- 1. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, authored by sociologist Erving Goffman in 1956, is a seminal work that explores the intricacies of social interaction and the ways in which individuals curate their identities in various social contexts. Drawing upon the metaphor of a theatrical performance, Goffman argues that everyday interactions resemble a stage where individuals perform roles to convey specific impressions to others. He delves into concepts such as 'front stage' and 'back stage,' highlighting how people manage their appearances, demeanor, and expressions to align with social expectations and norms. Goffman's analysis reflects on the importance of context in shaping one’s identity, suggesting that the self is not a fixed entity but rather a fluid construct influenced by social interactions. He also introduces the idea of 'impression management,' where individuals actively seek to control how they are perceived by others, utilizing various strategies such as setting, presentation of self, and even deception. This work has had profound implications across sociology, psychology, and performance studies, prompting readers to reconsider the dynamics of authenticity, social roles, and the performative aspects of human behavior in both public and private spheres.
What is the 'backstage' region in Goffman's theory?
A) The main area where the performance is given
B) The historical context of a social role
C) A place where the performer can relax and step out of character
D) A support system for failed performances
- 2. According to Goffman, what is the fundamental purpose of this theatrical presentation of self?
A) To maintain social order and define situations
B) To deceive others for personal gain
C) To create artistic expression
D) To achieve fame and recognition
- 3. What is the 'idealization' of a performance?
A) A philosophical concept of perfect forms
B) The process of becoming a better person
C) Presenting an idealized version of reality to the audience
D) Thinking of the perfect thing to say after a conversation
- 4. A 'believeable' performance requires what?
A) A large audience
B) Professional training
C) Extensive rehearsal
D) Dramatic consistency
- 5. What does Goffman mean by 'region'?
A) A historical period in theater
B) A part of the brain responsible for social behavior
C) A geographical area with distinct customs
D) A place bounded by barriers to perception
- 6. What is a 'discrepant role'?
A) A character part that doesn't fit the actor
B) A role that contradicts one's personal beliefs
C) A job with inconsistent duties
D) A role where the individual has access to backstage information
- 7. What does Goffman call it when a performance is disrupted?
A) A catastrophe
B) An incident
C) A breach
D) A tragedy
- 8. What are 'appearance' and 'manner' components of?
A) The backstage region
B) Team collusion
C) The personal front
D) Dramatic realization
- 9. Goffman's work is a foundational text in which sociological approach?
A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interactionism
D) Feminist theory
- 10. What is the primary unit of analysis in Goffman's dramaturgy?
A) Economic class structures
B) Large-scale social institutions
C) The individual psyche
D) The social encounter or situation
- 11. Goffman suggests that the self is:
A) A purely biological construction
B) A product of the scene that emerges from the performance
C) A fixed and unchanging essence within each person
D) An illusion that doesn't really exist
- 12. According to Goffman, what is the term for the effort an individual makes to maintain the impression they are trying to project?
A) Behavioral conditioning
B) Impression management
C) Character acting
D) Social engineering
- 13. What does Goffman call the specific physical space where a performance takes place?
A) A region
B) A platform
C) A set
D) A zone
- 14. What is the term for expressions that others can see as symptomatic of the actor?
A) Reflexive actions
B) Expressions given off
C) Unconscious tells
D) Involuntary leakage
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