- 1. When did the Chernobyl Disaster occur?
A) April 26, 1986
B) October 11, 2000
C) August 15, 1991
D) March 28, 1979
- 2. In which country did the Chernobyl Disaster happen?
A) Russia
B) Belarus
C) Ukraine
D) Poland
- 3. Which animal population increased in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone post-disaster?
A) Grizzly Bears
B) Wolves
C) Pandas
D) Polar Bears
- 4. Which neighboring country provided shelter for thousands of refugees fleeing from Chernobyl?
A) Poland
B) Belarus
C) Romania
D) Russia
- 5. Who was the first country to detect the radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl Disaster?
A) Australia
B) Sweden
C) China
D) United States
- 6. Which term refers to the immediate protective efforts taken by the firefighters at Chernobyl?
A) Saviors
B) Firemen
C) Liquidators
D) Rescuers
- 7. What is the name of the highly radioactive debris left in the immediate aftermath of the disaster?
A) Green Slime
B) Radioactive residue
C) Toxic ash
D) Corium
- 8. What is the name of the city nearest to the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant?
A) Kiev
B) Minsk
C) Moscow
D) Pripyat
- 9. Which reactor exploded during the Chernobyl disaster?
A) Reactor 2
B) Reactor 4
C) Reactor 3
D) Reactor 5
- 10. What was the primary cause of the explosion at Chernobyl?
A) Operator error unrelated to testing
B) A terrorist attack
C) A power surge due to design flaws during a test
D) An earthquake
- 11. How many personnel were involved in the response to the Chernobyl disaster?
A) 750,000
B) 100,000
C) 250,000
D) More than 500,000
- 12. What was the estimated cost of the Chernobyl disaster in US dollars?
A) $50 billion
B) $700 billion
C) $1 trillion
D) $200 billion
- 13. How many people were initially evacuated from the 10 km exclusion zone after the Chernobyl disaster?
A) 30,000
B) 100,000
C) 70,000
D) Around 49,000
- 14. How many workers showed symptoms of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) after the Chernobyl disaster?
A) 237
B) 50
C) 134
D) 200
- 15. What was the first structure built to contain the Chernobyl reactor debris?
A) The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant sarcophagus
B) Containment Dome
C) Reactor Shield
D) Chernobyl New Safe Confinement
- 16. When was the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement constructed?
A) 1995–1999
B) 1986–1987
C) 2000–2003
D) 2016–2018
- 17. How many cases of childhood thyroid cancer were reported within the affected populations as of 2005?
A) 8000
B) 10000
C) 3000
D) 6000
- 18. What was the initial size of the exclusion zone established by the Soviet government after the Chernobyl disaster?
A) 20 km
B) 30 km
C) 10 km
D) 50 km
- 19. How many people died within three months due to acute radiation syndrome (ARS) after the Chernobyl disaster?
A) 50
B) 28
C) 237
D) 134
- 20. What was the estimated long-term death toll across Europe due to the Chernobyl disaster, according to some estimates?
A) 10,000
B) Up to 16,000
C) 5000
D) 25,000
- 21. What city replaced Pripyat after it was abandoned due to the Chernobyl disaster?
A) Slavutych
B) Kiev
C) Minsk
D) Moscow
- 22. When did the Soviet government publicly acknowledge the Chernobyl disaster?
A) A month later
B) Two days after the explosion
C) Immediately after the explosion
D) One week later
- 23. What percentage of heat in a nuclear reactor is generated by radioactive decay after shutdown?
A) Over 6%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 10%
- 24. How many individual fuel channels did Reactor No. 4 at Chernobyl have?
A) 5,000
B) 3,000
C) 1,661
D) 2,500
- 25. How much coolant was required per hour for the entire reactor at Chernobyl's Reactor No. 4?
A) 30 million litres
B) 10 million litres
C) 60 million litres
D) Over 45 million litres
- 26. How long did it take for Chernobyl's backup diesel generators to reach full load?
A) 60–75 seconds
B) 10–20 seconds
C) 30–45 seconds
D) 90–120 seconds
- 27. What was the power requirement for one main pump at Chernobyl?
A) 7 MW
B) 10 MW
C) 5.5 MW
D) 3 MW
- 28. How long could the rotational momentum of the reactor's steam turbine potentially provide electrical power to run the coolant pumps?
A) 90 seconds
B) 30 seconds
C) 60 seconds
D) 45 seconds
- 29. What was theorized as a potential method to generate electrical power for the ECCS in case of an external power failure?
A) Using manual cranking mechanisms.
B) Using solar panels installed on-site.
C) Using wind turbines nearby.
D) Using the rotational momentum of the reactor's steam turbine.
- 30. In which year did the initial test indicating insufficient excitation voltage take place?
A) 1984
B) 1985
C) 1982
D) 1983
- 31. What was identified as a problem during the 1985 test?
A) Problem with the recording equipment
B) Insufficient excitation voltage
C) Inadequate cooling of the reactor
D) Failure of the emergency core cooling system
- 32. Which system was disabled during the test procedure?
A) Emergency core cooling system
B) Steam-turbine generator
C) Main circulating pumps
D) Off-site power supply
- 33. At what time did preparations for the Chernobyl test begin on 25 April 1986?
A) 01:06
B) 23:04
C) 00:00
D) 14:15
- 34. Who was in charge of the Chernobyl Unit 4 night shift during the disaster?
A) Leonid Toptunov
B) Aleksandr Akimov
C) Kiev grid controller
D) Anatoly Dyatlov
- 35. What was the age of Leonid Toptunov during the Chernobyl disaster?
A) 35 years old
B) 40 years old
C) 25 years old
D) 30 years old
- 36. At what time did the Kiev grid controller allow the reactor shutdown to resume?
A) 23:04
B) 00:00
C) 01:06
D) 14:15
- 37. How long was the Chernobyl reactor allowed to run without emergency protection during the test?
A) 24 hours
B) 5 hours
C) 8 hours
D) 11 hours
A) A catalyst for increasing reactor power output
B) A type of control rod used in nuclear reactors
C) A fission byproduct that absorbs neutrons and inhibits reactions
D) A stable isotope of xenon used in medical imaging
- 39. What is 'burned off' during steady-state operation?
A) Uranium-235 becomes uranium-236
B) Plutonium-239 becomes plutonium-240
C) Iodine-135 becomes iodine-137
D) Xenon-135 becomes xenon-136
- 40. Which automatic regulator failed to activate during the incident?
A) Neither AR-1 nor AR-2
B) Both AR-1 and AR-2
C) AR-1
D) AR-2
- 41. Who reported that the power drop was due to a fault in the AR-2 system?
A) Toptunov
B) An anonymous operator
C) The test plan author
D) Dyatlov
- 42. How long did it take to restore the reactor to 160 MW?
A) A few seconds
B) Over an hour
C) Instantly
D) Several minutes
- 43. What was the required level for the inserted control rod equivalent value?
A) 20
B) 5
C) 15
D) 10
- 44. What was the state of the reactor after nearly all control rods were withdrawn?
A) Partially stable
B) Stable
C) Extremely unstable
D) Moderately stable
- 45. What was unique about the RBMK reactor design compared to other light-water reactors?
A) It had a neutral void coefficient
B) It had a positive void coefficient
C) It had a negative void coefficient
D) It had no void coefficient
- 46. What was a speculated consequence of the power spike during the Chernobyl accident?
A) All main circulating pumps stopped working.
B) The reactor was automatically shut down without issues.
C) Control rods may have been jammed at one-third insertion.
D) The control room alarms were triggered immediately.
- 47. What was torn off and blasted through the roof of the reactor building during the first explosion?
A) The upper biological shield
B) The control panel
C) The cooling tower
D) The containment vessel
- 48. What happened to most of the coolant lines feeding the reactor chamber after the first explosion?
A) They were severed
B) They remained intact
C) They were reinforced
D) They were replaced
- 49. Who proposed a hypothesis involving the uncontrollable escape of fast neutrons for the second explosion?
A) Lars-Erik De Geer
B) Konstantin Checherov
C) Yuri V. Dubasov
D) Sergei A. Pakhomov
- 50. What material was used inappropriately in the construction of the roof of the reactor building at Chernobyl?
A) Bitumen
B) Concrete
C) Steel
D) Asbestos
- 51. Who made the decision to shut down reactor no. 3?
A) Dyatlov
B) Yuri Bagdasarov
C) Anatoli Zakharov
D) Nikolai Fomin
- 52. Who was the commander of the first firefighter brigade to arrive at Chernobyl?
A) Nikolai Fomin
B) Mikhail Gorbachev
C) Lieutenant Volodymyr Pravyk
D) Yuri Bagdasarov
- 53. What did firefighters initially mistake the accident for?
A) A gas leak
B) An explosion
C) A regular electrical fire
D) A chemical spill
- 54. What continued to burn inside reactor no. 4 until May 10, 1986?
A) The fire
B) The control rods
C) The containment structure
D) The cooling systems
- 55. What was the main cause of the Chernobyl accident according to INSAG-1?
A) The reactor's design
B) Lack of protective gear for workers
C) The operators' actions
D) Inadequate safety culture at managerial levels
- 56. What tactic did the Soviet Union use by discussing other American nuclear accidents?
A) Deflection
B) Whataboutism
C) Justification
D) Denial
- 57. Who was the first Ukrainian official to arrive at the Chernobyl disaster site?
A) Yeltsin
B) Shevchenko
C) Gorbachev
D) Khrushchev
- 58. What was the radiological background level in Kiev reported as on 30 April?
A) Normal
B) Dangerously high
C) Unmeasurable
D) Moderately elevated
- 59. How much radioactive debris remained on the roof after the explosion?
A) 50 tonnes.
B) 200 tonnes.
C) An estimated 100 tonnes.
D) 500 tonnes.
- 60. How many men were involved in removing the majority of the debris?
A) 500 men.
B) 1,000 men.
C) 10,000 men.
D) 3,828 men.
- 61. What was constructed to protect workers in reactor no. 3?
A) A thick radiation-shielding wall.
B) An anti-seismic structure.
C) A soundproof enclosure.
D) A fireproof barrier.
- 62. How long did the massive clean-up effort last in the contaminated zones after the Chernobyl disaster?
A) Six months
B) Three months
C) Seven months
D) One year
- 63. How many evacuated villages were resettled by the time 75% of the land was cultivated?
A) Two-thirds
B) All of them
C) Half
D) A third
- 64. What substance was used to entrap radioactive dust during cleanup efforts?
A) "Barda", a sticky polymerizing fluid
B) Sand and gravel
C) Activated charcoal
D) Water mixed with chemicals
- 65. When did a section of the roof of the turbine-building collapse, causing a new release of radioactivity?
A) February 2025
B) 12 February 2013
C) 29 November 2016
D) December 1997
- 66. What was the New Safe Confinement (NSC) constructed from?
A) Metal arch
B) Concrete blocks
C) Wooden beams
D) Steel panels
- 67. How high is the metal arch of the New Safe Confinement (NSC)?
A) 150 m (492 ft)
B) 200 m (656 ft)
C) 50 m (164 ft)
D) 105 m (344 ft)
- 68. In what year did construction of the New Safe Confinement begin?
A) 2016
B) 2025
C) 2010
D) 1997
- 69. What event in February 2025 caused damage to the New Safe Confinement?
A) A Russian drone strike
B) An earthquake
C) Heavy snowfall
D) A fire started by workers
- 70. What was one of the consequences of the February 2025 drone strike on the NSC?
A) It caused a meltdown in reactor no. 4
B) It completely destroyed the NSC
C) It improved the structural integrity of the NSC
D) The structure could no longer perform its main safety function
- 71. How many fuel assemblies from units 1 and 2 were damaged?
A) Less than 10
B) Exactly 75
C) More than 100
D) Approximately 50
- 72. What was the original contractor for the construction of ISF-2?
A) Bechtel Corporation
B) General Electric
C) Areva NP (Framatome)
D) Holtec International
- 73. In which year did Areva withdraw from the ISF-2 project?
A) 2007
B) 1999
C) 2011
D) 2010
- 74. Who was contracted for a new design and construction of ISF-2 after Areva withdrew?
A) Holtec International
B) Westinghouse Electric Company
C) Areva NP (Framatome)
D) Siemens AG
- 75. When did construction of ISF-2 complete?
A) August 2017
B) June 2016
C) January 2014
D) December 2015
- 76. What solution was used to quench neutrons at Chernobyl?
A) Lead shielding.
B) Copper barriers.
C) Water flooding.
D) Gadolinium nitrate solution.
- 77. What unexpected change in neutron density was recorded from 2017 to late 2020?
A) A doubling in neutron density in the sub-reactor space.
B) A decrease by half in neutron density.
C) A complete halt of neutron activity.
D) No change in neutron density.
- 78. How many locals had returned to live permanently in the Exclusion Zone as of 2016?
A) 1000
B) 50
C) 500
D) 187
- 79. When was the sealed zone around the Chernobyl reactor opened to tourists?
A) 2005
B) 1999
C) 2011
D) 2016
- 80. When was the Chernobyl Trust Fund created by the United Nations?
A) 1991
B) 1986
C) 2010
D) 2000
- 81. Which radioactive isotope's half-life was referenced in estimates for when the Exclusion Zone could be habitable again?
A) Uranium-235
B) Cesium-137
C) Strontium-90
D) Plutonium-239
- 82. When did the first limited guided tours at Chernobyl begin?
A) 2021
B) 2017
C) 2002
D) 1999
- 83. Which video game released in 2007 increased Chernobyl's popularity as a tourist site?
A) Resident Evil
B) S.T.A.L.K.E.R.
C) Metal Gear Solid
D) Call of Duty: Black Ops
- 84. In what year did the HBO mini-series about Chernobyl release, coinciding with a peak in tourist visits?
A) 2019
B) 2018
C) 2020
D) 2021
- 85. What subculture developed around illegal visits to Chernobyl?
A) Stalker subculture
B) Survivalist subculture
C) Adventure tourism subculture
D) Ghost hunting subculture
- 86. What method was used to remove radioactive particles from clouds over Belarus?
A) Deployment of anti-radiation drones
B) Use of chemical dispersants
C) Rain was deliberately seeded
D) Cloud seeding with silver iodide
- 87. Which area received about 60% of the contamination from Chernobyl within the former Soviet Union?
A) Latvian SSR
B) Ukrainian SSR
C) Belarusian SSR
D) Russian SFSR
- 88. How much core radioiodine was released during the Chernobyl disaster, in terms of becquerels?
A) 1150 PBq
B) 1760 PBq
C) 85 PBq
D) 5200 PBq
- 89. What form was caesium-137 released in during the Chernobyl disaster?
A) Aerosol form
B) Sublimed vapour
C) Organic iodine compounds
D) Solid particles
- 90. What was the estimated atmospheric release of xenon-133 in PBq?
A) 1150 PBq
B) 5200 PBq
C) 1760 PBq
D) 85 PBq
- 91. How much caesium-137 was released during the Chernobyl disaster, in terms of becquerels?
A) 85 PBq
B) 5200 PBq
C) 1150 PBq
D) 1760 PBq
- 92. What was the name given to the 4 square km of pine forest that died after Chernobyl?
A) Black Forest
B) Dead Forest
C) Red Forest
D) Silent Forest
- 93. What was the radiation dose range that destroyed the thyroid glands of horses near Chernobyl?
A) 300–350 Sv
B) 50–100 Sv
C) 150–200 Sv
D) 200–250 Sv
- 94. What was the factor by which mutation rates for plants and animals increased after Chernobyl?
A) 10
B) 20
C) 50
D) 5
- 95. How many grossly deformed animal births were reported in Narodychi Raion from 1986 to 1990?
A) over 500
B) about 100
C) less than 50
D) nearly 350
- 96. What year did a paper report the discovery of an Escherichia coli mutant after Chernobyl?
A) 2000
B) 2010
C) 1998
D) 1986
- 97. Which type of soil had higher soil to dairy-milk transfer coefficients for radiocaesium?
A) Peaty soils
B) Sandy soils
C) Loamy soils
D) Kaolinite-rich clay soils
- 98. In what year did Soviet medical teams conduct whole-body count examinations on inhabitants?
A) 1990
B) 1987
C) 1985
D) 1995
- 99. What type of fungi was found in the no. 4 reactor by a robot in 2007?
A) Green, chlorophyll-rich photosynthetic fungi
B) Black, melanin-rich radiotrophic fungi
C) Red, iron-rich ferruginous fungi
D) White, calcium-rich calciferous fungi
- 100. Which country reported that 18,000 livestock required uncontaminated feed in 2009 due to Chernobyl contamination?
A) Finland
B) Sweden
C) United Kingdom
D) Norway
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