Molecular diffusion - Quiz
Molecular diffusion
  • 1. What is collective diffusion defined as?
A) The chemical reaction of particles
B) The diffusion of a large number of particles
C) The diffusion of a single particle
D) The motion of a fluid in a pipe
  • 2. How does Brownian motion differ from collective diffusion?
A) It involves repulsive interactions only
B) It only occurs in gases
C) It refers to the diffusion of a single particle
D) It requires high concentration
  • 3. What characterizes an ideal mix condition?
A) Particles always repel each other
B) Interactions between all components are identical
C) The particles are larger than the solvent molecules
D) The diffusion coefficient increases with concentration
  • 4. In an ideal mix, what is true about the diffusion coefficient D?
A) It decreases as concentration increases
B) It is independent of particle concentration
C) It increases as concentration increases
D) It is dependent on concentration
  • 5. What happens to the diffusion coefficient if particle interactions are attractive?
A) It becomes zero
B) It tends to increase as concentration increases
C) It remains constant
D) It tends to decrease as concentration increases
  • 6. What effect do repulsive interactions have on the diffusion coefficient?
A) It makes the diffusion coefficient constant
B) It tends to decrease as concentration increases
C) It causes precipitation
D) It tends to increase as concentration increases
  • 7. What happens when attractive particles reach a concentration above a certain threshold?
A) They coalesce and form clusters
B) They move faster
C) They become a gas
D) The diffusion coefficient becomes zero
  • 8. The formation of clusters due to attractive particle interactions is equivalent to which process?
A) Brownian motion
B) Precipitation
C) Ideal mixing
D) Evaporation
  • 9. In which environment does molecular diffusion of gases occur?
A) Stagnant fluid or laminar flow
B) Solid state only
C) Turbulent flow only
D) Vacuum only
  • 10. What is the concentration gradient of A represented as in the text?
A) -dCA/dx
B) dCA/dx
C) dCA/dt
D) D * dCA/dx
  • 11. Why is there a negative sign in the concentration gradient expression?
A) Diffusion is moving in the negative direction
B) The temperature is decreasing
C) The number of molecules is negative
D) Concentration of A decreases as distance x increases
  • 12. What does Fick's law represent?
A) The pressure of the gas
B) The rate of diffusion NA
C) The total number of molecules
D) The temperature of the gas
  • 13. Under what condition is Fick's law applicable?
A) Turbulent mixing
B) High pressure only
C) No bulk motion
D) Constant temperature only
  • 14. What does the diffusivity DAB depend on?
A) Only the distance x
B) Average molecular velocity
C) The volume of the container
D) Only the concentration
  • 15. What factors influence the diffusivity DAB?
A) Only the concentration gradient
B) Only the fluid viscosity
C) Only the container shape
D) Temperature and pressure
  • 16. How is the rate of diffusion NA expressed?
A) Number of moles per unit area per unit time
B) Number of moles per unit volume
C) Force per unit area
D) Distance per unit time
  • 17. What is the driving force of molecular diffusion?
A) Temperature gradient only
B) Average molecular velocity
C) Pressure gradient only
D) Concentration gradient
  • 18. What is a steady state condition in diffusion?
A) The pressure is equalized
B) Neither dCA/dx nor dCB/dx change with time
C) The concentration is zero
D) Diffusion stops completely
  • 19. What is the self-diffusion coefficient of water at 25 °C?
A) 1.261·10−8 m2·s−1
B) 2.299·10−9 m2·s−1
C) 2.299·10−8 m2·s−1
D) 1.261·10−9 m2·s−1
  • 20. In what state does self-diffusion typically take place?
A) Equilibrium
B) High concentration gradient
C) Non-equilibrium
D) Phase transition
  • 21. What property does the NMR spin echo experiment use to distinguish identical species?
A) Nuclear spin precession phase
B) Molecular vibration frequency
C) Atomic mass
D) Electronic charge
  • 22. What is the self-diffusion coefficient of water at 4 °C?
A) 2.299·10−8 m2·s−1
B) 1.261·10−9 m2·s−1
C) 2.299·10−9 m2·s−1
D) 1.261·10−8 m2·s−1
  • 23. What is the minimum temperature required for molecular diffusion to occur?
A) Below absolute zero
B) Above absolute zero
C) Room temperature
D) Above 100 degrees Celsius
  • 24. What mathematical laws are typically used to describe molecular diffusion?
A) Newton's laws
B) Dalton's laws
C) Fick's laws
D) Hooke's laws
  • 25. Which industry application involves the use of diffusion to produce ceramics?
A) Distillation
B) Sintering
C) Extrusion
D) Crystallization
  • 26. How is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane classified?
A) Sintering
B) Doping
C) Catalysis
D) Osmosis
  • 27. What biological organs rely on diffusion across a large surface area for gas exchange?
A) Liver
B) Lungs
C) Kidneys
D) Stomach
  • 28. Which of the following can be used to modify the properties of steel via diffusion?
A) Gold
B) Lead
C) Silver
D) Carbon
  • 29. What is the result of molecular diffusion in a phase with uniform temperature and no external forces?
A) Creation of an energy gradient
B) Increase in viscosity
C) Separation of phases
D) Complete mixing
  • 30. During semiconductor production, what process uses diffusion?
A) Cleaning
B) Soldering
C) Doping
D) Etching
  • 31. Which molecules move through cells via diffusion to support life?
A) Amino acids
B) Cell walls
C) Large proteins
D) Complex carbohydrates
  • 32. How can the diffusion process be described in terms of reversibility?
A) Cyclic
B) Reversible
C) Irreversible
D) Equilibrium-based
  • 33. Which theoretical framework is used to model non-equilibrium fluid systems?
A) Landau-Lifshitz fluctuating hydrodynamics
B) Quantum electrodynamics
C) General relativity
D) Newtonian mechanics
  • 34. In Landau-Lifshitz fluctuating hydrodynamics, what is diffusion caused by?
A) Chemical bond creation
B) Fluctuations
C) External heat sources
D) Gravitational forces
  • 35. Under what condition might classical results be applied to non-equilibrium systems?
A) When the system is cold
B) When the system is large
C) When the system is at equilibrium
D) Locally in quasi-steady states
  • 36. Which equation relates partial pressure to molar concentration for an ideal gas?
A) PA = CA + RT
B) PA = CA / RT
C) PA = CA - RT
D) PA = CART
  • 37. What conclusion is drawn about DAB and DBA?
A) DAB = DBA
B) DAB = 2DBA
C) DAB = DBA / 2
D) DAB = -DBA
  • 38. Which assumption is required for the relation PA = CART?
A) The gas is at zero temperature
B) The gas is at high pressure
C) The gas is incompressible
D) The gas behaves ideally
Created with That Quiz — where test making and test taking are made easy for math and other subject areas.