A) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma B) Teeth provide genetic information directly C) Teeth change shape with age D) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat
A) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval B) To detect forged fingerprints C) To measure ridge density D) To classify latent prints at crime scenes
A) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage B) Dental features rarely match across victims C) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers D) It requires no prior dental records
A) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers B) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics C) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry D) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow
A) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies B) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem C) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable D) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values
A) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval B) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age C) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink D) It allows automatic destruction of old records
A) As a whorl pattern B) As an arch pattern C) As pattern-indeterminate D) As a loop pattern
A) Tented arch B) Plain whorl C) Composite pattern D) Radial loop
A) Principle of individuality B) Ridge count principle C) Ridge density standard D) Principle of permanence
A) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only B) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis C) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern D) Reject the print based solely on the pattern
A) Multiplicity B) Divergence C) Universality D) Permanence
A) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting B) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences C) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match D) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail
A) Apply magnetic powder B) Use iodine fuming before rolling C) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection D) Cut the finger and discard the skin
A) Silver nitrate B) Powder dusting C) Ninhydrin D) Iodine fuming
A) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling B) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled C) Increase pressure to improve contrast D) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion
A) Superglue → black powder → ALS B) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder C) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed D) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse
A) Gel lifter B) Adhesive tape C) Ink transfer D) Heat transfer sheet
A) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion B) Powder converts pores into visible white marks C) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate D) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement
A) Proceed directly to comparison B) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval C) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on D) Immediately declare the print an identification
A) Conducting blind and independent verification B) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically C) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first D) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals
A) Spectral Quality B) Composition C) Light Intensity D) Exposure Value
A) Off-Camera Flash B) Rear-Curtain Flash C) Direct Flash D) Bounce Flash
A) Increased shadow definition B) Lower contrast on surfaces C) Soft blending of edges D) Minimal textural visibility
A) Produces softer and more diffused illumination B) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail C) Eliminates the need for a tripod D) Enhances only reflective surfaces
A) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors B) It limits the depth of field range C) It avoids lens distortion D) It determines the shutter speed accuracy
A) Ensure realistic color tones B) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning C) Prevent overexposure D) Increase flash synchronization
A) Use a slower shutter speed B) Increase ISO to a higher value C) Reduce ISO to 100 D) Narrow the aperture to f/16
A) Horizontal Composition Rule B) Exaggeration Prevention Rule C) Evidence Size Documentation D) Background Neutralization
A) Small aperture, low ISO B) Wide aperture, auto ISO C) Slow shutter, high ISO D) High ISO, fast shutter
A) Increasing shutter time using a tripod B) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence C) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light D) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows
A) Flash reflection is avoided B) Light intensity remains constant C) Depth of field is minimized D) Scene orientation is established
A) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification B) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence C) Match the wavelength with white balance settings D) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background
A) Low ISO and fast shutter speed B) Narrow aperture with rear flash C) Slow shutter with diffused lighting D) High ISO and wide aperture
A) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy B) Telephoto may distort the color temperature C) Wide-angle removes depth of field D) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships
A) Image sensor B) Lens focusing ring C) Memory card slot D) ISO control
A) Standard lens B) Telephoto lens C) Macro lens D) Ultra-wide lens
A) Disable autofocus B) Raise ISO and narrow aperture C) Lower ISO and widen aperture D) Increase shutter speed
A) Rotating memory dial B) Selecting higher ASA film C) Adjusting lens mount D) Changing film advance lever
A) May increase exposure stability B) May misrepresent the distance between objects C) May shift color temperature drastically D) May remove shadow details entirely
A) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast B) Image sensor malfunctioned C) Minimum focusing distance exceeded D) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize
A) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing B) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody C) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities D) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible
A) The popularity of the analytical instrument used B) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects C) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator D) The financial value of the toxic substance detected
A) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen B) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not C) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation D) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances
A) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test B) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood C) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination D) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood
A) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain B) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container C) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure D) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging`
A) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging B) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise C) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing D) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container
A) Sodium bicarbonate infusion B) High-dose vitamin K therapy C) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM) D) Activated charcoal only
A) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor B) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not C) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color D) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin
A) A personal diary B) A handwritten personal letter C) A company memo D) A notarized affidavit
A) Stereomicroscope B) IR lamp C) ESDA D) VSC
A) Paper fiber uniqueness B) Pen pressure inconsistencies C) The presence of signature tremors D) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink
A) It measures paper thickness with high precision B) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging C) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x D) It detects the weight of ink residue
A) The writer used excessive pressure when signing B) The document contains natural handwriting variation C) Ink from different batches or pens was used D) The paper is of inferior quality
A) Natural variation B) Disguised signature C) Forgery through tracing D) Freehand imitation
A) It is an authentic signature B) The writer was in a hurry C) Ink used was incompatible D) The signature may be simulated
A) Natural variation B) Individual characteristics C) Line quality analysis D) Class characteristics
A) The lighting technique was incorrect B) Alteration likely occurred C) The ink was exposed to moisture D) The paper is counterfeit
A) Signature stamp or machine signature B) Freehand forgery C) Typewriter output D) Simulation
A) Possible disguise attempt B) Habitual writing behavior C) Impairment or loss of motor control D) A natural signature variation
A) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation B) To assess quality of ink C) To observe fatigue in writing D) To determine paper density
A) The writer used two pens intentionally B) A mechanical copying method was used C) The paper absorbed ink unevenly D) The writing is genuine
A) The ink has degraded over time B) The signature is authentic with natural variation C) The signature is simulated D) The writer was under stress
A) The UV lamp is defective B) The security thread has naturally faded C) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials D) The note is genuine but old
A) The document was damaged by moisture B) The ID is authentic but worn out C) Microprinting is naturally variable D) The hologram was transferred from a real ID
A) Skin conductance B) Eye color C) Blood pressure D) Pupil dilation
A) Length of examination only B) Ambient room temperature only C) Subject’s favorite color D) Examiner skill and experience
A) To directly detect lies about the incident B) To determine the subject’s memory capacity C) To confuse the subject and induce errors D) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison
A) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses B) It improves the detection of deception automatically C) Only physical factors matter, not psychological D) It has no measurable effect
A) Pre-test phase B) Post-test phase C) Control phase D) In-test phase
A) Cardiograph B) Thermometer C) Galvanometer D) Pneumograph
A) Restart the entire test B) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive C) Ignore both responses D) Consider the relevant question deceptive
A) Cardio sensor B) Pneumograph C) Computer software D) Galvanometer
A) To directly confirm deception B) To establish baseline physiological responses C) To confuse the subject D) To test memory retention
A) Only by visual inspection B) Only using computer software C) By ignoring baseline readings D) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions
A) Ignore inconsistencies B) Ask more irrelevant questions C) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors D) Declare deception immediately
A) Conclude deception automatically B) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy C) Ignore the responses and continue D) Increase the number of relevant questions
A) Subject is likely deceptive B) Examiner should add more control questions C) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive D) Subject is definitely truthful
A) Measure subject’s memory accuracy B) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence C) Predict subject’s future behavior D) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception
A) Comparison microscope B) Ballistic chronograph C) Rifling gauge D) Caliper
A) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition B) It helps in measuring rifling impressions C) It prevents contamination of evidence D) It identifies the firearm used
A) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence B) Photographing the suspect C) Comparing bullets in the laboratory D) Testing the firearm immediately
A) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury B) To determine the shooter’s intent C) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits D) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases
A) To identify firearm serial numbers B) To compare rifling impressions C) To document cartridge case markings D) To measure bullet speed and trajectory
A) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe B) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing C) Testing bullets in front of the jury D) Disassembling the firearm in open court
A) Individual characteristics B) Class characteristics C) Terminal ballistics D) Internal ballistics
A) Handgun B) Machine gun C) Rifle D) Shotgun
A) Bullet B) Firing pin C) Primer D) Cartridge case
A) Forensic ballistics B) Internal ballistics C) External ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Individual characteristics B) Class characteristics C) Internal ballistics D) Ammunition design
A) Class characteristics B) Terminal ballistics C) External ballistics D) Individual characteristics
A) Forensic ballistics B) External ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Firearm classification B) Terminal ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) External ballistics
A) Bullet B) Primer C) Cartridge case D) Gunpowder
A) Determining class characteristics B) Evaluating firearm classification C) Assessing external ballistics D) Establishing individual characteristics
A) Keep it loaded while packaging B) Hand it to anyone nearby C) Test fire before collection D) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm
A) To determine firearm make and model B) To measure bullet velocity accurately C) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion D) To assess terminal ballistics
A) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings B) To test them before court C) To load them for demonstration D) To analyze gunpowder separately
A) Keeping them in open air B) Cleaning them immediately C) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging D) Polishing them for clarity
A) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court. B) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations. C) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading. D) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise.
A) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. B) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. C) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. D) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. |