- 1. The Ghost Dance Movement was a spiritual and religious movement among Native American tribes in the late 19th century, particularly flourishing among the Plains Indians in the United States. It originated in the wake of devastating impacts from westward expansion, including the loss of lands, the decimation of buffalo herds, and the spread of diseases brought by European settlers. Spearheaded by the Northern Paiute prophet Wovoka, who claimed to have received a vision during a solar eclipse in 1889, the movement promised the restoration of Native American ancestral lands and the resurrection of deceased loved ones, alongside a promised day of peace when while living Native Americans would reunite with those who had died, effectively creating a paradise on earth. This vision provided a sense of hope and empowerment to many tribes struggling against the oppression and marginalization experienced in the wake of U.S. government policies. The movement included ritualistic dances and songs, known as the Ghost Dance, which were believed to bring about these transformative spiritual changes. However, the increasing adoption of the Ghost Dance by various tribes, notably the Lakota Sioux, alarmed U.S. authorities, leading to tragic events such as the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890, where hundreds of Lakota were killed. As a result, the Ghost Dance Movement symbolized both cultural resistance against colonial forces and the broader struggle for Native American rights and identity during a time of significant upheaval.
Who was the primary leader associated with the Ghost Dance Movement?
A) Geronimo
B) Crazy Horse
C) Wovoka
D) Sitting Bull
- 2. In what year did Wovoka have his vision that led to the Ghost Dance Movement?
A) 1889
B) 1876
C) 1895
D) 1901
- 3. Which Native American tribe is most closely associated with the Ghost Dance?
A) Navajo
B) Cherokee
C) Pueblo
D) Lakota Sioux
- 4. What did participants in the Ghost Dance believe would happen?
A) They would gain military power
B) The dead would return and restore the land
C) They would form an alliance with white settlers
D) They would become immortal
- 5. Where did the Ghost Dance Movement originate?
A) California
B) Nevada
C) Arizona
D) South Dakota
- 6. What significant event occurred in 1890 related to the Ghost Dance Movement?
A) Wounded Knee Massacre
B) Sand Creek Massacre
C) Battle of the Washita
D) Battle of Little Bighorn
- 7. What was the reaction of U.S. government officials to the Ghost Dance Movement?
A) Fear and repression
B) Encouragement to continue
C) Indifference
D) Support and funding
- 8. In which year did the Wounded Knee Massacre occur?
A) 1885
B) 1880
C) 1901
D) 1890
- 9. What was Wovoka's other name?
A) Jack Wilson
B) Red Cloud
C) Sitting Bull
D) Chief Joseph
- 10. Which state was a central location for the Ghost Dance Movement?
A) California
B) Texas
C) Oregon
D) South Dakota
- 11. In which region of the U.S. did the Ghost Dance Movement primarily take place?
A) The Midwestern United States
B) The Northeastern United States
C) The Southeastern United States
D) The Western United States
- 12. Which historical context contributed to the rise of the Ghost Dance Movement?
A) Military dominance over settlers
B) Successful treaties with the U.S.
C) Increased prosperity among tribes
D) Loss of land and traditional lifestyle
- 13. What was a common practice during the Ghost Dance ceremony?
A) Playing musical instruments
B) Dancing in a circle
C) Singing hymns
D) Fast and pray
- 14. Who conducted research and published work on the Ghost Dance Movement?
A) Margaret Mead
B) James Mooney
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Carl Jung
- 15. What did the Native Americans hope the Ghost Dance would achieve?
A) The return of buffalo herds and land
B) Revenge against settlers
C) Complete assimilation
D) New treaties with the U.S. government
- 16. What did the phrase 'Ghost Dance' refer to?
A) A celebration of victory
B) A spiritual ceremony to connect with ancestors
C) A dance to solicit rain
D) A physical battle dance
- 17. How were the Ghost Dance gatherings often viewed by non-Native people?
A) As a cultural celebration
B) As inconsequential
C) As a threat
D) As a form of entertainment
- 18. When did the Ghost Dance Movement begin?
A) Late 1880s
B) Late 1700s
C) Early 1800s
D) Mid 1900s
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