A) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat B) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma C) Teeth provide genetic information directly D) Teeth change shape with age
A) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval B) To measure ridge density C) To classify latent prints at crime scenes D) To detect forged fingerprints
A) It requires no prior dental records B) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers C) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage D) Dental features rarely match across victims
A) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow B) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics C) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers D) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry
A) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies B) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem C) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable D) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values
A) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink B) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval C) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age D) It allows automatic destruction of old records
A) As a loop pattern B) As an arch pattern C) As a whorl pattern D) As pattern-indeterminate
A) Radial loop B) Plain whorl C) Tented arch D) Composite pattern
A) Ridge density standard B) Principle of individuality C) Principle of permanence D) Ridge count principle
A) Reject the print based solely on the pattern B) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only C) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern D) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis
A) Universality B) Permanence C) Multiplicity D) Divergence
A) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match B) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting C) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences D) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail
A) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection B) Apply magnetic powder C) Use iodine fuming before rolling D) Cut the finger and discard the skin
A) Silver nitrate B) Ninhydrin C) Iodine fuming D) Powder dusting
A) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled B) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling C) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion D) Increase pressure to improve contrast
A) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse B) Superglue → black powder → ALS C) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder D) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed
A) Heat transfer sheet B) Ink transfer C) Adhesive tape D) Gel lifter
A) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate B) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement C) Powder converts pores into visible white marks D) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion
A) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on B) Immediately declare the print an identification C) Proceed directly to comparison D) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval
A) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first B) Conducting blind and independent verification C) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically D) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals
A) Exposure Value B) Light Intensity C) Spectral Quality D) Composition
A) Direct Flash B) Off-Camera Flash C) Bounce Flash D) Rear-Curtain Flash
A) Soft blending of edges B) Increased shadow definition C) Minimal textural visibility D) Lower contrast on surfaces
A) Produces softer and more diffused illumination B) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail C) Eliminates the need for a tripod D) Enhances only reflective surfaces
A) It limits the depth of field range B) It determines the shutter speed accuracy C) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors D) It avoids lens distortion
A) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning B) Prevent overexposure C) Ensure realistic color tones D) Increase flash synchronization
A) Increase ISO to a higher value B) Reduce ISO to 100 C) Use a slower shutter speed D) Narrow the aperture to f/16
A) Background Neutralization B) Exaggeration Prevention Rule C) Evidence Size Documentation D) Horizontal Composition Rule
A) Slow shutter, high ISO B) Wide aperture, auto ISO C) Small aperture, low ISO D) High ISO, fast shutter
A) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light B) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows C) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence D) Increasing shutter time using a tripod
A) Light intensity remains constant B) Scene orientation is established C) Depth of field is minimized D) Flash reflection is avoided
A) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence B) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background C) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification D) Match the wavelength with white balance settings
A) Narrow aperture with rear flash B) High ISO and wide aperture C) Slow shutter with diffused lighting D) Low ISO and fast shutter speed
A) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy B) Wide-angle removes depth of field C) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships D) Telephoto may distort the color temperature
A) Image sensor B) Lens focusing ring C) ISO control D) Memory card slot
A) Ultra-wide lens B) Macro lens C) Standard lens D) Telephoto lens
A) Lower ISO and widen aperture B) Raise ISO and narrow aperture C) Increase shutter speed D) Disable autofocus
A) Adjusting lens mount B) Selecting higher ASA film C) Rotating memory dial D) Changing film advance lever
A) May remove shadow details entirely B) May increase exposure stability C) May misrepresent the distance between objects D) May shift color temperature drastically
A) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize B) Image sensor malfunctioned C) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast D) Minimum focusing distance exceeded
A) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing B) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible C) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities D) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody
A) The financial value of the toxic substance detected B) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator C) The popularity of the analytical instrument used D) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects
A) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen B) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances C) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation D) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not
A) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood B) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood C) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination D) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test
A) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging` B) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure C) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container D) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain
A) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging B) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container C) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise D) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing
A) Sodium bicarbonate infusion B) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM) C) High-dose vitamin K therapy D) Activated charcoal only
A) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor B) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not C) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin D) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color
A) A personal diary B) A notarized affidavit C) A handwritten personal letter D) A company memo
A) ESDA B) Stereomicroscope C) VSC D) IR lamp
A) Pen pressure inconsistencies B) The presence of signature tremors C) Paper fiber uniqueness D) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink
A) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging B) It detects the weight of ink residue C) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x D) It measures paper thickness with high precision
A) The document contains natural handwriting variation B) The writer used excessive pressure when signing C) Ink from different batches or pens was used D) The paper is of inferior quality
A) Disguised signature B) Forgery through tracing C) Freehand imitation D) Natural variation
A) The signature may be simulated B) Ink used was incompatible C) It is an authentic signature D) The writer was in a hurry
A) Natural variation B) Line quality analysis C) Class characteristics D) Individual characteristics
A) The ink was exposed to moisture B) The lighting technique was incorrect C) Alteration likely occurred D) The paper is counterfeit
A) Freehand forgery B) Simulation C) Typewriter output D) Signature stamp or machine signature
A) Habitual writing behavior B) A natural signature variation C) Impairment or loss of motor control D) Possible disguise attempt
A) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation B) To assess quality of ink C) To observe fatigue in writing D) To determine paper density
A) The writer used two pens intentionally B) A mechanical copying method was used C) The writing is genuine D) The paper absorbed ink unevenly
A) The ink has degraded over time B) The signature is simulated C) The signature is authentic with natural variation D) The writer was under stress
A) The note is genuine but old B) The security thread has naturally faded C) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials D) The UV lamp is defective
A) The document was damaged by moisture B) The ID is authentic but worn out C) The hologram was transferred from a real ID D) Microprinting is naturally variable
A) Blood pressure B) Pupil dilation C) Skin conductance D) Eye color
A) Length of examination only B) Ambient room temperature only C) Examiner skill and experience D) Subject’s favorite color
A) To confuse the subject and induce errors B) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison C) To determine the subject’s memory capacity D) To directly detect lies about the incident
A) It improves the detection of deception automatically B) Only physical factors matter, not psychological C) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses D) It has no measurable effect
A) Control phase B) Post-test phase C) In-test phase D) Pre-test phase
A) Thermometer B) Galvanometer C) Pneumograph D) Cardiograph
A) Consider the relevant question deceptive B) Restart the entire test C) Ignore both responses D) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive
A) Pneumograph B) Computer software C) Cardio sensor D) Galvanometer
A) To directly confirm deception B) To establish baseline physiological responses C) To confuse the subject D) To test memory retention
A) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions B) By ignoring baseline readings C) Only by visual inspection D) Only using computer software
A) Ignore inconsistencies B) Ask more irrelevant questions C) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors D) Declare deception immediately
A) Increase the number of relevant questions B) Ignore the responses and continue C) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy D) Conclude deception automatically
A) Subject is likely deceptive B) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive C) Subject is definitely truthful D) Examiner should add more control questions
A) Measure subject’s memory accuracy B) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception C) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence D) Predict subject’s future behavior
A) Caliper B) Comparison microscope C) Rifling gauge D) Ballistic chronograph
A) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition B) It helps in measuring rifling impressions C) It identifies the firearm used D) It prevents contamination of evidence
A) Testing the firearm immediately B) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence C) Photographing the suspect D) Comparing bullets in the laboratory
A) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases B) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury C) To determine the shooter’s intent D) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits
A) To document cartridge case markings B) To compare rifling impressions C) To measure bullet speed and trajectory D) To identify firearm serial numbers
A) Disassembling the firearm in open court B) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing C) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe D) Testing bullets in front of the jury
A) Individual characteristics B) Internal ballistics C) Class characteristics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Shotgun B) Rifle C) Machine gun D) Handgun
A) Cartridge case B) Bullet C) Primer D) Firing pin
A) Internal ballistics B) External ballistics C) Terminal ballistics D) Forensic ballistics
A) Individual characteristics B) Internal ballistics C) Ammunition design D) Class characteristics
A) Individual characteristics B) Class characteristics C) Terminal ballistics D) External ballistics
A) External ballistics B) Internal ballistics C) Forensic ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Terminal ballistics B) External ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) Firearm classification
A) Bullet B) Primer C) Gunpowder D) Cartridge case
A) Evaluating firearm classification B) Assessing external ballistics C) Establishing individual characteristics D) Determining class characteristics
A) Hand it to anyone nearby B) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm C) Test fire before collection D) Keep it loaded while packaging
A) To assess terminal ballistics B) To measure bullet velocity accurately C) To determine firearm make and model D) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion
A) To analyze gunpowder separately B) To test them before court C) To load them for demonstration D) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings
A) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging B) Polishing them for clarity C) Keeping them in open air D) Cleaning them immediately
A) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise. B) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court. C) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations. D) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading.
A) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. B) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. C) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. D) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. |