A) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat B) Teeth provide genetic information directly C) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma D) Teeth change shape with age
A) To measure ridge density B) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval C) To classify latent prints at crime scenes D) To detect forged fingerprints
A) Dental features rarely match across victims B) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers C) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage D) It requires no prior dental records
A) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry B) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers C) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics D) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow
A) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable B) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem C) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values D) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies
A) It allows automatic destruction of old records B) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink C) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval D) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age
A) As a loop pattern B) As pattern-indeterminate C) As an arch pattern D) As a whorl pattern
A) Composite pattern B) Tented arch C) Radial loop D) Plain whorl
A) Principle of permanence B) Ridge count principle C) Ridge density standard D) Principle of individuality
A) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis B) Reject the print based solely on the pattern C) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only D) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern
A) Divergence B) Permanence C) Multiplicity D) Universality
A) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail B) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match C) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting D) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences
A) Cut the finger and discard the skin B) Apply magnetic powder C) Use iodine fuming before rolling D) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection
A) Ninhydrin B) Silver nitrate C) Iodine fuming D) Powder dusting
A) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled B) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion C) Increase pressure to improve contrast D) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling
A) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse B) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed C) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder D) Superglue → black powder → ALS
A) Gel lifter B) Ink transfer C) Heat transfer sheet D) Adhesive tape
A) Powder converts pores into visible white marks B) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion C) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate D) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement
A) Proceed directly to comparison B) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval C) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on D) Immediately declare the print an identification
A) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically B) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals C) Conducting blind and independent verification D) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first
A) Spectral Quality B) Exposure Value C) Composition D) Light Intensity
A) Bounce Flash B) Rear-Curtain Flash C) Off-Camera Flash D) Direct Flash
A) Soft blending of edges B) Increased shadow definition C) Minimal textural visibility D) Lower contrast on surfaces
A) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail B) Enhances only reflective surfaces C) Produces softer and more diffused illumination D) Eliminates the need for a tripod
A) It limits the depth of field range B) It avoids lens distortion C) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors D) It determines the shutter speed accuracy
A) Ensure realistic color tones B) Prevent overexposure C) Increase flash synchronization D) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning
A) Reduce ISO to 100 B) Increase ISO to a higher value C) Use a slower shutter speed D) Narrow the aperture to f/16
A) Horizontal Composition Rule B) Evidence Size Documentation C) Exaggeration Prevention Rule D) Background Neutralization
A) Wide aperture, auto ISO B) Slow shutter, high ISO C) High ISO, fast shutter D) Small aperture, low ISO
A) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows B) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light C) Increasing shutter time using a tripod D) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence
A) Flash reflection is avoided B) Light intensity remains constant C) Scene orientation is established D) Depth of field is minimized
A) Match the wavelength with white balance settings B) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence C) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification D) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background
A) Slow shutter with diffused lighting B) High ISO and wide aperture C) Narrow aperture with rear flash D) Low ISO and fast shutter speed
A) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy B) Telephoto may distort the color temperature C) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships D) Wide-angle removes depth of field
A) ISO control B) Image sensor C) Lens focusing ring D) Memory card slot
A) Macro lens B) Ultra-wide lens C) Telephoto lens D) Standard lens
A) Raise ISO and narrow aperture B) Lower ISO and widen aperture C) Disable autofocus D) Increase shutter speed
A) Adjusting lens mount B) Changing film advance lever C) Selecting higher ASA film D) Rotating memory dial
A) May remove shadow details entirely B) May misrepresent the distance between objects C) May increase exposure stability D) May shift color temperature drastically
A) Minimum focusing distance exceeded B) Image sensor malfunctioned C) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize D) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast
A) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody B) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities C) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible D) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing
A) The popularity of the analytical instrument used B) The financial value of the toxic substance detected C) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects D) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator
A) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation B) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen C) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not D) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances
A) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test B) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination C) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood D) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood
A) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain B) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging` C) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container D) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure
A) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging B) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise C) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container D) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing
A) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM) B) High-dose vitamin K therapy C) Activated charcoal only D) Sodium bicarbonate infusion
A) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not B) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin C) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color D) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor
A) A company memo B) A personal diary C) A handwritten personal letter D) A notarized affidavit
A) ESDA B) IR lamp C) Stereomicroscope D) VSC
A) Paper fiber uniqueness B) Pen pressure inconsistencies C) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink D) The presence of signature tremors
A) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging B) It detects the weight of ink residue C) It measures paper thickness with high precision D) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x
A) The writer used excessive pressure when signing B) The document contains natural handwriting variation C) Ink from different batches or pens was used D) The paper is of inferior quality
A) Disguised signature B) Natural variation C) Freehand imitation D) Forgery through tracing
A) Ink used was incompatible B) The signature may be simulated C) It is an authentic signature D) The writer was in a hurry
A) Individual characteristics B) Natural variation C) Line quality analysis D) Class characteristics
A) The paper is counterfeit B) Alteration likely occurred C) The lighting technique was incorrect D) The ink was exposed to moisture
A) Simulation B) Freehand forgery C) Typewriter output D) Signature stamp or machine signature
A) Impairment or loss of motor control B) Possible disguise attempt C) A natural signature variation D) Habitual writing behavior
A) To observe fatigue in writing B) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation C) To assess quality of ink D) To determine paper density
A) A mechanical copying method was used B) The writing is genuine C) The writer used two pens intentionally D) The paper absorbed ink unevenly
A) The writer was under stress B) The ink has degraded over time C) The signature is authentic with natural variation D) The signature is simulated
A) The security thread has naturally faded B) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials C) The UV lamp is defective D) The note is genuine but old
A) The ID is authentic but worn out B) The hologram was transferred from a real ID C) The document was damaged by moisture D) Microprinting is naturally variable
A) Pupil dilation B) Skin conductance C) Eye color D) Blood pressure
A) Subject’s favorite color B) Length of examination only C) Examiner skill and experience D) Ambient room temperature only
A) To confuse the subject and induce errors B) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison C) To determine the subject’s memory capacity D) To directly detect lies about the incident
A) Only physical factors matter, not psychological B) It has no measurable effect C) It improves the detection of deception automatically D) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses
A) In-test phase B) Pre-test phase C) Control phase D) Post-test phase
A) Galvanometer B) Cardiograph C) Pneumograph D) Thermometer
A) Consider the relevant question deceptive B) Ignore both responses C) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive D) Restart the entire test
A) Pneumograph B) Cardio sensor C) Galvanometer D) Computer software
A) To directly confirm deception B) To test memory retention C) To establish baseline physiological responses D) To confuse the subject
A) By ignoring baseline readings B) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions C) Only using computer software D) Only by visual inspection
A) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors B) Ignore inconsistencies C) Ask more irrelevant questions D) Declare deception immediately
A) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy B) Ignore the responses and continue C) Conclude deception automatically D) Increase the number of relevant questions
A) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive B) Subject is likely deceptive C) Examiner should add more control questions D) Subject is definitely truthful
A) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception B) Measure subject’s memory accuracy C) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence D) Predict subject’s future behavior
A) Comparison microscope B) Caliper C) Rifling gauge D) Ballistic chronograph
A) It identifies the firearm used B) It helps in measuring rifling impressions C) It prevents contamination of evidence D) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition
A) Photographing the suspect B) Comparing bullets in the laboratory C) Testing the firearm immediately D) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence
A) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases B) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits C) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury D) To determine the shooter’s intent
A) To document cartridge case markings B) To compare rifling impressions C) To measure bullet speed and trajectory D) To identify firearm serial numbers
A) Testing bullets in front of the jury B) Disassembling the firearm in open court C) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe D) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing
A) Terminal ballistics B) Internal ballistics C) Individual characteristics D) Class characteristics
A) Shotgun B) Rifle C) Handgun D) Machine gun
A) Bullet B) Cartridge case C) Firing pin D) Primer
A) Forensic ballistics B) Internal ballistics C) External ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Ammunition design B) Class characteristics C) Individual characteristics D) Internal ballistics
A) External ballistics B) Terminal ballistics C) Individual characteristics D) Class characteristics
A) External ballistics B) Forensic ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Firearm classification B) Terminal ballistics C) External ballistics D) Internal ballistics
A) Bullet B) Cartridge case C) Primer D) Gunpowder
A) Establishing individual characteristics B) Determining class characteristics C) Assessing external ballistics D) Evaluating firearm classification
A) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm B) Keep it loaded while packaging C) Hand it to anyone nearby D) Test fire before collection
A) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion B) To measure bullet velocity accurately C) To assess terminal ballistics D) To determine firearm make and model
A) To test them before court B) To load them for demonstration C) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings D) To analyze gunpowder separately
A) Cleaning them immediately B) Polishing them for clarity C) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging D) Keeping them in open air
A) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations. B) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court. C) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading. D) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise.
A) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. B) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. C) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. D) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. |