- 1. Theoretical biology is an interdisciplinary field that applies mathematical and computational tools to study biological systems and processes. It aims to develop theoretical models and frameworks to understand complex biological phenomena, such as the dynamics of ecosystems, the behavior of cells, and the evolution of species. By using mathematical models, theoretical biologists can make predictions, test hypotheses, and gain insights into the underlying principles that govern living organisms. This field plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of biology and has applications in a wide range of areas, including genetics, ecology, and medicine.
Which scientist is known for proposing the theory of natural selection?
A) Gregor Mendel
B) Alfred Russel Wallace
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Charles Darwin
- 2. What is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment?
A) Cell Biology
B) Genetics
C) Evolution
D) Ecology
- 3. What is the basic unit of heredity?
A) Allele
B) Gene
C) Chromosome
D) Trait
- 4. Which of the following is a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
A) tRNA
B) siRNA
C) mRNA
D) rRNA
- 5. What type of bond holds complementary base pairs together in DNA?
A) Ionic bond
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Covalent bond
D) Van der Waals bond
- 6. What is the study of evolutionary history and relationships among organisms?
A) Molecular Biology
B) Developmental Biology
C) Phylogenetics
D) Paleontology
- 7. What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
A) Translating mRNA into protein
B) Replicating DNA
C) Synthesizing RNA from a DNA template
D) Synthesizing DNA from an RNA template
- 8. Which of the following is a type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected?
A) Mutualism
B) Parasitism
C) Competition
D) Commensalism
- 9. What is the term for the random changes in allele frequencies in a population?
A) Genetic drift
B) Natural selection
C) Mutation
D) Gene flow
- 10. Which scientist proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium as an evolutionary model?
A) Richard Dawkins
B) Carl Woese
C) Stephen Jay Gould
D) Lynn Margulis
- 11. What is the study of the structure and function of biological macromolecules?
A) Biochemistry
B) Microbiology
C) Immunology
D) Neuroscience
- 12. Which type of symmetry is exhibited by animals that can be divided into mirror image halves along any plane?
A) Spherical symmetry
B) Asymmetry
C) Bilateral symmetry
D) Radial symmetry
- 13. Where does glycolysis, the initial step of cellular respiration, occur in eukaryotic cells?
A) Endoplasmic Reticulum
B) Mitochondria
C) Nucleus
D) Cytoplasm
- 14. What is the term for the process where cells become specialized for specific functions?
A) Cell division
B) Cellular respiration
C) Cell differentiation
D) Embryogenesis
- 15. What is the purpose of evolutionary game theory in theoretical biology?
A) Analyzing nuclear DNA
B) Identifying plant species
C) Modeling weather patterns
D) Studying behavior strategies in evolutionary contexts
- 16. Which mathematical tool is commonly used in theoretical biology?
A) Genetic engineering.
B) Photography.
C) Chemical titration.
D) Differential equations.
- 17. What is meant by the term 'fitness' in theoretical biology?
A) Size of an animal's habitat
B) Amount of exercise a person does
C) Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce
D) Rate of cell division
- 18. Which scientist developed the concept of the selfish gene?
A) B. Jane Goodall
B) C. E.O. Wilson
C) D. Stephen Jay Gould
D) A. Richard Dawkins
- 19. What is the study of the interactions between genes and the environment?
A) Epigenetics
B) Proteomics
C) Genomics
D) Transcriptomics
- 20. What is bioinformatics in theoretical biology?
A) Classification of animal species
B) Study of plant anatomy
C) Measurement of water quality
D) Application of computational tools to biological data analysis
- 21. Which concept is central to evolutionary theory in theoretical biology?
A) Mutation rate
B) Artificial selection
C) Genetic drift
D) Natural selection
- 22. Which field of biology studies the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of infectious diseases?
A) Botany
B) Ichthyology
C) Entomology
D) Epidemiology
- 23. Which branch of theoretical biology focuses on the structure and functions of molecules within cells?
A) Behavioral ecology
B) Community dynamics
C) Population ecology
D) Molecular biology
- 24. Which of the following represents the correct order of biological organization from simplest to most complex?
A) Organ System -> Organ -> Cell -> Tissue
B) Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System
C) Tissue -> Organ System -> Cell -> Organism
D) Organism -> Tissue -> Cell -> Organ System
- 25. What is the term for the action of splitting a cell into two daughter cells?
A) Cytokinesis
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis
D) Apoptosis
- 26. What is the main purpose of phylogenetics in theoretical biology?
A) Studying climate change
B) Quantifying energy flow in ecosystems
C) Reconstructing evolutionary relationships between species
D) Identifying cellular organelles
- 27. What does the Lotka-Volterra competition model describe?
A) Gene regulatory networks
B) Interactions between species competing for limited resources
C) Predator-prey relationships
D) Genetic mutations in a population
- 28. Which computational technique is often used in theoretical biology to simulate complex systems?
A) Agent-based modeling
B) Measuring protein structures
C) Drawing phylogenetic trees
D) Analyzing fossil records
- 29. What role does network theory play in theoretical biology?
A) Studying mineral compositions
B) Analyzing complex interactions in biological systems
C) Measuring protein concentrations
D) Creating artificial organs
- 30. What does the Lotka-Volterra model describe?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Predator-prey interactions
C) Cell division
D) Genetic mutations
- 31. What is a phenotypic trait in theoretical biology?
A) Age of the organism
B) Internal genetic sequence
C) Observable characteristic of an organism
D) Rate of cell division
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