Confucianism - Quiz
Confucianism
  • 1. Confucianism is a philosophical and ethical system based on the teachings of Confucius, a Chinese sage and philosopher who lived over 2,500 years ago. Central to Confucianism are principles such as filial piety, loyalty, righteousness, and the importance of ritual. These teachings emphasize the cultivation of virtues and moral character in order to create a harmonious and just society. Confucianism has had a profound influence on Chinese culture and society, shaping values, relationships, and governance for centuries.

    Who is the founder of Confucianism?
A) Laozi
B) Confucius
C) Mencius
D) Buddha
  • 2. Which text contains the teachings of Confucius?
A) Tao Te Ching
B) Analects
C) The Art of War
D) Bhagavad Gita
  • 3. What is the Confucian concept of 'ren' often translated as?
A) Benevolence
B) Harmony
C) Enlightenment
D) Suffering
  • 4. Which dynasty embraced Confucianism as its state ideology in China?
A) Qin Dynasty
B) Tang Dynasty
C) Han Dynasty
D) Ming Dynasty
  • 5. Which social institution is emphasized in Confucianism for maintaining harmony?
A) Government
B) Family
C) Education
D) Religion
  • 6. Who was another significant Confucian philosopher besides Confucius?
A) Huineng
B) Bodhidharma
C) Sunzi
D) Mencius
  • 7. What is the Confucian ideal of a 'junzi' often translated as?
A) Monk
B) Artist
C) Gentleman
D) Warrior
  • 8. What does the Confucian concept of 'Xiao' refer to?
A) Filial piety
B) Spiritual enlightenment
C) Compassion
D) Selflessness
  • 9. What is another name for Confucianism?
A) Buddhism
B) Daoism
C) Shinto
D) Ruism
  • 10. During which era was Confucianism founded?
A) Warring States period
B) Qin dynasty
C) Hundred Schools of Thought era (c. 500 BCE)
D) Han dynasty
  • 11. Which virtue in Confucianism means 'benevolence'?
A) Zhi (智)
B) Li (禮)
C) Yi (義)
D) Ren (仁)
  • 12. What philosophical system emerged during the Tang dynasty in response to Buddhism and Taoism?
A) Daoism
B) Neo-Confucianism
C) Legalism
D) Mohism
  • 13. In which year was the imperial examination system abolished, marking a decline in state-endorsed Confucianism?
A) 1949
B) 1911
C) 1905
D) 1950
  • 14. Which Chinese reformer's principles were embraced as an alternative to Confucianism in the early 20th century?
A) Chiang Kai-shek
B) Deng Xiaoping
C) Sun Yat-sen
D) Mao Zedong
  • 15. What is credited with the rise of the East Asian economy in the late twentieth century?
A) Communism
B) Socialism
C) Confucian work ethic
D) Capitalism
  • 16. Which country established a national Confucian Church in 2015?
A) South Korea
B) China
C) Vietnam
D) Japan
  • 17. How does American philosopher Herbert Fingarette describe Confucianism?
A) As a religion focused on an omnipotent deity
B) As a purely political ideology
C) As a philosophical system which regards 'the secular as sacred'
D) As a form of mysticism
  • 18. Which virtue in Confucianism is associated with 'propriety'?
A) Zhi (智)
B) Li (禮)
C) Yi (義)
D) Ren (仁)
  • 19. What does the Confucian concept of 'tian' refer to?
A) An omnipotent deity
B) The physical sky
C) Human destiny
D) A transcendent moral order
  • 20. What is a core focus of Confucianism?
A) Military strength
B) Individual freedom
C) Economic prosperity
D) Virtue, social harmony, and familial responsibility
  • 21. What is the closest catch-all term for Confucianism in Chinese?
A) Ruism
B) Rú
C) Kǒngjiào
D) Traditionalist
  • 22. Which of these terms is used to denote 'the ru school of thought'?
A) Rúxué
B) 孔家店
C) Rújiā
D) Kǒngjiào
  • 23. What does the term 'Rú' literally mean in modern Chinese?
A) 'Water'
B) 'Shamanic methods of holding rites'
C) 'Scholar', 'learned', or 'refined man'
D) 'Confucius's religious doctrine'
  • 24. Which term refers to Confucius's family's business and is considered pejorative?
A) Rújiā
B) 孔家店
C) Kǒngjiào
D) Ruism
  • 25. What does the term 'Rúxué' translate to?
A) 'Ru studies'
B) 'Confucius's teachings'
C) 'Water symbol'
D) 'Traditionalist philosophy'
  • 26. Which scholar suggests using 'Traditionalist' as a translation for Confucianism?
A) Zhou Youguang
B) Robert Eno
C) Yuri Pines
D) David Schaberg
  • 27. Which term is used by some modern scholars instead of 'Confucianism'?
A) Rúxué
B) Traditionalist
C) 'Ruism'
D) Kǒngjiào
  • 28. What does 'Kǒngjiào' mean?
A) 'The ru school of thought'
B) 'Traditionalist philosophy'
C) 'Ru studies'
D) 'Confucius's religious doctrine'
  • 29. Who edited the received versions of the Five Classics around 500 years after Confucius?
A) Confucius
B) Imperial Librarian Liu Xin
C) Tu Weiming
D) Yao Xinzhong
  • 30. What are the four functional occupations described in the Book of Rites?
A) King, minister, general, commoner
B) Poet, musician, painter, calligrapher
C) Teacher, student, parent, elder
D) Farmer, scholar, artisan, merchant
  • 31. Which scholar studied Confucianism as a diffused civil religion in contemporary China?
A) Stephan Feuchtwang
B) Confucius
C) Kang Youwei
D) Joël Thoraval
  • 32. How does Confucius view the importance of rituals and sacrifices?
A) They are unnecessary for spiritual growth.
B) They are only symbolic with no real impact.
C) They have ethical importance, generating good life by overcoming the self.
D) They should be performed without personal involvement.
  • 33. Which virtue is shared between the Five Constants and the classical four virtues?
A) Zhi (wisdom, knowledge)
B) Yi (righteousness, justice)
C) Li (propriety, rites)
D) Ren (benevolence, humaneness)
  • 34. According to Xunzi, what did the ancient sage-kings do with names?
A) Invented new languages
B) Standardized names across different cultures
C) Created abstract concepts for philosophical debate
D) Chose names that directly corresponded with actualities
  • 35. Which Confucian virtue is about 'wisdom, knowledge'?
A) Xin (sincerity, faithfulness)
B) Yi (righteousness, justice)
C) Zhi (智; zhì)
D) Ren (benevolence, humaneness)
  • 36. What does Bell advocate for local officials?
A) Local officials are selected via examination.
B) Local officials are democratically elected.
C) Local officials are descendants of Confucius.
D) Local officials are selected by peers.
  • 37. What was the 'Mandate of Heaven' according to Zhou theology?
A) A divine favor bestowed on virtuous rulers.
B) A form of ancestor worship
C) An economic policy
D) A military strategy for conquest
  • 38. What practical form do duties in Confucian relationships often take?
A) Prescribed rituals
B) Spontaneous actions
C) Personal choices
D) Written laws
  • 39. Which philosopher's philosophy was opposed to Confucianism from the start?
A) Han Fei
B) Sun Lutang
C) Laozi
D) Confucius
  • 40. Which philosopher was attracted to Confucianism due to its perceived similarity to his own philosophy?
A) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
B) Voltaire
C) Prospero Intorcetta
D) Matteo Ricci
  • 41. Which term describes the extension of reciprocity or responsibility beyond filial piety in Confucianism?
A) Li
B) Renqing
C) Yi
D) Zhi
  • 42. What is the role of juniors in Confucian relationships?
A) Lead seniors
B) Compete with seniors
C) Owe their seniors reverence
D) Ignore seniors
  • 43. What principle does Tongdong Bai use to justify political inequality?
A) The principle of economic meritocracy.
B) The principle of one person, one vote.
C) The principle of liberal democracy.
D) A proto-Rawlsian 'political difference principle'.
  • 44. Which virtue emphasizes a sense of right and wrong in Confucianism?
A) Lián (廉)
B) Chǐ (耻)
C) Gōng (恭)
D) Yǒng (勇)
  • 45. What traditionalist Confucian concept supports the idea of superiors deciding promotions?
A) Meritocratic equality
B) Social mobility
C) Democratic selection
D) Epistemic paternalism
  • 46. How is Ren expressed according to Confucian philosophy?
A) Through isolation
B) Through meditation
C) Through interpersonal relationships
D) Through material wealth
  • 47. During which period did Confucius live?
A) 1046–256 BC
B) 551–479 BC
C) 960–1279 AD
D) 221–206 BC
  • 48. What do xiaoren seek according to Confucian philosophy?
A) long-term benefits for others
B) inner peace through virtue
C) only immediate gains
D) ethical and moral development
  • 49. What does a superior man require in his words, according to Confucius?
A) Nothing incorrect
B) Complexity and depth
C) Humor and wit
D) Poetic beauty
  • 50. What is the main advantage of democracy that Bell and Wang aim to conserve in their system?
A) Involving the people in public affairs at the local level.
B) Ensuring all officials are elected democratically.
C) Creating a tricameral government structure.
D) Grounding authority in something sacred and traditional.
  • 51. Which futurologist is credited with attributing Vietnam's rapid redevelopment to its post-war efforts?
A) John Maynard Keynes
B) Adam Smith
C) Cristobal Kay
D) Herman Kahn
  • 52. How does Stephan Feuchtwang describe rites?
A) "A way to accumulate wealth"
B) "A method for personal enlightenment"
C) "What makes the invisible visible"
D) "An obstacle to progress"
  • 53. During which period did philosophers build upon the legacy of Confucius?
A) Tang dynasty
B) Song dynasty
C) Han dynasty
D) Warring States period
  • 54. Which Pope ordered a ban on Chinese rituals during the Rites Controversy?
A) Pope Gregory XVII
B) Pope Benedict XIV
C) Pope John Paul II
D) Pope Leo XIII
  • 55. Who criticized Confucianism for shaping Chinese people into a feudalistic society in the New Culture Movement?
A) Mozi
B) Han Fei
C) Lu Xun
D) Sun Lutang
  • 56. Who proposes a model where aspiring meritocrats take hyper-selective exams and prove themselves at local government levels?
A) Tongdong Bai
B) Wang
C) Bell
D) Jiang Qing
  • 57. What term do Bell and Wang use to describe their approach to political hierarchies?
A) Political equality.
B) Progressive conservatism.
C) Virtue politics.
D) Meritocratic liberalism.
  • 58. What term describes morally inferior people in Confucianism?
A) sage
B) xiaoren
C) ren
D) junzi
  • 59. Who began the synthesis of Warring States Confucianism with other ideas during the Han dynasty?
A) Dong Zhongshu
B) Zhuangzi
C) Laozi
D) Confucius
  • 60. What does 'Xin' represent in the Five Constants?
A) Righteousness, justice
B) Benevolence, humaneness
C) Propriety, rites
D) Sincerity, faithfulness
  • 61. Which city is home to the Yangming Confucian Abode?
A) Qufu City
B) Beijing
C) Guiyang, Guizhou
D) Shanghai
  • 62. What did Huang Zongxi criticize about the imperial system?
A) The absence of loyalty from ministers
B) The lack of moral rectitude among rulers
C) The emphasis on filial piety
D) Its autocratic nature
  • 63. In Confucianism, what does 'filial piety' refer to?
A) Zhōng (忠)
B) Chǐ (耻)
C) Jié (节; 節)
D) Xiào (孝)
  • 64. What is the foundation of a ruler's authority and the submission of its people in Confucianism?
A) Military strength and conquests
B) Economic incentives and rewards
C) A spiritual-ethical foundation rather than coercive power
D) Fear of punishment
  • 65. Which philosophy heavily influenced many educated martial artists from the 19th century onwards?
A) Confucianism
B) Mohism
C) Daoism
D) Legalism
  • 66. What did Confucius say when Yan Hui asked about the criteria of Ren?
A) "If contrary to ritual, do not look; if contrary to ritual, do not listen; if contrary to ritual, do not speak; if contrary to ritual, do not act."
B) "Ren is achieved through meditation and solitude."
C) "Ren is only for the wise and learned."
D) "Ren can be practiced without Li."
  • 67. Who published a manifesto in 2003 suggesting that Confucian education should be integrated into official education?
A) Jiang Qing
B) Confucius
C) Zhou Beichen
D) Kang Xiaoguang
  • 68. Who was among the earliest to report on the thoughts of Confucius in Europe?
A) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
B) Voltaire
C) Prospero Intorcetta
D) Matteo Ricci
  • 69. Who was a Muslim warlord influenced by Confucianism in modern Chinese history?
A) Mao Zedong
B) Chiang Kai-shek
C) Sun Yat-sen
D) Ma Fuxiang
  • 70. Which Confucian virtue is not part of the Five Constants?
A) Bravery
B) Ren
C) Yi
D) Li
  • 71. Which rebellion described Confucian sages as devils?
A) The Taiping Rebellion
B) The Xinhai Revolution
C) The Cultural Revolution
D) The Boxer Rebellion
  • 72. Which city's Confucian Academy expanded its activities to mainland China?
A) Beijing
B) Shanghai
C) Qufu City
D) Hong Kong
  • 73. Who is depicted as having a conversation with Confucius in the Xiaojing?
A) Yan Hui.
B) Laozi.
C) Mencius.
D) Zeng Shen.
  • 74. Who is the first spiritual leader of the Holy Confucian Church?
A) Confucius
B) Jiang Qing
C) Zhou Beichen
D) Kang Xiaoguang
  • 75. Which movement criticized Confucianism for fostering a 'slave mentality'?
A) The Boxer Rebellion
B) The New Culture Movement
C) The Taiping Rebellion
D) The Cultural Revolution
  • 76. What symbol was associated with the supreme godhead and unlimited power in ancient Chinese belief?
A) The phoenix
B) The dragon
C) The crane
D) The tiger
  • 77. In which year did guoxue start being implemented in public schools on all levels?
A) 1999
B) 2003
C) 2015
D) 2005
  • 78. What does Tongdong Bai argue Confucian political thought departs from?
A) The 'one person, one vote' model
B) Freedom of speech
C) Economic liberalism
D) Individual rights
  • 79. Who wrote 'Lessons for Women' during the Han dynasty?
A) Ban Zhao
B) Zhu Xi
C) Cheng Yi
D) Sima Guang
  • 80. What is 'Loyalty' referred to in Confucianism?
A) Jié
B) Zhōng
C) Xiào
D) Zhì
  • 81. What is the Confucian ideal of good government led by?
A) The most intelligent person in the kingdom
B) A military leader
C) A superior man (junzi)
D) An elected official
  • 82. What should a proper Confucian ruler do to govern better?
A) Dismiss any form of criticism
B) Rule with absolute authority
C) Ignore the opinions of his ministers
D) Accept his ministers' advice
  • 83. Which South Korean writer wrote 'Confucius Must Die For the Nation to Live'?
A) Lu Xun
B) Han Fei
C) Kim Kyong-il
D) Sun Lutang
  • 84. Which theory does Ban Zhao use to explain the complementarity of male and female roles?
A) Luxuriant Dew
B) Yin-yang theory
C) The Three Obediences
D) Four Virtues
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