- 1. Theoretical biology is an interdisciplinary field that applies mathematical and computational tools to study biological systems and processes. It aims to develop theoretical models and frameworks to understand complex biological phenomena, such as the dynamics of ecosystems, the behavior of cells, and the evolution of species. By using mathematical models, theoretical biologists can make predictions, test hypotheses, and gain insights into the underlying principles that govern living organisms. This field plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of biology and has applications in a wide range of areas, including genetics, ecology, and medicine.
Which scientist is known for proposing the theory of natural selection?
A) Louis Pasteur
B) Charles Darwin
C) Gregor Mendel
D) Alfred Russel Wallace
- 2. What is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment?
A) Evolution
B) Ecology
C) Genetics
D) Cell Biology
- 3. What is the basic unit of heredity?
A) Trait
B) Chromosome
C) Allele
D) Gene
- 4. Which of the following is a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
A) mRNA
B) rRNA
C) tRNA
D) siRNA
- 5. What type of bond holds complementary base pairs together in DNA?
A) Covalent bond
B) Van der Waals bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Ionic bond
- 6. What is the study of evolutionary history and relationships among organisms?
A) Paleontology
B) Molecular Biology
C) Developmental Biology
D) Phylogenetics
- 7. What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
A) Synthesizing RNA from a DNA template
B) Replicating DNA
C) Synthesizing DNA from an RNA template
D) Translating mRNA into protein
- 8. Which of the following is a type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected?
A) Mutualism
B) Competition
C) Parasitism
D) Commensalism
- 9. What is the term for the random changes in allele frequencies in a population?
A) Mutation
B) Gene flow
C) Natural selection
D) Genetic drift
- 10. Which scientist proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium as an evolutionary model?
A) Lynn Margulis
B) Stephen Jay Gould
C) Richard Dawkins
D) Carl Woese
- 11. What is the study of the structure and function of biological macromolecules?
A) Immunology
B) Biochemistry
C) Neuroscience
D) Microbiology
- 12. Which type of symmetry is exhibited by animals that can be divided into mirror image halves along any plane?
A) Radial symmetry
B) Spherical symmetry
C) Asymmetry
D) Bilateral symmetry
- 13. Which of the following represents the correct order of biological organization from simplest to most complex?
A) Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System
B) Organ System -> Organ -> Cell -> Tissue
C) Tissue -> Organ System -> Cell -> Organism
D) Organism -> Tissue -> Cell -> Organ System
- 14. What is the term for the action of splitting a cell into two daughter cells?
A) Mitosis
B) Apoptosis
C) Meiosis
D) Cytokinesis
- 15. Where does glycolysis, the initial step of cellular respiration, occur in eukaryotic cells?
A) Endoplasmic Reticulum
B) Mitochondria
C) Cytoplasm
D) Nucleus
- 16. What is the study of the interactions between genes and the environment?
A) Proteomics
B) Epigenetics
C) Genomics
D) Transcriptomics
- 17. What is the term for the process where cells become specialized for specific functions?
A) Embryogenesis
B) Cellular respiration
C) Cell differentiation
D) Cell division
- 18. What does the Lotka-Volterra model describe?
A) Genetic mutations
B) Cell division
C) Predator-prey interactions
D) Photosynthesis
- 19. Which concept is central to evolutionary theory in theoretical biology?
A) Mutation rate
B) Artificial selection
C) Genetic drift
D) Natural selection
- 20. What is the purpose of evolutionary game theory in theoretical biology?
A) Analyzing nuclear DNA
B) Studying behavior strategies in evolutionary contexts
C) Modeling weather patterns
D) Identifying plant species
- 21. What is meant by the term 'fitness' in theoretical biology?
A) Size of an animal's habitat
B) Amount of exercise a person does
C) Rate of cell division
D) Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce
- 22. Which branch of theoretical biology focuses on the structure and functions of molecules within cells?
A) Molecular biology
B) Population ecology
C) Behavioral ecology
D) Community dynamics
- 23. What is the main purpose of phylogenetics in theoretical biology?
A) Quantifying energy flow in ecosystems
B) Identifying cellular organelles
C) Studying climate change
D) Reconstructing evolutionary relationships between species
- 24. What role does network theory play in theoretical biology?
A) Studying mineral compositions
B) Creating artificial organs
C) Analyzing complex interactions in biological systems
D) Measuring protein concentrations
- 25. Which computational technique is often used in theoretical biology to simulate complex systems?
A) Drawing phylogenetic trees
B) Analyzing fossil records
C) Agent-based modeling
D) Measuring protein structures
- 26. What is bioinformatics in theoretical biology?
A) Classification of animal species
B) Measurement of water quality
C) Application of computational tools to biological data analysis
D) Study of plant anatomy
- 27. Which field of biology studies the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of infectious diseases?
A) Entomology
B) Botany
C) Epidemiology
D) Ichthyology
- 28. What is a phenotypic trait in theoretical biology?
A) Observable characteristic of an organism
B) Rate of cell division
C) Age of the organism
D) Internal genetic sequence
- 29. What does the Lotka-Volterra competition model describe?
A) Interactions between species competing for limited resources
B) Gene regulatory networks
C) Genetic mutations in a population
D) Predator-prey relationships
- 30. Which scientist developed the concept of the selfish gene?
A) A. Richard Dawkins
B) C. E.O. Wilson
C) D. Stephen Jay Gould
D) B. Jane Goodall
- 31. Which mathematical tool is commonly used in theoretical biology?
A) Photography.
B) Genetic engineering.
C) Differential equations.
D) Chemical titration.
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