- 1. Theoretical biology is an interdisciplinary field that applies mathematical and computational tools to study biological systems and processes. It aims to develop theoretical models and frameworks to understand complex biological phenomena, such as the dynamics of ecosystems, the behavior of cells, and the evolution of species. By using mathematical models, theoretical biologists can make predictions, test hypotheses, and gain insights into the underlying principles that govern living organisms. This field plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of biology and has applications in a wide range of areas, including genetics, ecology, and medicine.
Which scientist is known for proposing the theory of natural selection?
A) Alfred Russel Wallace
B) Charles Darwin
C) Gregor Mendel
D) Louis Pasteur
- 2. What is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment?
A) Ecology
B) Genetics
C) Evolution
D) Cell Biology
- 3. What is the basic unit of heredity?
A) Gene
B) Allele
C) Trait
D) Chromosome
- 4. Which of the following is a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
A) tRNA
B) rRNA
C) siRNA
D) mRNA
- 5. What type of bond holds complementary base pairs together in DNA?
A) Hydrogen bond
B) Van der Waals bond
C) Covalent bond
D) Ionic bond
- 6. What is the study of evolutionary history and relationships among organisms?
A) Paleontology
B) Developmental Biology
C) Molecular Biology
D) Phylogenetics
- 7. What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
A) Replicating DNA
B) Translating mRNA into protein
C) Synthesizing RNA from a DNA template
D) Synthesizing DNA from an RNA template
- 8. Which of the following is a type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected?
A) Mutualism
B) Parasitism
C) Commensalism
D) Competition
- 9. What is the term for the random changes in allele frequencies in a population?
A) Genetic drift
B) Natural selection
C) Gene flow
D) Mutation
- 10. Which scientist proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium as an evolutionary model?
A) Lynn Margulis
B) Carl Woese
C) Richard Dawkins
D) Stephen Jay Gould
- 11. What is the study of the structure and function of biological macromolecules?
A) Biochemistry
B) Microbiology
C) Neuroscience
D) Immunology
- 12. Which type of symmetry is exhibited by animals that can be divided into mirror image halves along any plane?
A) Asymmetry
B) Spherical symmetry
C) Radial symmetry
D) Bilateral symmetry
- 13. Which of the following represents the correct order of biological organization from simplest to most complex?
A) Organism -> Tissue -> Cell -> Organ System
B) Organ System -> Organ -> Cell -> Tissue
C) Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System
D) Tissue -> Organ System -> Cell -> Organism
- 14. What is the term for the action of splitting a cell into two daughter cells?
A) Cytokinesis
B) Apoptosis
C) Mitosis
D) Meiosis
- 15. Where does glycolysis, the initial step of cellular respiration, occur in eukaryotic cells?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Nucleus
D) Mitochondria
- 16. What is the study of the interactions between genes and the environment?
A) Transcriptomics
B) Genomics
C) Epigenetics
D) Proteomics
- 17. What is the term for the process where cells become specialized for specific functions?
A) Cell differentiation
B) Cellular respiration
C) Cell division
D) Embryogenesis
- 18. What does the Lotka-Volterra model describe?
A) Predator-prey interactions
B) Cell division
C) Photosynthesis
D) Genetic mutations
- 19. Which concept is central to evolutionary theory in theoretical biology?
A) Artificial selection
B) Natural selection
C) Genetic drift
D) Mutation rate
- 20. What is the purpose of evolutionary game theory in theoretical biology?
A) Studying behavior strategies in evolutionary contexts
B) Modeling weather patterns
C) Identifying plant species
D) Analyzing nuclear DNA
- 21. What is meant by the term 'fitness' in theoretical biology?
A) Amount of exercise a person does
B) Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce
C) Size of an animal's habitat
D) Rate of cell division
- 22. Which branch of theoretical biology focuses on the structure and functions of molecules within cells?
A) Community dynamics
B) Molecular biology
C) Behavioral ecology
D) Population ecology
- 23. What is the main purpose of phylogenetics in theoretical biology?
A) Identifying cellular organelles
B) Reconstructing evolutionary relationships between species
C) Quantifying energy flow in ecosystems
D) Studying climate change
- 24. What role does network theory play in theoretical biology?
A) Studying mineral compositions
B) Creating artificial organs
C) Measuring protein concentrations
D) Analyzing complex interactions in biological systems
- 25. Which computational technique is often used in theoretical biology to simulate complex systems?
A) Drawing phylogenetic trees
B) Measuring protein structures
C) Agent-based modeling
D) Analyzing fossil records
- 26. What is bioinformatics in theoretical biology?
A) Classification of animal species
B) Study of plant anatomy
C) Application of computational tools to biological data analysis
D) Measurement of water quality
- 27. Which field of biology studies the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of infectious diseases?
A) Ichthyology
B) Entomology
C) Epidemiology
D) Botany
- 28. What is a phenotypic trait in theoretical biology?
A) Age of the organism
B) Internal genetic sequence
C) Observable characteristic of an organism
D) Rate of cell division
- 29. What does the Lotka-Volterra competition model describe?
A) Interactions between species competing for limited resources
B) Gene regulatory networks
C) Predator-prey relationships
D) Genetic mutations in a population
- 30. Which scientist developed the concept of the selfish gene?
A) B. Jane Goodall
B) D. Stephen Jay Gould
C) C. E.O. Wilson
D) A. Richard Dawkins
- 31. Which mathematical tool is commonly used in theoretical biology?
A) Genetic engineering.
B) Chemical titration.
C) Differential equations.
D) Photography.
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