Morobe
C) East Sepik
D) Manus
- 55. Which sea lies to the west of the Torres Strait?
A) Gulf of Papua
B) Arafura Sea
C) Coral Sea
D) Solomon Sea
- 56. What percentage of Papua New Guinea's land area is covered by mountains?
A) At least 72%
B) 50%
C) 60%
D) 85%
- 57. Which river system extends across the north of the mainland?
A) Markham River
B) Sepik-Ramu
C) Purari River
D) Fly River
- 58. What is the largest lake in Papua New Guinea by area?
A) Lake Tondano
B) Lake Kutubu
C) Lake Telefomin
D) Lake Murray
- 59. What is the primary administrative division in Papua New Guinea?
A) Local-Level Government areas
B) Provinces
C) Regions
D) Districts
- 60. Which area of Papua New Guinea is geologically stable?
A) Southwestern lowlands
B) Bougainville
C) Papuan Peninsula
D) New Britain
- 61. What is the average maximum temperature in coastal areas of Papua New Guinea?
A) 18 °C (64 °F)
B) 26 °C (79 °F)
C) 23 °C (73 °F)
D) Around 32 °C (90 °F)
- 62. Which river is navigable for about half of its length?
A) Sepik River
B) Markham River
C) Fly River
D) Purari River
- 63. What type of climate does Papua New Guinea generally have?
A) Tropical
B) Continental
C) Desert
D) Temperate
- 64. What percentage of known living species does Papua New Guinea contain?
A) Around 10%
B) About 15%
C) Nearly 20%
D) Approximately 5%
- 65. How many vascular plant species are thought to exist in Papua New Guinea?
A) Around 50,000
B) About 20,000
C) Approximately 10,000
D) Perhaps 30,000
- 66. Which of the following regions is not part of Papua New Guinea's biodiverse areas?
A) Alpine plant communities
B) Coastal regions
C) Different groups of islands
D) Mountainous areas
- 67. Which biogeographical area is Papua New Guinea part of?
A) Indomalaya
B) Malesia
C) Neotropics
D) Australasia
- 68. What is the estimated number of insect species in Papua New Guinea?
A) 100,000
B) 200,000
C) 150,000
D) 50,000
- 69. Which type of plant species is more similar to those of East Asia than Australasia in Papua New Guinea?
A) Plant species
B) Orchid species
C) Animal species
D) Fern species
- 70. What classification does the International Monetary Fund give to Papua New Guinea's economy?
A) Advanced
B) Underdeveloped
C) Developing
D) Emerging
- 71. As of 2018, what percentage of PNG's GDP was made up by natural resource extraction?
A) 15%
B) 28%
C) 50%
D) 40%
- 72. Which sector employs the most people in Papua New Guinea?
A) Agriculture
B) Oil and Gas
C) Mining
D) Forestry
- 73. What is the primary reason for difficulty in measuring economic growth in PNG?
A) Lack of data
B) Resource-dependent economy distorting GDP
C) Currency instability
D) High inflation rates
- 74. What is the largest mine in Papua New Guinea?
A) Ok Tedi Mine
B) Porgera Gold Mine
C) Lihir Island gold mine
D) Copper mine on Bougainville
- 75. When did LNG exports begin in Papua New Guinea?
A) 2020
B) 2005
C) 2014
D) 2010
- 76. What is the most efficient and reliable means of transportation in PNG due to its terrain?
A) Road transport
B) Railways
C) Air travel
D) Domestic shipping
- 77. How many international ports does Papua New Guinea have?
A) 15
B) 30
C) 10
D) 22
- 78. What percentage of PNG's electricity supply comes from renewable energy sources?
A) Half
B) One-third
C) Two-thirds
D) Quarter
- 79. In urban areas, what percentage of houses were connected to electricity in 2016?
A) 55%
B) 75%
C) 30%
D) 80%
- 80. What type of land tenure is recognized by PNG law for indigenous peoples' traditional lands?
A) Private ownership
B) Freehold title
C) State lease
D) Customary land title
- 81. Which region is the most populated in Papua New Guinea?
A) The southern region
B) The northern mainland
C) The Islands Region
D) The Highlands
- 82. What was the estimated population of Papua New Guinea according to a UN report in December 2022?
A) 11.8 million
B) 17 million
C) 8.95 million
D) 9.5 million
- 83. How many doctors were there per 10,000 people in Papua New Guinea as of 2023?
A) 0.61
B) 2.0
C) 1.5
D) 0.25
- 84. What was the maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births in Papua New Guinea in 2008?
A) 340
B) 300
C) 250
D) 270
- 85. As of 2016, what was the total fertility rate in Papua New Guinea?
A) 3.5
B) 5.0
C) 2.8
D) 4.4
- 86. What percentage of the population lived within eight hours of a government service center in Papua New Guinea?
A) Two-thirds
B) One-third
C) Half
D) Over four-fifths
- 87. What was the literacy rate in Papua New Guinea as of 2015?
A) 70%
B) 55%
C) 63.4%
D) 50%
- 88. What was the dependency ratio in urban areas of Papua New Guinea in the late 2010s?
A) 70%
B) 50%
C) 64%
D) 83%
- 89. What was the under-5 mortality rate per 1,000 births in Papua New Guinea?
A) 100
B) 69
C) 80
D) 50
- 90. What percentage of women were in polygynous relationships as of the data provided?
A) 10%
B) 18%
C) 30%
D) 25%
- 91. What was the median age of marriage in Papua New Guinea as per the data provided?
A) 25
B) 22
C) 20
D) 18
- 92. What percentage of children had no vaccines in 2016 in Papua New Guinea?
A) 10%
B) 24%
C) 35%
D) 50%
- 93. How many public universities are there in Papua New Guinea?
A) Eight
B) Four
C) Two
D) Six
- 94. Which language is the most widely spoken indigenous language in Papua New Guinea?
A) Melpa
B) Enga
C) Hiri Motu
D) Tok Pisin
- 95. Which province adopted Tok Pisin as its official language in 1976?
A) Hiri Motu-dominated capital
B) Enga Province
C) Port Moresby
D) East New Britain Province
- 96. According to the 2011 census, what percentage of Papua New Guineans identified as Christian?
A) 85.4%
B) 95.6%
C) 75.2%
D) 65.9%
- 97. Which denomination has the largest presence in Papua New Guinea?
A) The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea
B) The Catholic Church
C) Pentecostal denominations
D) The Seventh-day Adventist Church
- 98. Which bird is a joint symbol of national identity in Papua New Guinea?
A) The emu
B) The cassowary
C) The cockatoo
D) The bird-of-paradise
- 99. What is the name of the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Papua New Guinea?
A) Sepik River Basin
B) Bougainville Peace Park
C) Kuk Early Agricultural Site
D) Madang Cultural Site
- 100. What traditional currency is still used in parts of East New Britain Province?
A) Seashells
B) Gold coins
C) Cowrie shells
D) Copper rods
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