Henry II of England - Quiz
Henry II of England
  • 1. Which Irish king was deposed by Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair in the 1160s?
A) William of Scotland
B) Diarmait Mac Murchada
C) Richard de Clare
D) Geoffrey of Brittany
  • 2. Which Pope authorised the English invasion of Ireland?
A) Gregory VII
B) Alexander III
C) Adrian IV
D) Innocent II
  • 3. Where did Henry sail from to reach Ireland in 1171?
A) Canterbury
B) Gisors
C) Rouen
D) Pembroke
  • 4. What treaty in 1175 recognised Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair as the High King of Ireland?
A) Treaty of Windsor
B) Treaty of Oxford
C) Treaty of Alnwick
D) Treaty of Gisors
  • 5. What was the main reason Henry intervened in Ireland according to the text?
A) Concern that his nobles would acquire independent territories
B) To collect taxes from Irish lords
C) To find gold deposits
D) To marry an Irish princess
  • 6. Which English king's son felt held responsible for Thomas Becket's death?
A) Young Henry
B) John
C) Geoffrey
D) Richard
  • 7. Which of Henry's sons was married to Constance of Brittany?
A) Young Henry
B) Richard
C) Geoffrey
D) John
  • 8. Who captured Eleanor of Aquitaine in November 1173?
A) William of Scotland
B) Henry's forces
C) Philip of Flanders
D) Louis VII of France
  • 9. Where did the decisive Battle of Fornham take place in 1173?
A) England
B) Scotland
C) France
D) Normandy
  • 10. What did Henry do at Canterbury to help restore his royal authority?
A) Announced penance at Becket's tomb
B) Knighted his sons
C) Issued a new currency
D) Signed a peace treaty with Louis
  • 11. Who was captured by local forces at Alnwick in 1174?
A) Philip of Flanders
B) Young Henry
C) The Count of Blois
D) William of Scotland
  • 12. What was the primary reason the Treaty of Windsor failed?
A) Henry broke his promises
B) The Pope revoked the treaty
C) The Irish nobility revolted against Ua Conchobair
D) Ua Conchobair could not exert enough influence
  • 13. What military technology gave the Anglo-Normans an advantage in Ireland?
A) Castles
B) Longbows
C) Gunpowder
D) Heavy cavalry
  • 14. Which region remained relatively secure during the Great Revolt of 1173–1174?
A) Poitou
B) Maine
C) Anjou
D) Brittany
  • 15. What was the final destination of the French army during the final assault of the Great Revolt?
A) Canterbury
B) Paris
C) Alnwick
D) Rouen
  • 16. What is the vast domain controlled by Henry II often referred to as by historians?
A) The Carolingian Restoration
B) The Plantagenet Realm
C) The Norman Hegemony
D) The Angevin Empire
  • 17. Who ruled Henry II's lands in his absence?
A) Elected local councils
B) Seneschals and justiciars
C) Regional dukes and counts
D) The Archbishop of Canterbury
  • 18. What was a magnum concilium?
A) A great council
B) A military advisory board
C) A legal supreme court
D) A secret royal treasury
  • 19. What Latin term described Henry II's ability to punish or destroy his subjects?
A) Consilium et auxilium
B) Jus et lex
C) Rex et imperator
D) Ira et malevolentia
  • 20. What happened to the number of earldoms in England during Henry II's reign?
A) They increased significantly
B) They were abolished entirely
C) They shrank considerably
D) They remained exactly the same
  • 21. Which officials governed Anjou during Henry II's reign?
A) Bishops and knights
B) Prévôts and seneschals
C) Dukes and earls
D) Justiciars and sheriffs
  • 22. Whose efforts substantially increased ducal authority in Aquitaine in the late 1170s?
A) Richard's
B) The Norman bishops'
C) The local prévôts'
D) Henry's father's
  • 23. Which group of people helped reinforce Henry II's initial administration in England in 1153?
A) Stephen's senior nobility
B) The Irish regional kings
C) The Scottish monarchy
D) Invading Viking lords
  • 24. What characterized the links between the nobility in Normandy and England during Henry II's reign?
A) They were legally forbidden
B) They remained static
C) They continued to weaken
D) They became stronger than ever
  • 25. Where were the prévôts and seneschals based in Anjou?
A) Along the Loire and in western Touraine
B) In the capital of Normandy
C) Along the coast of Aquitaine
D) In the northern reaches of Scotland
  • 26. What was the function of the 'great council'?
A) To serve as a permanent parliament
B) To control the royal treasury
C) To independently draft new legislation
D) To advise the King and give assent to royal decisions
  • 27. Where did the senior English clergy meet with Henry before Easter in 1153?
A) Stockbridge, Hampshire
B) Malmesbury
C) Wallingford Castle
D) Winchester Cathedral
  • 28. Which castle did Henry besiege to draw Stephen's forces away from Wallingford?
A) London
B) Malmesbury
C) Oxford
D) Winchester
  • 29. Along which river did Henry evade Stephen's army?
A) The River Severn
B) The River Avon
C) The River Thames
D) The River Trent
  • 30. When did Henry and Stephen confront each other across the River Thames at Wallingford?
A) October
B) November
C) Easter
D) July
  • 31. Whose death removed the most obvious claimant to the throne besides Henry?
A) William
B) Eustace
C) Stephen
D) Robert of Leicester
  • 32. On what date did King Stephen die?
A) 25 October 1154
B) 1 January 1155
C) 25 July 1154
D) 25 November 1153
  • 33. What was the cause of Stephen's death?
A) A stomach disorder
B) An assassination plot
C) A fever
D) A battle wound
  • 34. In what year was Henry II born?
A) 1143
B) 1133
C) 1147
D) 1135
  • 35. Where was Henry II born?
A) Wiltshire
B) Bristol
C) Le Mans
D) York
  • 36. What was the name of the civil war between Matilda and Stephen?
A) The Hundred Years' War
B) The Angevin Conflict
C) The Anarchy
D) The War of the Roses
  • 37. Where was Henry sent in 1142 for his education and political visibility?
A) York
B) Le Mans
C) Bristol
D) Wiltshire
  • 38. Who instructed Henry during his time in Bristol?
A) Master Matthew
B) William of Conches
C) Peter of Saintes
D) Robert of Gloucester
  • 39. Which religious order in Bristol assisted in Henry's education?
A) Franciscans
B) St Augustine's canons
C) Benedictine monks
D) Cistercian monks
  • 40. How old was Henry when he led an expedition to England in 1147?
A) Fourteen
B) Nine
C) Seventeen
D) Twelve
  • 41. Where did Henry land when he invaded England in 1147?
A) York
B) Bristol
C) Le Mans
D) Wiltshire
  • 42. What city was the intended target of the alliance between Henry and Ranulf in 1149?
A) Le Mans
B) York
C) Bristol
D) Wiltshire
  • 43. Who was the Archbishop of Canterbury that Henry II came into conflict with?
A) William of Newburgh
B) Gerald of Wales
C) Louis VII
D) Thomas Becket
  • 44. What medical condition caused the death of 'Young Henry' in 1183?
A) Pneumonia
B) Smallpox
C) Bleeding ulcer
D) Dysentery
  • 45. Where did Henry II retreat and die in 1189?
A) Chinon Castle
B) Westminster
C) Tower of London
D) Canterbury
  • 46. What were the legal reforms of Henry II considered to be the basis of?
A) Roman Civil Law
B) The Magna Carta
C) English Common Law
D) Canon Law
  • 47. Which French ruler was Henry II's primary rival for decades?
A) Geoffrey Plantagenet
B) Stephen of Blois
C) Philip II
D) Louis VII
  • 48. What illness contributed to Henry II's weakened state before his death?
A) Heart disease
B) Bleeding ulcer
C) Stroke
D) Dysentery
  • 49. How many children did Henry and Eleanor have?
A) Eight
B) Four
C) Ten
D) Six
  • 50. In what year did Henry II invade Wales?
A) 1154
B) 1157
C) 1173
D) 1180
  • 51. What nickname was given to Henry II due to his preference for a short cloak?
A) The Red-Haired Duke
B) Curtmantle
C) The Short-Cloaked King
D) The Stocky Monarch
  • 52. What heraldic design was Henry II possibly the first English king to use?
A) A royal eagle
B) A dragon
C) A fleur-de-lis
D) A leopard or a lion
  • 53. What physical characteristic was Henry II known for as a result of his riding?
A) Stooped shoulders
B) A limp
C) Bow-legged
D) Tall and lanky
  • 54. Where were Henry and Eleanor crowned?
A) Westminster Abbey
B) Winchester Cathedral
C) London Tower
D) Canterbury Cathedral
  • 55. When did the royal court gather to swear fealty to the King and his sons?
A) April 1155
B) December 1157
C) April 1154
D) December 1154
  • 56. What was the term used for the unauthorised castles built during the civil war?
A) Imperial
B) Baronial
C) Fortified
D) Adulterine
  • 57. Which Norman stronghold did Madog ap Maredudd control?
A) Tenby
B) Llandovery
C) Whittington
D) Cardigan
  • 58. Who led the ambush against Henry's troops near Hawarden?
A) Owain Gwynedd
B) Rhys ap Gruffudd
C) Eustace fitz John
D) Madog ap Maredudd
  • 59. Which kingdom did Rhys ap Gruffudd rule?
A) Gwynedd
B) Iâl
C) Deheubarth
D) Powys
  • 60. What consequence did Henry enforce after the failure at the Battle of Crogen?
A) Blinding twenty-two Welsh hostages
B) Exiling the Marcher Lords
C) Burning Shrewsbury
D) Executing the leaders of the Welsh army
  • 61. In what year did the Battle of Crogen occur?
A) 1162
B) 1157
C) 1165
D) 1163
  • 62. Where did the Welsh who supported the Normans in north-east Wales settle after being displaced?
A) Ireland
B) Lancashire
C) Anjou
D) Scotland
  • 63. What was a major result of Henry's switch in policy toward the Welsh kings?
A) Marcher Lords turned their ambitions toward Ireland
B) The Welsh princes swore total allegiance to the French crown
C) Rhys ap Gruffudd was executed
D) Henry permanently conquered Gwynedd
  • 64. What was the result of Henry's second expedition in 1163?
A) Henry captured the entirety of Deheubarth
B) Rhys ap Gruffudd was forced into honourable custody
C) Henry was defeated at the Battle of Crogen
D) Rhys ap Gruffudd fled to Scotland
  • 65. Which of the following did Henry NOT recover by the end of 1157?
A) Overlordship of Gwynedd
B) Iâl
C) Cantref Mawr
D) Tegeingl
  • 66. Which historian likened the military tensions between Henry II and Louis VII to the Cold War?
A) Jean Dunbabin
B) Conan IV
C) William of Newburgh
D) Thierry of Flanders
  • 67. Who was the Count of Flanders that signed a military alliance with Henry II?
A) Geoffrey
B) Theobald V
C) Raymond V
D) Thierry
  • 68. What territory was proposed as a marriage dowry for Margaret in the 1158 deal?
A) Brittany
B) Normandy
C) The Vexin
D) Toulouse
  • 69. On whose behalf did Henry claim the county of Toulouse?
A) Margaret
B) Eleanor
C) Adèle
D) Constance
  • 70. What province did Henry seize while ravaging the area around Toulouse?
A) Champagne
B) Blois
C) Quercy
D) Normandy
  • 71. What castle did Henry seize in a surprise attack on Theobald V?
A) Chaumont
B) Neuf-Marché
C) Mont-Saint-Michel
D) Nantes
  • 72. Who oversaw the peace treaty of 1162?
A) Theobald V
B) Pope Alexander III
C) Henry II
D) Louis VII
  • 73. Which activity was Henry II's primary passion?
A) Naval exploration
B) Hunting
C) Tournament participation
D) Philosophy
  • 74. Why did Henry II oppose the holding of tournaments?
A) Security risks posed by armed knights
B) They were too expensive to host
C) The church forbade them
D) He found them morally offensive
  • 75. Which term describes Henry II's small inner circle of confidants and trusted servants?
A) Ministeriales
B) Amici
C) Familiares regis
D) Curia regis
  • 76. In what year was the General Eyre probably created?
A) 1154
B) 1179
C) 1176
D) 1166
  • 77. What legal action dealt with the inheritance rights of heirs?
A) Trial by ordeal
B) Mort d'ancestor
C) Dower unde nichil habet
D) Novel disseisin
  • 78. Who was one of Henry II's long-term mistresses?
A) Annabel of Normandy
B) Eleanor of Aquitaine
C) Matilda of Flanders
D) Rosamund Clifford
  • 79. Which family did the text describe as more cohesive than Henry II's own family?
A) The French Capetians
B) The Normans
C) The Angevins
D) The Plantagenets
  • 80. How were Henry II's relations with the bishops in Normandy described?
A) Generally very good
B) Hostile and argumentative
C) Non-existent due to complete separation
D) Dependent on the approval of the Pope
  • 81. Which of these was founded as part of Henry II's penance for the Becket murder?
A) St Nicolas in Angers
B) Reading Abbey
C) The Vatican
D) Witham Charterhouse
  • 82. What did Henry II do before setting sail due to the danger of sea travel?
A) Order the execution of his enemies
B) Consult with the Pope
C) Take full confession
D) Renounce his claim to the throne
  • 83. What type of institutions did Henry II build in France as part of his penance?
A) Hospitals for lepers
B) Markets for the peasantry
C) Universities for the clergy
D) Fortified military garrisons
  • 84. Where was the hospital dedicated to the dead Archbishop Thomas Becket located?
A) Somerset
B) Angers
C) London
D) Mont-Saint-Aignan
  • 85. What did Henry II use to determine the best time to travel?
A) Astrological charts only
B) Direct advice from the Archbishop
C) Royal decrees
D) Auguries
  • 86. What were the private estates of 12th-century rulers called?
A) Demesne
B) Pipe rolls
C) Mints
D) Exchequer
  • 87. Besides private estates and fines, how else did Henry II raise funds?
A) Maritime trade
B) Confiscating land
C) Borrowing
D) Selling churches
  • 88. What was the name of the institution that accounted for payments to the treasuries?
A) The exchequer
B) The mint
C) The chamber
D) The demesne
  • 89. By what percentage did royal income fall between 1129–30 and 1155–56?
A) 46 per cent
B) 55 per cent
C) 25 per cent
D) 12 per cent
  • 90. Which coin was issued in 1153 to stabilize the English currency?
A) Norman silver shilling
B) London gold florin
C) Awbridge silver penny
D) Short Cross penny
  • 91. Who helped Henry II reform the currency in 1158?
A) Stephen of Blois
B) Richard FitzNeal
C) Henry I
D) The King of France
  • 92. What was the name of the new penny introduced in 1180?
A) Awbridge
B) Royal Sterling
C) Short Cross
D) Long Cross
  • 93. How many mints remained across England after the reforms in 1180?
A) Five
B) Twenty
C) Ten
D) Fifty
  • 94. What was Henry II's average exchequer income after 1166?
A) Around £22,000
B) Around £30,000
C) Around £18,000
D) Around £10,000
  • 95. Where did Henry attack to force Louis to abandon his allies in 1167?
A) Chaumont-sur-Epte
B) Montmirail
C) Normandy
D) Toulouse
  • 96. Where were the peace talks held in 1169 regarding the inheritance?
A) Montmirail
B) Toulouse
C) Chaumont-sur-Epte
D) Bordeaux
  • 97. Which of Henry's sons was betrothed to Alicia, the daughter of the Count of Savoy?
A) John
B) Young Henry
C) Geoffrey
D) Richard
  • 98. What was the year Thomas Becket was appointed archbishop?
A) 1162
B) 1170
C) 1160
D) 1164
  • 99. Where did Becket flee in 1164?
A) France
B) Scotland
C) Rome
D) Ireland
  • 100. Who was an eyewitness to the murder of Thomas Becket?
A) Frederick I
B) Edward Grim
C) Thomas M. Jones
D) Josiah Cox Russell
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