 - 1. What is the capital city of Papua New Guinea?
A) Noumea
B) Suva
C) Port Moresby
D) Wellington
- 2. Which continent is Papua New Guinea located in?
A) Europe
B) Asia
C) Oceania
D) Africa
- 3. What is the currency of Papua New Guinea?
A) Philippine peso
B) Papua New Guinean kina
C) Fijian dollar
D) Samoa tala
- 4. Who was the first Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea?
A) Julius Chan
B) Michael Somare
C) Mekere Morauta
D) Peter O'Neill
- 5. What is the Independence Day of Papua New Guinea?
A) September 16
B) July 4
C) January 1
D) April 23
- 6. What is the main religion practiced in Papua New Guinea?
A) Islam
B) Hinduism
C) Buddhism
D) Christianity
- 7. What is the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea?
A) Mount Giluwe
B) Mount Wilhelm
C) Mount Kinabalu
D) Mount Hagen
- 8. What is the staple food of Papua New Guinea?
A) Breadfruit
B) Sweet potato
C) Quinoa
D) Rice
- 9. Which sport is popular in Papua New Guinea?
A) Rugby league
B) Tennis
C) Cricket
D) Golf
- 10. Which country does Papua New Guinea share a land border with?
A) Australia
B) Fiji
C) Indonesia
D) Solomon Islands
- 11. What was the status of Papua New Guinea after World War I?
A) It became an independent nation immediately.
B) It was divided between Japan and Australia.
C) It was controlled by Germany.
D) It came under Australian control, although it remained two distinct territories.
- 12. When did Papua New Guinea become independent?
A) 1995
B) 1975
C) 1985
D) 1965
- 13. What type of government system does Papua New Guinea follow?
A) Westminster system
B) Communist system
C) Presidential system
D) Monarchy without a parliament
- 14. How many known spoken languages are there in Papua New Guinea?
A) 500
B) 200
C) 1000
D) 840
- 15. What is the percentage of the population living in urban centers as of 2023?
A) 75%
B) 50%
C) 14%
D) 25%
- 16. What languages serve as common languages in Papua New Guinea?
A) Hindi and Mandarin
B) English and Tok Pisin
C) Spanish and Portuguese
D) French and German
- 17. When was Christianity adopted as the official state religion of Papua New Guinea?
A) January 2000
B) December 2010
C) March 2025
D) June 1995
- 18. What percentage of the population are subsistence farmers in Papua New Guinea?
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 60%
D) Nearly 40%
- 19. Who named the island 'New Guinea'?
A) British explorer James Cook
B) Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes
C) Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon
D) Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez
- 20. What is the etymological meaning of 'Guinea'?
A) 'Place of spices'
B) 'Home of elephants'
C) 'Of the burnt face' or similar, in reference to dark skin.
D) 'Land of gold'
- 21. What is the main economic activity for nearly 40% of Papua New Guinea's population?
A) Manufacturing
B) Mining
C) Subsistence farming
D) Tourism
- 22. When did the Austronesian-speaking peoples of the Lapita culture reach the Bismarck Archipelago?
A) By 3,300 years ago
B) 500 BC
C) 10,000 years ago
D) Around 28,000 years ago
- 23. Which European power influenced the Sultanate of Tidore in the 16th century?
A) The Dutch
B) The Spanish
C) The Portuguese
D) The British
- 24. What was a common feature of trading networks in maritime areas of New Guinea?
A) People frequently relocated along these routes
B) Goods moved long distances through local exchanges
C) Language marked political allegiance
D) Trade was limited to immediate neighboring villages
- 25. What social structure likely spread in Papua New Guinea due to the introduction of sweet potatoes?
A) Big man social structure
B) Tribal councils
C) Feudal system
D) Chiefdoms
- 26. Which colonial power annexed the western half of New Guinea in 1848?
A) Germany
B) Britain
C) Netherlands
D) France
- 27. In which year did Australia formally begin administering Papua as a territory?
A) 1906
B) 1888
C) 1921
D) 1914
- 28. Which language became established as a de facto official language under British and then Australian governance?
A) English
B) Hiri Motu
C) Tok Pisin
D) Motu
- 29. Who administered German New Guinea after its capture during World War I?
A) Germany
B) Britain
C) Australia
D) United States
- 30. When did Australia begin administering the former German New Guinea as a League of Nations mandate territory?
A) 9 May 1921
B) 1935
C) 1918
D) 1946
- 31. Where was gold discovered in Papua New Guinea during the 1920s?
A) Port Moresby
B) Mambare River
C) Bulolo
D) Madang
- 32. Which campaign marked a turning point in the Pacific War during World War II?
A) The Guadalcanal campaign
B) The Battle of Midway
C) The Battle of Milne Bay
D) The Kokoda Track campaign
- 33. In what year was New Guinea declared a United Nations trust territory under Australian governance?
A) 1964
B) 1951
C) 1946
D) 1949
- 34. When did Papuans become Australian citizens?
A) 1951
B) 1975
C) 1949
D) 1968
- 35. What was the first political party formed in Papua New Guinea?
A) Pangu Pati
B) Papua Besena
C) Highlands Liberation Front
D) Bougainville Liberation Front
- 36. Which company began mining exploration in Bougainville in 1964?
A) Newcrest Mining
B) Glencore
C) Rio Tinto
D) BHP
- 37. Who visited Papua New Guinea in 1969 and made self-rule an election issue?
A) Gough Whitlam
B) Paul Keating
C) Malcolm Fraser
D) Robert Menzies
- 38. When was self-governance instituted by the Whitlam government?
A) Early 1974
B) Mid-1975
C) Late 1976
D) Late 1973
- 39. Which territory declared its own independence shortly before Papua New Guinea's scheduled independence?
A) East New Britain
B) Morobe Province
C) Bougainville
D) West New Britain
- 40. In what year did Bougainville declare its independence from Papua New Guinea?
A) 2001
B) 1997
C) 1989
D) 2015
- 41. What was the result of the 2019 Bougainville independence referendum?
A) The referendum was postponed
B) Voters rejected independence by a large margin
C) The vote resulted in a tie
D) Voters overwhelmingly voted for independence (98.31%)
- 42. Who replaced Peter O'Neill as Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea in May 2019?
A) Michael Somare
B) Peter Yama
C) James Marape
D) Julius Chan
- 43. What was a significant economic development in Papua New Guinea starting in 2014?
A) Liquefied natural gas exports began.
B) The discovery of new oil reserves
C) Closure of the Ok Tedi Mine
D) Introduction of a new currency
- 44. Who is the monarch of Papua New Guinea?
A) Charles III
B) Elizabeth II
C) Victoria
D) William IV
- 45. What voting system is used in Papua New Guinea's elections?
A) Limited Preferential Vote (LPV)
B) First-Past-The-Post
C) Single Transferable Vote
D) Proportional Representation
- 46. What is the term used to describe party hopping in Papua New Guinea?
A) "Yo-yo" politics
B) "Shuffle" politics
C) "Flip-flop" politics
D) "Swing" politics
- 47. How are political parties in Papua New Guinea generally characterized?
A) They have long-lasting stability and structure
B) They are strongly ideologically differentiated
C) They focus on national issues over local representation
D) They reflect alliances between members rather than ideological differences
- 48. How do regional politics in Papua New Guinea generally manifest outside of Bougainville?
A) As centralist
B) As federalist
C) As autonomist rather than separatist
D) As fully separatist
- 49. What is a common practice among communities in the highlands during elections?
A) Abstaining from voting
B) Bloc voting
C) Random selection
D) Voting for multiple candidates equally
- 50. In which year did Papua New Guinea become a founding member of the Melanesian Spearhead Group?
A) 1986
B) 1987
C) 1988
D) 1990
- 51. Which international organization has Papua New Guinea applied for full membership status?
A) African Union
B) EU
C) NAFTA
D) ASEAN
- 52. When was the Sorcery Act, which allowed sorcery as a defense for murder, repealed in Papua New Guinea?
A) 2005
B) 2018
C) 2013
D) 1999
- 53. How many provinces does Papua New Guinea have?
A) Ten
B) Twenty-two
C) Thirty
D) Fifteen
- 54. Which region in Papua New Guinea is the smallest by size and population?
A) East Sepik
B) Bougainville
C) Manus
D) Morobe
- 55. Which sea lies to the west of the Torres Strait?
A) Arafura Sea
B) Gulf of Papua
C) Solomon Sea
D) Coral Sea
- 56. What percentage of Papua New Guinea's land area is covered by mountains?
A) 60%
B) 50%
C) At least 72%
D) 85%
- 57. Which river system extends across the north of the mainland?
A) Purari River
B) Markham River
C) Sepik-Ramu
D) Fly River
- 58. What is the largest lake in Papua New Guinea by area?
A) Lake Murray
B) Lake Tondano
C) Lake Kutubu
D) Lake Telefomin
- 59. What is the primary administrative division in Papua New Guinea?
A) Regions
B) Provinces
C) Districts
D) Local-Level Government areas
- 60. Which area of Papua New Guinea is geologically stable?
A) Southwestern lowlands
B) Bougainville
C) New Britain
D) Papuan Peninsula
- 61. What is the average maximum temperature in coastal areas of Papua New Guinea?
A) Around 32 °C (90 °F)
B) 18 °C (64 °F)
C) 23 °C (73 °F)
D) 26 °C (79 °F)
- 62. Which river is navigable for about half of its length?
A) Sepik River
B) Markham River
C) Fly River
D) Purari River
- 63. What type of climate does Papua New Guinea generally have?
A) Continental
B) Tropical
C) Desert
D) Temperate
- 64. What percentage of known living species does Papua New Guinea contain?
A) Approximately 5%
B) About 15%
C) Nearly 20%
D) Around 10%
- 65. How many vascular plant species are thought to exist in Papua New Guinea?
A) Approximately 10,000
B) About 20,000
C) Around 50,000
D) Perhaps 30,000
- 66. Which of the following regions is not part of Papua New Guinea's biodiverse areas?
A) Different groups of islands
B) Mountainous areas
C) Alpine plant communities
D) Coastal regions
- 67. Which biogeographical area is Papua New Guinea part of?
A) Australasia
B) Indomalaya
C) Neotropics
D) Malesia
- 68. What is the estimated number of insect species in Papua New Guinea?
A) 100,000
B) 150,000
C) 50,000
D) 200,000
- 69. Which type of plant species is more similar to those of East Asia than Australasia in Papua New Guinea?
A) Animal species
B) Fern species
C) Orchid species
D) Plant species
- 70. What classification does the International Monetary Fund give to Papua New Guinea's economy?
A) Emerging
B) Developing
C) Underdeveloped
D) Advanced
- 71. As of 2018, what percentage of PNG's GDP was made up by natural resource extraction?
A) 40%
B) 15%
C) 50%
D) 28%
- 72. Which sector employs the most people in Papua New Guinea?
A) Oil and Gas
B) Mining
C) Forestry
D) Agriculture
- 73. What is the primary reason for difficulty in measuring economic growth in PNG?
A) Lack of data
B) High inflation rates
C) Resource-dependent economy distorting GDP
D) Currency instability
- 74. What is the largest mine in Papua New Guinea?
A) Ok Tedi Mine
B) Lihir Island gold mine
C) Porgera Gold Mine
D) Copper mine on Bougainville
- 75. When did LNG exports begin in Papua New Guinea?
A) 2014
B) 2010
C) 2005
D) 2020
- 76. What is the most efficient and reliable means of transportation in PNG due to its terrain?
A) Road transport
B) Air travel
C) Domestic shipping
D) Railways
- 77. How many international ports does Papua New Guinea have?
A) 22
B) 10
C) 15
D) 30
- 78. What percentage of PNG's electricity supply comes from renewable energy sources?
A) Two-thirds
B) One-third
C) Quarter
D) Half
- 79. In urban areas, what percentage of houses were connected to electricity in 2016?
A) 80%
B) 55%
C) 30%
D) 75%
- 80. What type of land tenure is recognized by PNG law for indigenous peoples' traditional lands?
A) State lease
B) Private ownership
C) Freehold title
D) Customary land title
- 81. Which region is the most populated in Papua New Guinea?
A) The Highlands
B) The Islands Region
C) The southern region
D) The northern mainland
- 82. What was the estimated population of Papua New Guinea according to a UN report in December 2022?
A) 9.5 million
B) 11.8 million
C) 17 million
D) 8.95 million
- 83. How many doctors were there per 10,000 people in Papua New Guinea as of 2023?
A) 0.25
B) 2.0
C) 0.61
D) 1.5
- 84. What was the maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births in Papua New Guinea in 2008?
A) 340
B) 270
C) 300
D) 250
- 85. As of 2016, what was the total fertility rate in Papua New Guinea?
A) 3.5
B) 4.4
C) 2.8
D) 5.0
- 86. What percentage of the population lived within eight hours of a government service center in Papua New Guinea?
A) Half
B) Over four-fifths
C) One-third
D) Two-thirds
- 87. What was the literacy rate in Papua New Guinea as of 2015?
A) 63.4%
B) 70%
C) 50%
D) 55%
- 88. What was the dependency ratio in urban areas of Papua New Guinea in the late 2010s?
A) 83%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 64%
- 89. What was the under-5 mortality rate per 1,000 births in Papua New Guinea?
A) 69
B) 50
C) 80
D) 100
- 90. What percentage of women were in polygynous relationships as of the data provided?
A) 10%
B) 18%
C) 25%
D) 30%
- 91. What was the median age of marriage in Papua New Guinea as per the data provided?
A) 22
B) 25
C) 18
D) 20
- 92. What percentage of children had no vaccines in 2016 in Papua New Guinea?
A) 10%
B) 35%
C) 24%
D) 50%
- 93. How many public universities are there in Papua New Guinea?
A) Four
B) Two
C) Six
D) Eight
- 94. Which language is the most widely spoken indigenous language in Papua New Guinea?
A) Tok Pisin
B) Melpa
C) Hiri Motu
D) Enga
- 95. Which province adopted Tok Pisin as its official language in 1976?
A) Enga Province
B) East New Britain Province
C) Hiri Motu-dominated capital
D) Port Moresby
- 96. According to the 2011 census, what percentage of Papua New Guineans identified as Christian?
A) 85.4%
B) 75.2%
C) 95.6%
D) 65.9%
- 97. Which denomination has the largest presence in Papua New Guinea?
A) The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea
B) The Seventh-day Adventist Church
C) The Catholic Church
D) Pentecostal denominations
- 98. Which bird is a joint symbol of national identity in Papua New Guinea?
A) The bird-of-paradise
B) The cockatoo
C) The emu
D) The cassowary
- 99. What is the name of the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Papua New Guinea?
A) Madang Cultural Site
B) Bougainville Peace Park
C) Kuk Early Agricultural Site
D) Sepik River Basin
- 100. What traditional currency is still used in parts of East New Britain Province?
A) Copper rods
B) Gold coins
C) Cowrie shells
D) Seashells
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