Gamma ray - Quiz
Gamma ray
  • 1. What percentage of the average radiation dose in the United Kingdom is accounted for by natural gamma radiation?
A) 5%
B) 13%
C) 3.6%
D) 20%
  • 2. What is the average total annual radiation dose received per inhabitant in the USA?
A) 14 mSv
B) 1 to 2 mSv
C) 0.06 mSv
D) 3.6 mSv
  • 3. How much radiation dose is typically delivered by a chest CT scan?
A) 50 mSv
B) 14 to 32 mSv
C) 5 to 8 mSv
D) 0.06 mSv
  • 4. What is the approximate radiation dose from fluoroscopy of the stomach?
A) 50 mSv
B) 5 to 8 mSv
C) 14 mSv
D) 3.6 mSv
  • 5. What is the LD50 dose for an acute exposure to radiation for the human population?
A) 2.0–3.5 Sv
B) 7.5–10 Sv
C) 1 Sv
D) 3–5 Sv
  • 6. What is the SI unit of absorbed dose?
A) rem
B) röntgen
C) rad
D) gray
  • 7. What is the radiation weighting conversion factor for gamma radiation?
A) 0.5
B) 20
C) 5
D) 1
  • 8. What is the primary distinction used today to differentiate X-rays from gamma rays?
A) Color
B) Energy level
C) Wavelength
D) Origin
  • 9. Where are X-rays emitted from by definition?
A) Isomeric transition
B) The nucleus
C) Electrons outside the nucleus
D) Particle annihilation
  • 10. How does the risk of dying from cancer increase for a nuclear worker exposed to a 100 mSv dose?
A) 2 percent
B) 32 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 10 percent
  • 11. What is the deprecated CGS unit for equivalent dose?
A) rem
B) rad
C) röntgen
D) gray
  • 12. Which isotope produces gamma radiation of 140 keV, similar to diagnostic X-ray machines?
A) uranium-235
B) technetium-99m
C) nickel-56
D) cobalt-56
  • 13. Above what dose to the entire body will bone-marrow transplants fail to prevent death?
A) 7.5–10 Sv
B) 5 Sv
C) 1 Sv
D) 3–5 Sv
  • 14. What is the legacy unit of radiation exposure that was used starting in 1928?
A) sievert
B) gray
C) rad
D) röntgen
  • 15. In astronomy, what factor primarily determines the required detectors for high-energy photons?
A) Atomic origin
B) Radioactive decay
C) Photon energy
D) Isomeric half-life
  • 16. Most astrophysical gamma-ray photons arise from which process?
A) Thermal agitation
B) Radioactive decay
C) Sub-atomic particle and particle-photon interactions
D) Molecular vibration
  • 17. What is the term for a brief pulse of gamma radiation produced by thunderstorms?
A) Synchrotron pulse
B) Solar flare burst
C) Terrestrial gamma-ray flash
D) Cosmic background flash
  • 18. What mechanism produces the gamma rays in terrestrial thunderstorms?
A) Inverse Compton scattering
B) Pair production
C) Nuclear decay
D) Bremsstrahlung
  • 19. How are electrons accelerated in terrestrial thunderstorms to produce gamma rays?
A) Gravity
B) Radioactive decay
C) Magnetic fields
D) High intensity static electric fields
  • 20. What is the maximum energy level mentioned for gamma rays emitted by thunderstorms?
A) 1 MeV
B) 100 MeV
C) 10 GeV
D) 511 keV
  • 21. In what year did the first confident observation of gamma rays from solar flares occur?
A) 2017
B) 1972
C) 1987
D) 1950
  • 22. What is the energy level of gamma rays produced by pair-production from cosmic rays colliding with matter?
A) 100 MeV
B) 200 keV
C) 511 keV
D) 1 GeV
  • 23. What type of stars are pulsars thought to be?
A) Neutron stars
B) Red giants
C) Supernovas
D) White dwarfs
  • 24. What are the most common sources of gamma rays in the Milky Way?
A) Solar flares
B) Pulsars
C) Black holes
D) Quasars
  • 25. Which astronomical objects are responsible for most gamma ray sources outside our galaxy?
A) Pulsars
B) Quasars
C) Magnetars
D) Supernovae
  • 26. What process involves charged particles imparting energy to low-energy photons to boost their energy?
A) Inverse Compton scattering
B) Bremsstrahlung
C) Pair production
D) Synchrotron radiation
  • 27. What are neutron stars with very high magnetic fields called?
A) Magnetars
B) Quasars
C) Pulsars
D) Supernovas
  • 28. What was proposed in October 2017 by European scientists to create GeV photons?
A) Magnetar collisions
B) Nuclear reactors
C) Lasers as exciters
D) Cosmic ray bombardment
  • 29. Who discovered gamma radiation in 1900?
A) Ernest Rutherford
B) Paul Villard
C) Henri Becquerel
D) Edward Andrade
  • 30. What is the process that creates gamma rays via radioactive decay?
A) Gamma decay
B) Alpha decay
C) Beta decay
D) X-ray emission
  • 31. Who named the rays 'gamma rays' in 1903?
A) Ernest Rutherford
B) Paul Villard
C) Henri Becquerel
D) Edward Andrade
  • 32. Which rays were discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1896?
A) X-rays
B) Beta rays
C) Alpha rays
D) Gamma rays
  • 33. What year were alpha rays discovered by Rutherford?
A) 1903
B) 1896
C) 1900
D) 1899
  • 34. What was the basis for naming alpha, beta, and gamma rays?
A) Penetrating power
B) Frequency
C) Magnetic deflection
D) Mass of particles
  • 35. Which of the three ray types is the most penetrating?
A) Beta rays
B) Gamma rays
C) Alpha rays
D) X-rays
  • 36. Which of the three ray types is the least penetrating?
A) Gamma rays
B) Alpha rays
C) Delta rays
D) Beta rays
  • 37. What property of gamma rays showed they were unlike alpha and beta rays regarding magnetic fields?
A) They were attracted to the positive pole
B) They were attracted to the negative pole
C) They were not deflected
D) They were heavily deflected
  • 38. What did scientists initially believe about gamma rays regarding mass?
A) They were pure energy without mass
B) They were particles with mass
C) They were atoms
D) They were electromagnetic waves
  • 39. What observation in 1914 proved gamma rays were electromagnetic radiation?
A) Deflection in a magnetic field
B) Reflection from crystal surfaces
C) Emission from radium
D) Interaction with alpha particles
  • 40. How do gamma ray wavelengths compare to X-ray wavelengths?
A) They are identical
B) They are shorter
C) They are twice as long
D) They are longer
  • 41. Who worked with Rutherford to measure the wavelengths of gamma rays from radium?
A) Henri Becquerel
B) Edward Andrade
C) Paul Villard
D) Marie Curie
  • 42. What is the symbol for gamma radiation?
A) γ
B) X
C) α
D) β
  • 43. Which astronomical source has been observed to emit TeV range gamma rays?
A) Mars
B) Cygnus X-3
C) The Sun
D) The Moon
  • 44. Which materials are recommended for shielding against gamma rays?
A) Lead or concrete
B) Plastic or glass
C) Aluminum or steel
D) Wood or paper
  • 45. What is the primary danger posed by gamma rays to living organisms?
A) Ionizing radiation causing DNA mutations
B) Heat exhaustion
C) Allergic reactions
D) Optical damage
  • 46. What is the state of a daughter nucleus immediately following alpha or beta decay?
A) Negatively charged state
B) Neutral ground state
C) Stable ground state
D) Excited state
  • 47. What is the term for a relatively long-lived excited nucleus?
A) Nuclear isomer
B) Alpha isomer
C) Ground state isotope
D) Beta transition atom
  • 48. What is the decay of a nuclear isomer called?
A) Atomic conversion
B) Primary gamma decay
C) Isomeric transition
D) Beta-plus decay
  • 49. What happens to the rate of gamma decay if the energy of excitation is small?
A) It becomes instantaneous
B) It stops completely
C) It is slowed
D) It is accelerated
  • 50. To which shell of electrons is an emitted gamma ray most likely to transfer energy?
A) M shell
B) Valence shell
C) K shell
D) L shell
  • 51. What is the process where an electron is ejected from an atom by a gamma ray called?
A) Nuclear fission
B) Photoelectric effect
C) Isomeric transition
D) Beta decay
  • 52. In the decay of cobalt-60, what particle is emitted during the beta decay to excited nickel-60?
A) Alpha particle
B) Electron
C) Neutron
D) Proton
  • 53. What percentage of the time does cobalt-60 follow the specified decay path?
A) 100%
B) 99.00%
C) 99.88%
D) 95.50%
  • 54. Americium-241 decays into which daughter nucleus via alpha decay?
A) Platinum-192
B) Cobalt-60
C) Neptunium-237
D) Nickel-60
  • 55. Which of the following pairs is mentioned as having a complex gamma emission spectrum?
A) 192Ir/60Ni
B) 60Co/60Ni
C) 241Am/60Ni
D) 192Ir/192Pt
  • 56. Gamma rays are typically the products of which type of system?
A) Negatively charged systems
B) Ionized systems
C) Positively charged systems
D) Neutral systems
  • 57. Gamma rays produced in particle physics typically decay through which interaction?
A) Electromagnetic interaction
B) Gravitational interaction
C) Strong interaction
D) Weak interaction
  • 58. What process occurs when gamma rays above 1022 keV interact with nuclei?
A) Beta emission
B) Nuclear fusion
C) Alpha decay
D) Pair production
  • 59. A neutral pion most often decays into what?
A) Two photons
B) Two positrons
C) Two electrons
D) One gamma ray and one neutron
  • 60. What is the thought to be the primary engine powering the gamma ray production in quasars and active galaxies?
A) A central dwarf star
B) A cluster of neutron stars
C) A supermassive black hole
D) Colliding dark matter clouds
  • 61. How are quasar gamma ray sources described when viewed through telescopes?
A) Intermittent bursts
B) Total darkness
C) Extremely flickering sparks
D) Relatively continuous
  • 62. What is the size limit suggested by the fluctuation duration of these sources?
A) Exactly one light-year across
B) Less than a few light-weeks across
C) Over a thousand light-weeks across
D) More than a few light-years across
  • 63. What other frequency of electromagnetic waves, besides gamma rays, is emitted by a typical quasar?
A) Radio waves
B) Seismic waves
C) Sound waves
D) Water waves
  • 64. What fraction of a quasar's total power output is estimated to be gamma radiation?
A) The majority
B) A small fraction
C) Exactly half
D) None of it
  • 65. What focuses the particle beams in a hypernova explosion?
A) The density of the Earth's atmosphere
B) The magnetic field
C) The event horizon of a star
D) A black hole's gravitational lens
  • 66. What is used to measure the thickness of material needed to reduce gamma ray intensity by half?
A) Stopping power index
B) Energy attenuation factor
C) Half-value layer
D) Atomic number density
  • 67. In nuclear power plants, what provides shielding for fuel rods during transport?
A) Water
B) Depleted uranium
C) Steel plates
D) Lead bricks
  • 68. What is required to shield against higher energy gamma rays?
A) No shielding is required
B) Thinner shielding
C) Lower density material
D) Thicker shielding
  • 69. What is the relationship between the probability of gamma ray absorption and material thickness?
A) Inversely proportional
B) Proportional
C) Exponential
D) Logarithmic
  • 70. Which variable represents the absorption coefficient in the formula I(x)=I0⋅e−μx?
A) μ
B) I
C) x
D) e
  • 71. What determines the atomic density (n) in the absorption coefficient formula?
A) Weight of the material
B) Number of atoms per cm3
C) Thickness of the material
D) Total number of electrons
  • 72. What is the specific technique that utilizes gamma ray resonance?
A) X-ray crystallography
B) Mössbauer spectroscopy
C) Electron diffraction
D) Franck–Condon spectroscopy
  • 73. What can gamma radiation change white topaz into?
A) Red ruby
B) Clear diamond
C) Blue topaz
D) Green emerald
  • 74. How many containers per hour can CSI gamma ray scanners scan?
A) 30
B) 10
C) 50
D) 100
  • 75. What is the process of using gamma radiation to kill living organisms called?
A) Ionization
B) Autoclaving
C) Irradiation
D) Sterilization
  • 76. Why can gamma rays be used to diagnose cancer in PET scans?
A) Cancer cells absorb gamma rays
B) Cancer has a higher metabolic rate
C) Gamma rays reflect off tumors
D) Cancer cells emit radiation
  • 77. What is the health risk associated with low levels of gamma rays?
A) Deterministic health risk.
B) Immediate tissue necrosis.
C) Stochastic health risk.
D) Acute organ failure.
  • 78. What kind of effects result from high doses of gamma radiation?
A) Stochastic effects.
B) Deterministic effects.
C) Beneficial mutations.
D) Adaptive immune responses.
  • 79. What is the physical quantity used to measure deterministic effects?
A) Absorbed dose.
B) Equivalent dose.
C) Total genetic damage.
D) Milli-Sievert count.
  • 80. Can cells repair DNA damage caused by radiation?
A) Yes, within limits.
B) Only after the cell dies.
C) No, damage is always permanent.
D) Only if the radiation is alpha type.
  • 81. In the study of mice, how many days after continuous low-dose radiation were genotoxic effects observed?
A) 100 days.
B) 10 days.
C) 1 day.
D) 45 days.
  • 82. What long-term condition did the irradiated rats show?
A) Liver failure.
B) Skin lesions.
C) Cardiomyopathy.
D) Neurological decay.
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