A) Teeth provide genetic information directly B) Teeth change shape with age C) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma D) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat
A) To measure ridge density B) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval C) To detect forged fingerprints D) To classify latent prints at crime scenes
A) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage B) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers C) It requires no prior dental records D) Dental features rarely match across victims
A) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers B) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics C) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry D) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow
A) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values B) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable C) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem D) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies
A) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age B) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval C) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink D) It allows automatic destruction of old records
A) As a loop pattern B) As a whorl pattern C) As an arch pattern D) As pattern-indeterminate
A) Tented arch B) Plain whorl C) Radial loop D) Composite pattern
A) Principle of individuality B) Ridge density standard C) Principle of permanence D) Ridge count principle
A) Reject the print based solely on the pattern B) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only C) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern D) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis
A) Multiplicity B) Divergence C) Universality D) Permanence
A) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match B) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting C) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences D) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail
A) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection B) Apply magnetic powder C) Use iodine fuming before rolling D) Cut the finger and discard the skin
A) Iodine fuming B) Powder dusting C) Silver nitrate D) Ninhydrin
A) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling B) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion C) Increase pressure to improve contrast D) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled
A) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse B) Superglue → black powder → ALS C) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder D) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed
A) Adhesive tape B) Gel lifter C) Heat transfer sheet D) Ink transfer
A) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement B) Powder converts pores into visible white marks C) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion D) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate
A) Immediately declare the print an identification B) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval C) Proceed directly to comparison D) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on
A) Conducting blind and independent verification B) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically C) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first D) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals
A) Spectral Quality B) Exposure Value C) Light Intensity D) Composition
A) Bounce Flash B) Direct Flash C) Off-Camera Flash D) Rear-Curtain Flash
A) Minimal textural visibility B) Soft blending of edges C) Increased shadow definition D) Lower contrast on surfaces
A) Produces softer and more diffused illumination B) Enhances only reflective surfaces C) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail D) Eliminates the need for a tripod
A) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors B) It determines the shutter speed accuracy C) It limits the depth of field range D) It avoids lens distortion
A) Increase flash synchronization B) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning C) Ensure realistic color tones D) Prevent overexposure
A) Reduce ISO to 100 B) Increase ISO to a higher value C) Narrow the aperture to f/16 D) Use a slower shutter speed
A) Evidence Size Documentation B) Background Neutralization C) Exaggeration Prevention Rule D) Horizontal Composition Rule
A) Wide aperture, auto ISO B) High ISO, fast shutter C) Slow shutter, high ISO D) Small aperture, low ISO
A) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence B) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light C) Increasing shutter time using a tripod D) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows
A) Scene orientation is established B) Flash reflection is avoided C) Light intensity remains constant D) Depth of field is minimized
A) Match the wavelength with white balance settings B) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence C) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification D) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background
A) High ISO and wide aperture B) Narrow aperture with rear flash C) Slow shutter with diffused lighting D) Low ISO and fast shutter speed
A) Telephoto may distort the color temperature B) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships C) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy D) Wide-angle removes depth of field
A) Memory card slot B) ISO control C) Image sensor D) Lens focusing ring
A) Telephoto lens B) Standard lens C) Macro lens D) Ultra-wide lens
A) Increase shutter speed B) Disable autofocus C) Lower ISO and widen aperture D) Raise ISO and narrow aperture
A) Selecting higher ASA film B) Rotating memory dial C) Adjusting lens mount D) Changing film advance lever
A) May misrepresent the distance between objects B) May increase exposure stability C) May shift color temperature drastically D) May remove shadow details entirely
A) Minimum focusing distance exceeded B) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast C) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize D) Image sensor malfunctioned
A) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody B) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities C) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible D) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing
A) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects B) The financial value of the toxic substance detected C) The popularity of the analytical instrument used D) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator
A) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen B) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances C) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation D) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not
A) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination B) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood C) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test D) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood
A) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container B) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging` C) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure D) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain
A) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise B) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging C) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing D) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container
A) Activated charcoal only B) High-dose vitamin K therapy C) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM) D) Sodium bicarbonate infusion
A) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor B) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not C) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color D) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin
A) A personal diary B) A company memo C) A notarized affidavit D) A handwritten personal letter
A) VSC B) IR lamp C) ESDA D) Stereomicroscope
A) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink B) The presence of signature tremors C) Paper fiber uniqueness D) Pen pressure inconsistencies
A) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x B) It measures paper thickness with high precision C) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging D) It detects the weight of ink residue
A) Ink from different batches or pens was used B) The paper is of inferior quality C) The document contains natural handwriting variation D) The writer used excessive pressure when signing
A) Freehand imitation B) Natural variation C) Disguised signature D) Forgery through tracing
A) Ink used was incompatible B) The signature may be simulated C) It is an authentic signature D) The writer was in a hurry
A) Individual characteristics B) Natural variation C) Line quality analysis D) Class characteristics
A) The lighting technique was incorrect B) The ink was exposed to moisture C) Alteration likely occurred D) The paper is counterfeit
A) Simulation B) Typewriter output C) Signature stamp or machine signature D) Freehand forgery
A) A natural signature variation B) Impairment or loss of motor control C) Habitual writing behavior D) Possible disguise attempt
A) To assess quality of ink B) To observe fatigue in writing C) To determine paper density D) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation
A) The paper absorbed ink unevenly B) A mechanical copying method was used C) The writer used two pens intentionally D) The writing is genuine
A) The ink has degraded over time B) The writer was under stress C) The signature is authentic with natural variation D) The signature is simulated
A) The security thread has naturally faded B) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials C) The note is genuine but old D) The UV lamp is defective
A) The document was damaged by moisture B) The hologram was transferred from a real ID C) The ID is authentic but worn out D) Microprinting is naturally variable
A) Skin conductance B) Pupil dilation C) Eye color D) Blood pressure
A) Length of examination only B) Ambient room temperature only C) Subject’s favorite color D) Examiner skill and experience
A) To confuse the subject and induce errors B) To determine the subject’s memory capacity C) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison D) To directly detect lies about the incident
A) It has no measurable effect B) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses C) Only physical factors matter, not psychological D) It improves the detection of deception automatically
A) In-test phase B) Pre-test phase C) Control phase D) Post-test phase
A) Cardiograph B) Pneumograph C) Galvanometer D) Thermometer
A) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive B) Ignore both responses C) Consider the relevant question deceptive D) Restart the entire test
A) Pneumograph B) Galvanometer C) Cardio sensor D) Computer software
A) To establish baseline physiological responses B) To test memory retention C) To directly confirm deception D) To confuse the subject
A) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions B) Only using computer software C) By ignoring baseline readings D) Only by visual inspection
A) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors B) Ask more irrelevant questions C) Declare deception immediately D) Ignore inconsistencies
A) Conclude deception automatically B) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy C) Increase the number of relevant questions D) Ignore the responses and continue
A) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive B) Subject is likely deceptive C) Examiner should add more control questions D) Subject is definitely truthful
A) Measure subject’s memory accuracy B) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence C) Predict subject’s future behavior D) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception
A) Comparison microscope B) Rifling gauge C) Caliper D) Ballistic chronograph
A) It helps in measuring rifling impressions B) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition C) It prevents contamination of evidence D) It identifies the firearm used
A) Comparing bullets in the laboratory B) Photographing the suspect C) Testing the firearm immediately D) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence
A) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury B) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases C) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits D) To determine the shooter’s intent
A) To measure bullet speed and trajectory B) To compare rifling impressions C) To identify firearm serial numbers D) To document cartridge case markings
A) Disassembling the firearm in open court B) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing C) Testing bullets in front of the jury D) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe
A) Terminal ballistics B) Individual characteristics C) Class characteristics D) Internal ballistics
A) Handgun B) Rifle C) Shotgun D) Machine gun
A) Firing pin B) Bullet C) Primer D) Cartridge case
A) Terminal ballistics B) Internal ballistics C) Forensic ballistics D) External ballistics
A) Individual characteristics B) Class characteristics C) Ammunition design D) Internal ballistics
A) Individual characteristics B) Class characteristics C) External ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Internal ballistics B) Forensic ballistics C) External ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Firearm classification B) External ballistics C) Terminal ballistics D) Internal ballistics
A) Cartridge case B) Primer C) Gunpowder D) Bullet
A) Establishing individual characteristics B) Determining class characteristics C) Assessing external ballistics D) Evaluating firearm classification
A) Hand it to anyone nearby B) Test fire before collection C) Keep it loaded while packaging D) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm
A) To measure bullet velocity accurately B) To assess terminal ballistics C) To determine firearm make and model D) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion
A) To load them for demonstration B) To test them before court C) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings D) To analyze gunpowder separately
A) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging B) Polishing them for clarity C) Cleaning them immediately D) Keeping them in open air
A) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading. B) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise. C) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court. D) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations.
A) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. B) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. C) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. D) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. |