- 1. Theoretical biology is an interdisciplinary field that applies mathematical and computational tools to study biological systems and processes. It aims to develop theoretical models and frameworks to understand complex biological phenomena, such as the dynamics of ecosystems, the behavior of cells, and the evolution of species. By using mathematical models, theoretical biologists can make predictions, test hypotheses, and gain insights into the underlying principles that govern living organisms. This field plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of biology and has applications in a wide range of areas, including genetics, ecology, and medicine.
Which scientist is known for proposing the theory of natural selection?
A) Gregor Mendel
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Charles Darwin
D) Alfred Russel Wallace
- 2. What is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment?
A) Genetics
B) Cell Biology
C) Ecology
D) Evolution
- 3. What is the basic unit of heredity?
A) Gene
B) Allele
C) Trait
D) Chromosome
- 4. Which of the following is a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
A) rRNA
B) siRNA
C) tRNA
D) mRNA
- 5. What type of bond holds complementary base pairs together in DNA?
A) Van der Waals bond
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Ionic bond
D) Covalent bond
- 6. What is the study of evolutionary history and relationships among organisms?
A) Developmental Biology
B) Paleontology
C) Molecular Biology
D) Phylogenetics
- 7. What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
A) Replicating DNA
B) Translating mRNA into protein
C) Synthesizing DNA from an RNA template
D) Synthesizing RNA from a DNA template
- 8. Which of the following is a type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected?
A) Commensalism
B) Parasitism
C) Competition
D) Mutualism
- 9. What is the term for the random changes in allele frequencies in a population?
A) Gene flow
B) Genetic drift
C) Natural selection
D) Mutation
- 10. Which scientist proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium as an evolutionary model?
A) Stephen Jay Gould
B) Carl Woese
C) Richard Dawkins
D) Lynn Margulis
- 11. What is the study of the structure and function of biological macromolecules?
A) Microbiology
B) Neuroscience
C) Biochemistry
D) Immunology
- 12. Which type of symmetry is exhibited by animals that can be divided into mirror image halves along any plane?
A) Asymmetry
B) Spherical symmetry
C) Bilateral symmetry
D) Radial symmetry
- 13. Where does glycolysis, the initial step of cellular respiration, occur in eukaryotic cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Cytoplasm
D) Nucleus
- 14. What is the term for the process where cells become specialized for specific functions?
A) Cell differentiation
B) Embryogenesis
C) Cell division
D) Cellular respiration
- 15. What is the purpose of evolutionary game theory in theoretical biology?
A) Analyzing nuclear DNA
B) Modeling weather patterns
C) Studying behavior strategies in evolutionary contexts
D) Identifying plant species
- 16. Which mathematical tool is commonly used in theoretical biology?
A) Genetic engineering.
B) Photography.
C) Chemical titration.
D) Differential equations.
- 17. What is meant by the term 'fitness' in theoretical biology?
A) Amount of exercise a person does
B) Rate of cell division
C) Size of an animal's habitat
D) Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce
- 18. Which scientist developed the concept of the selfish gene?
A) C. E.O. Wilson
B) B. Jane Goodall
C) A. Richard Dawkins
D) D. Stephen Jay Gould
- 19. What is the study of the interactions between genes and the environment?
A) Transcriptomics
B) Genomics
C) Proteomics
D) Epigenetics
- 20. What is bioinformatics in theoretical biology?
A) Application of computational tools to biological data analysis
B) Classification of animal species
C) Measurement of water quality
D) Study of plant anatomy
- 21. Which concept is central to evolutionary theory in theoretical biology?
A) Mutation rate
B) Artificial selection
C) Natural selection
D) Genetic drift
- 22. Which field of biology studies the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of infectious diseases?
A) Entomology
B) Botany
C) Ichthyology
D) Epidemiology
- 23. Which branch of theoretical biology focuses on the structure and functions of molecules within cells?
A) Behavioral ecology
B) Community dynamics
C) Molecular biology
D) Population ecology
- 24. Which of the following represents the correct order of biological organization from simplest to most complex?
A) Organ System -> Organ -> Cell -> Tissue
B) Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System
C) Organism -> Tissue -> Cell -> Organ System
D) Tissue -> Organ System -> Cell -> Organism
- 25. What is the term for the action of splitting a cell into two daughter cells?
A) Cytokinesis
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis
D) Apoptosis
- 26. What is the main purpose of phylogenetics in theoretical biology?
A) Studying climate change
B) Identifying cellular organelles
C) Reconstructing evolutionary relationships between species
D) Quantifying energy flow in ecosystems
- 27. What does the Lotka-Volterra competition model describe?
A) Gene regulatory networks
B) Predator-prey relationships
C) Interactions between species competing for limited resources
D) Genetic mutations in a population
- 28. Which computational technique is often used in theoretical biology to simulate complex systems?
A) Analyzing fossil records
B) Measuring protein structures
C) Drawing phylogenetic trees
D) Agent-based modeling
- 29. What role does network theory play in theoretical biology?
A) Analyzing complex interactions in biological systems
B) Creating artificial organs
C) Measuring protein concentrations
D) Studying mineral compositions
- 30. What does the Lotka-Volterra model describe?
A) Cell division
B) Photosynthesis
C) Predator-prey interactions
D) Genetic mutations
- 31. What is a phenotypic trait in theoretical biology?
A) Internal genetic sequence
B) Rate of cell division
C) Age of the organism
D) Observable characteristic of an organism
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