- 1. Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination enforced by the government of South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. The term, which means 'apartness' in Afrikaans, was used to describe the policies aimed at maintaining white minority rule and subjugating the non-white population, particularly Black South Africans. Under apartheid, the country was divided into separate racial groups, with laws that dictated where individuals could live, work, and go to school based on their race. Non-white people were forced to live in designated areas, known as Bantustans or townships, often in impoverished conditions, while privileges and resources were disproportionately allocated to the white population. The apartheid regime used violent repression to silence dissent, leading to widespread protests, international condemnation, and calls for sanctions against the South African government. The struggle against apartheid was marked by the efforts of numerous activists, including Nelson Mandela, who became a symbol of resistance. The system officially ended in 1994 when South Africa held its first democratic elections, leading to Mandela's election as the country's first Black president. The legacy of apartheid continues to affect South Africa today, as the nation grapples with issues of inequality, social justice, and the lasting effects of systemic racism.
In what year did the Apartheid system officially begin?
A) 1948
B) 1976
C) 1960
D) 1934
- 2. Which party was primarily responsible for implementing Apartheid?
A) South African Communist Party
B) National Party
C) African National Congress
D) United Democratic Front
- 3. Who was the prominent leader of the ANC who fought against Apartheid?
A) Nelson Mandela
B) Oliver Tambo
C) Walter Sisulu
D) Desmond Tutu
- 4. What was the name of the act that established classification of race?
A) The Native Land Act
B) The Bantu Education Act
C) The Group Areas Act
D) The Population Registration Act
- 5. Which of the following was prohibited under Apartheid laws?
A) Interracial marriage
B) Public schooling for whites
C) Voting for all citizens
D) Access to public parks
- 6. What year did Nelson Mandela get released from prison?
A) 1989
B) 1992
C) 1994
D) 1990
- 7. Who was the last apartheid-era President of South Africa?
A) Thabo Mbeki
B) F.W. de Klerk
C) Nelson Mandela
D) P.W. Botha
- 8. Which international organization condemned Apartheid?
A) United Nations
B) NATO
C) G7
D) World Bank
- 9. What were 'pass laws'?
A) Regulations controlling movement of black South Africans
B) Traffic regulations
C) Laws regulating trade
D) Laws protecting wildlife
- 10. What happened during the Soweto Uprising of 1976?
A) Students protested against Afrikaans in schools
B) A march for housing
C) A peace rally
D) Workers protested for higher wages
- 11. Which act enforced separate areas for different racial groups?
A) Population Registration Act
B) Native Labour Regulation Act
C) Bantu Education Act
D) Group Areas Act
- 12. Who was Bantu Stephen Biko?
A) A government official
B) An ANC leader
C) A political prisoner
D) A leader of the Black Consciousness Movement
- 13. What was the outcome of the 1994 elections in South Africa?
A) The National Party won again.
B) Nelson Mandela became the first black president.
C) Apartheid laws were strengthened.
D) No elections were held.
- 14. What is the significance of the Freedom Charter?
A) It outlined the vision for a non-racial South Africa.
B) It promoted Apartheid.
C) It was a military strategy.
D) It was a government manifesto.
- 15. What was the role of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission?
A) To choose a new president
B) To address past human rights abuses
C) To promote Apartheid policies
D) To enforce new laws
- 16. How did the international community respond to Apartheid?
A) Boycotts and sanctions against South Africa
B) Trade agreements
C) Military intervention
D) Complete support for the government
- 17. What was the purpose of the Bantu Education Act?
A) To eliminate educational disparities
B) To equalize education for all
C) To promote technical training
D) To provide inferior education for black South Africans
- 18. What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?
A) It was a diplomatic meeting.
B) It resulted in the end of Apartheid.
C) It led to Nelson Mandela's imprisonment.
D) It focused on economic issues.
- 19. What does 'Apartheid' literally translate to?
A) Apartness
B) Freedom
C) Unity
D) Division
- 20. What was the primary method of resistance employed by many anti-Apartheid activists?
A) Election campaigning
B) Armament
C) Civil disobedience
D) Coup d'état
- 21. In what decade did Apartheid officially end?
A) 2000s
B) 1980s
C) 1970s
D) 1990s
- 22. What year did Nelson Mandela win the Nobel Peace Prize?
A) 1996
B) 1989
C) 1993
D) 1990
- 23. In which year did Apartheid officially end?
A) 1994
B) 1989
C) 1996
D) 1990
- 24. What term described the laws enforcing racial classification?
A) Rights laws.
B) Equality laws.
C) Civil laws.
D) Apartheid laws
- 25. What event is commemorated on June 16 in South Africa?
A) Day of Reconciliation
B) Freedom Day
C) Soweto Uprising
D) Sharpeville Massacre
- 26. Which term describes people of mixed race under Apartheid?
A) Black
B) White
C) Coloured
D) Indian
- 27. Which religious leader spoke out against Apartheid and received the Nobel Peace Prize?
A) Mahatma Gandhi
B) Nelson Mandela
C) Desmond Tutu
D) Martin Luther King Jr.
- 28. In what year was the Sharpeville Massacre?
A) 1961
B) 1960
C) 1976
D) 1956
- 29. Who was the first black woman to receive a Nobel Peace Prize?
A) Albertina Sisulu
B) Winnie Mandela
C) Wangari Maathai
D) Bishop Desmond Tutu
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