Colonial Brazil - Quiz
Colonial Brazil
  • 1. What is Colonial Brazil also referred to as?
A) Spanish Brazil
B) New Portugal
C) The Lusophone Empire
D) Portuguese America
  • 2. In what year did Portuguese arrivals mark the beginning of Colonial Brazil?
A) 1815
B) 1494
C) 1530
D) 1500
  • 3. In what year was Brazil elevated to a kingdom in union with Portugal?
A) 1815
B) 1700
C) 1500
D) 1494
  • 4. How many years of Brazilian colonial history are mentioned?
A) 400 years
B) 300 years
C) 100 years
D) 200 years
  • 5. What was the economic activity of the first economic cycle in colonial Brazil?
A) Diamond mining
B) Brazilwood extraction
C) Gold mining
D) Sugar production
  • 6. What gave the territory of Brazil its name?
A) The Amazon River
B) The gold mines
C) Brazilwood
D) The King of Portugal
  • 7. What was the economic activity of the second main economic cycle in colonial Brazil?
A) Sugar production
B) Brazilwood extraction
C) Rubber tapping
D) Coffee cultivation
  • 8. What was the economic activity of the final economic cycle in colonial Brazil?
A) Gold and diamond mining
B) Brazilwood extraction
C) Cattle ranching
D) Tobacco farming
  • 9. Where did most of the workforce for the Brazilian export economy come from after the initial period?
A) Africa
B) Europe
C) Asia
D) North America
  • 10. Who provided the workforce during the brief initial period of the export economy?
A) Spanish merchants
B) Portuguese colonists
C) Indigenous groups
D) Slaves from Africa
  • 11. What was the main purpose of Indigenous slavery during the early colonial period?
A) To cut brazilwood
B) To build port cities
C) To cultivate sugar
D) To mine gold
  • 12. Where was the colony of Brazil settled mainly by the Portuguese?
A) In the Amazon basin
B) In the coastal area
C) In the southern plains
D) In the Andean highlands
  • 13. What population worked heavily on sugar plantations and mines alongside the Portuguese?
A) Spanish settlers
B) A free Asian labor force
C) A large black slave population
D) A large European indentured servant population
  • 14. Unlike Portuguese Brazil, what did neighboring Spanish possessions have?
A) Only one governor
B) No coastal settlements
C) Several viceroyalties
D) A single monarch
  • 15. What undermined Brazil's sugar age?
A) A massive drought
B) The exhaustion of gold mines
C) The growth of the sugar industry in the Caribbean
D) The abolition of slavery
  • 16. On what types of locations did European powers seize islands to grow sugar and undermine Brazil?
A) The Pacific
B) The Caribbean
C) The Indian Ocean
D) The Mediterranean
  • 17. Where were gold and diamonds discovered and mined through the end of the colonial era?
A) The western borderlands
B) Southern Brazil
C) The Amazon region
D) Northern Brazil
  • 18. What kind of cities were Brazilian cities largely?
A) Mining camps
B) Mountain fortresses
C) Port cities
D) Inland agricultural hubs
  • 19. From which city was the colonial administrative capital moved?
A) Rio de Janeiro
B) São Paulo
C) Salvador
D) Lisbon
  • 20. To which city was the colonial administrative capital moved?
A) Recife
B) Salvador
C) Brasília
D) Rio de Janeiro
  • 21. What caused the colonial administrative capital to be moved?
A) The discovery of the Amazon river
B) A Spanish invasion
C) An earthquake
D) The rise and fall of export products' importance
  • 22. What political structure did Brazil maintain upon independence, unlike Spanish America?
A) A single administrative unit under a monarch
B) A parliamentary republic
C) A federation of independent states
D) A collection of separate colonies
  • 23. What was the name of the monarchy Brazil became upon independence?
A) Empire of Brazil
B) Kingdom of Portugal and Brazil
C) United States of Brazil
D) Republic of Brazil
  • 24. What did Brazil become as a result of remaining a single administrative unit?
A) The wealthiest nation in the world
B) The most populous Spanish colony
C) The largest country in Latin America
D) The only European territory in the Americas
  • 25. What was a core source of cohesion among Spain's vast and multi-ethnic territories?
A) Spanish and Roman Catholicism
B) Protestantism and trade
C) Local indigenous laws
D) The Portuguese language
  • 26. What two elements united Brazilian society?
A) French and the sugar trade
B) The Portuguese language and Roman Catholicism
C) Spanish and Roman Catholicism
D) Indigenous languages and Protestantism
  • 27. What is Brazil noted as in the Americas regarding its language?
A) The only Hispanic polity
B) The only Anglophone polity
C) The only Francophone polity
D) The only Lusophone polity
  • 28. What nation pioneered the European charting of sea routes between continents?
A) Britain
B) Portugal
C) Spain
D) France
  • 29. What process was begun by Portugal's charting of sea routes?
A) Globalization
B) The Renaissance
C) Industrialization
D) Colonization of Asia
  • 30. What fields saw pronounced advancements during the early years of Portuguese exploration?
A) Cartography, shipbuilding, and navigational instruments
B) Printing, architecture, and weaponry
C) Agriculture, metallurgy, and astronomy
D) Medicine, mathematics, and weaving
  • 31. In what year was the Treaty of Tordesillas signed?
A) 1815
B) 1500
C) 1494
D) 1530
  • 32. Who divided the New World between the two Iberian Peninsula kingdoms in 1494?
A) The Treaty of Tordesillas
B) Pedro Álvares Cabral
C) King Manuel I
D) The Pope
  • 33. Which two kingdoms divided the New World in the Treaty of Tordesillas?
A) Spain and France
B) Portugal and the Netherlands
C) Portugal and England
D) The two kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula
  • 34. Which navigator landed in what is now Brazil in 1500?
A) Ferdinand Magellan
B) Pedro Álvares Cabral
C) Vasco da Gama
D) Christopher Columbus
  • 35. In whose name did Pedro Álvares Cabral lay claim to Brazil?
A) King Ferdinand of Spain
B) The Pope
C) King John II of Portugal
D) King Manuel I of Portugal
  • 36. What valuable resource did the Portuguese identify in brazilwood?
A) A building timber
B) A spice for food preservation
C) A medicinal herb
D) A red dye source
  • 37. What did the Portuguese attempt to force indigenous groups in Brazil to do with brazilwood?
A) Cut the trees
B) Plant more trees
C) Burn the forests
D) Transport it to Spain
  • 38. What type of product was brazilwood considered by the Portuguese?
A) A prohibited export
B) An agricultural crop
C) A sacred plant
D) An exploitable product
  • 39. In which century did Portuguese seafarers begin to expand from the Iberian Peninsula?
A) Early seventeenth century
B) Early sixteenth century
C) Early fourteenth century
D) Early fifteenth century
  • 40. What Muslim fortress in North Africa was seized by the Portuguese?
A) Melilla
B) Casablanca
C) Ceuta
D) Tangier
  • 41. What type of fortified commercial settlements did the Portuguese set up?
A) Encomiendas
B) Presidios
C) Feitorias
D) Haciendas
  • 42. Who bore the initial costs of setting up the Portuguese commercial posts?
A) Local African rulers
B) The Catholic Church
C) Private investors
D) The Portuguese Crown
  • 43. Which mariner sailed for Castile to the Caribbean?
A) Pedro Alvares Cabral
B) Ferdinand Magellan
C) Christopher Columbus
D) Vasco da Gama
  • 44. According to the Treaty of Tordesillas, land discovered west of the meridian belonged to whom?
A) France
B) Portugal
C) Spain
D) The Netherlands
  • 45. What is the modern name of the place where Cabral arrived in Brazil?
A) São Vicente
B) Salvador
C) Porto Seguro
D) Rio de Janeiro
  • 46. How many ships were in Cabral's fleet when he reached Brazil?
A) 20 ships
B) 13 ships
C) 8 ships
D) 3 ships
  • 47. Approximately how many men were in Cabral's fleet?
A) Exactly 5,000 men
B) Around 200 men
C) More than 1,000 men
D) Roughly 500 men
  • 48. Where was Cabral's fleet originally heading before landing in Brazil?
A) West Africa
B) China
C) India
D) The Azores
  • 49. Whose route around Africa was Cabral following?
A) Ferdinand Magellan
B) Christopher Columbus
C) Vicente Yáñez Pinzón
D) Vasco da Gama
  • 50. How many days did Cabral spend safely entering and leaving Brazil?
A) One year
B) Three days
C) Ten days
D) Thirty days
  • 51. Which Spanish navigator came to the northeastern coast of Brazil just a few months before Cabral?
A) Amerigo Vespucci
B) Vicente Yáñez Pinzón
C) Alonso de Ojeda
D) Juan de la Cosa
  • 52. How many Spanish men were killed when Pinzón's men were captured by indigenous people?
A) Two men
B) All of his men
C) Fifteen men
D) Eight men
  • 53. What is a degredado?
A) A naval captain
B) A royal tax collector
C) A criminal exile
D) An indigenous leader
  • 54. Where was brazilwood extracted from?
A) Highland mountain ranges
B) The coastal savannah
C) Dry desert regions
D) The tropical rainforest
  • 55. Who initially performed the work of extracting brazilwood for the Europeans?
A) The natives
B) Enslaved Africans
C) Portuguese convicts
D) Spanish mercenaries
  • 56. Who lived among the Guaianaz tribe near today's São Paulo?
A) João Ramalho
B) Martim Afonso de Sousa
C) Vicente Yáñez Pinzón
D) Diogo Álvares Correia
  • 57. What alternative name was acquired by Diogo Álvares Correia?
A) Caramuru
B) Cabral
C) Ramalho
D) Pinzón
  • 58. Which tribe did Diogo Álvares Correia (Caramuru) live among near today's Salvador?
A) Tupinambá
B) Guaianaz
C) Yanomami
D) Guarani
  • 59. Which European country started sending excursions to Brazil to extract brazilwood, worrying the Portuguese?
A) Spain
B) France
C) England
D) The Netherlands
  • 60. In what year did an expedition led by Martim Afonso de Sousa arrive in Brazil?
A) 1530
B) 1580
C) 1492
D) 1500
  • 61. What was the name of one of the first colonial villages created on the coast by Martim Afonso de Sousa's expedition?
A) Rio de Janeiro
B) São Vicente
C) Porto Seguro
D) Recife
  • 62. Into how many private, hereditary captaincies was the land initially divided?
A) Twelve
B) Twenty
C) Ten
D) Fifteen
  • 63. How did Pernambuco achieve success?
A) Growing sugarcane
B) Mining for gold
C) Trading spices with India
D) Enslaving indigenous native people
  • 64. Who did Tomé de Sousa bring along to set up missions?
A) Spanish soldiers
B) Jesuit priests
C) Franciscan monks
D) Dominican friars
  • 65. What did the Jesuit priests forbid the natives to do?
A) Grow sugarcane
B) Express their own cultures
C) Learn Portuguese
D) Travel to Europe
  • 66. Who did the Portuguese expel with the help of the Jesuits' work?
A) The Dutch
B) The French
C) The Spanish
D) The British
  • 67. Which island's successful colonization inspired the hereditary captaincies system in Brazil?
A) Cape Verde
B) Azores
C) Madeira
D) São Tomé
  • 68. Who owned the successful captaincy of Pernambuco?
A) Mem de Sá
B) Martim Afonso de Sousa
C) Tomé de Sousa
D) Duarte Coelho
  • 69. What city was founded by Duarte Coelho in 1536?
A) Salvador
B) São Vicente
C) Olinda
D) Rio de Janeiro
  • 70. What were the sugarcane mills installed in Pernambuco after 1542 called?
A) Fincas
B) Plantations
C) Haciendas
D) Engenhos
  • 71. In what year did Tomé de Sousa set sail to establish a central government in Brazil?
A) 1534
B) 1549
C) 1565
D) 1556
  • 72. In which state is the city of Salvador located today?
A) São Paulo
B) Bahia
C) Rio de Janeiro
D) Pernambuco
  • 73. Near which bay was the city of Salvador built?
A) Guanabara Bay
B) Rio de Janeiro Bay
C) All Saints Bay
D) Todos os Santos Bay is not mentioned
  • 74. When was the Diocese of São Salvador da Bahia established?
A) 1621
B) 1551
C) 1556
D) 1549
  • 75. What years did Duarte da Costa govern Brazil?
A) 1621–1640
B) 1553–1557
C) 1557–1573
D) 1549–1553
  • 76. Who was the first bishop of Brazil, who was killed and eaten in 1556?
A) Duarte Coelho
B) Pero Fernandes Sardinha
C) Mem de Sá
D) Tomé de Sousa
  • 77. Which indigenous group killed and ate the first bishop of Brazil after a shipwreck?
A) Tupinambá
B) Guarani
C) Botocudo
D) Caeté
  • 78. What years did Mem de Sá govern Brazil?
A) 1763–1775
B) 1557–1573
C) 1549–1553
D) 1553–1557
  • 79. With whose help did Mem de Sá expel the French from France Antarctique?
A) The Franciscan friars
B) The local indigenous tribes
C) The Jesuits
D) The Spanish navy
  • 80. What relation was Estácio de Sá to Mem de Sá?
A) Cousin
B) Son
C) Brother
D) Nephew
  • 81. In what year was the colony divided in two due to its huge size?
A) 1549
B) 1763
C) 1621
D) 1775
  • 82. Which king created the two states of Brasil and Maranhão in 1621?
A) Sebastian I
B) Philip II
C) John III
D) Manuel I
  • 83. In what year was the state of Maranhão further divided into Maranhão e Piauí and Grão-Pará e Rio Negro?
A) 1775
B) 1737
C) 1621
D) 1763
  • 84. What was the capital of Grão-Pará e Rio Negro?
A) São Luís
B) Salvador
C) Belém do Pará
D) Rio de Janeiro
  • 85. What title did governors of Brazil belonging to the high nobility start to use after 1640?
A) Capitão-mor
B) Ouvidor-geral
C) Governador-Geral
D) Vice-rei (Viceroy)
  • 86. In what year was the capital of the State of Brazil transferred from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro?
A) 1549
B) 1763
C) 1775
D) 1621
  • 87. In what year were all Brazilian States unified into the Viceroyalty of Brazil?
A) 1775
B) 1763
C) 1621
D) 1640
  • 88. What was each colonial village and city's council called in Portuguese?
A) Conselho colonial
B) Câmara dos deputados
C) Câmara municipal
D) Assembleia local
  • 89. What responsibilities did colonial city councils have?
A) Appointing the Governor-General and high magistrates
B) Regulating commerce, public infrastructure, professional artisans, prisons etc.
C) Setting foreign policy and declaring war on European rivals
D) Managing the sugar export tax revenue for the king
  • 90. What was the main spiritual justification for the Portuguese conquests?
A) Establishing military outposts
B) Finding precious metals
C) Expanding European trade routes
D) Spreading the Catholic faith
  • 91. In what year was the city of Rio de Janeiro founded with the help of the Jesuits?
A) 1595
B) 1565
C) 1552
D) 1765
  • 92. Where was the first grammar of the Tupi language printed in 1595?
A) Salvador
B) Coimbra
C) Rio de Janeiro
D) São Paulo
  • 93. What were the communities of resettlement created by the Jesuits called?
A) Capitancies
B) Aldeias
C) Reductions
D) Missions
  • 94. Did the Jesuits generally object to the enslavement of African people?
A) Yes
B) Only after 1765
C) No
D) Only initially
  • 95. What unintended negative consequence did the Jesuits bring to the aborigines?
A) Forced military conscription
B) Destruction of European architecture
C) Infectious diseases
D) Loss of agricultural skills
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