A) Teeth change shape with age B) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma C) Teeth provide genetic information directly D) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat
A) To classify latent prints at crime scenes B) To measure ridge density C) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval D) To detect forged fingerprints
A) Dental features rarely match across victims B) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage C) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers D) It requires no prior dental records
A) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow B) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry C) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers D) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics
A) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable B) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies C) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem D) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values
A) It allows automatic destruction of old records B) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval C) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink D) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age
A) As a loop pattern B) As pattern-indeterminate C) As a whorl pattern D) As an arch pattern
A) Tented arch B) Composite pattern C) Radial loop D) Plain whorl
A) Ridge density standard B) Ridge count principle C) Principle of permanence D) Principle of individuality
A) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only B) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern C) Reject the print based solely on the pattern D) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis
A) Divergence B) Multiplicity C) Universality D) Permanence
A) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match B) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail C) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting D) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences
A) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection B) Apply magnetic powder C) Use iodine fuming before rolling D) Cut the finger and discard the skin
A) Silver nitrate B) Ninhydrin C) Iodine fuming D) Powder dusting
A) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling B) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled C) Increase pressure to improve contrast D) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion
A) Superglue → black powder → ALS B) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse C) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder D) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed
A) Heat transfer sheet B) Ink transfer C) Gel lifter D) Adhesive tape
A) Powder converts pores into visible white marks B) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement C) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate D) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion
A) Immediately declare the print an identification B) Proceed directly to comparison C) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on D) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval
A) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically B) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals C) Conducting blind and independent verification D) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first
A) Light Intensity B) Exposure Value C) Spectral Quality D) Composition
A) Off-Camera Flash B) Bounce Flash C) Rear-Curtain Flash D) Direct Flash
A) Lower contrast on surfaces B) Increased shadow definition C) Minimal textural visibility D) Soft blending of edges
A) Produces softer and more diffused illumination B) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail C) Enhances only reflective surfaces D) Eliminates the need for a tripod
A) It avoids lens distortion B) It determines the shutter speed accuracy C) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors D) It limits the depth of field range
A) Increase flash synchronization B) Ensure realistic color tones C) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning D) Prevent overexposure
A) Narrow the aperture to f/16 B) Use a slower shutter speed C) Reduce ISO to 100 D) Increase ISO to a higher value
A) Exaggeration Prevention Rule B) Background Neutralization C) Horizontal Composition Rule D) Evidence Size Documentation
A) Wide aperture, auto ISO B) Small aperture, low ISO C) High ISO, fast shutter D) Slow shutter, high ISO
A) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence B) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light C) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows D) Increasing shutter time using a tripod
A) Flash reflection is avoided B) Light intensity remains constant C) Depth of field is minimized D) Scene orientation is established
A) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification B) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background C) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence D) Match the wavelength with white balance settings
A) Narrow aperture with rear flash B) High ISO and wide aperture C) Slow shutter with diffused lighting D) Low ISO and fast shutter speed
A) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy B) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships C) Wide-angle removes depth of field D) Telephoto may distort the color temperature
A) Image sensor B) Lens focusing ring C) ISO control D) Memory card slot
A) Ultra-wide lens B) Standard lens C) Telephoto lens D) Macro lens
A) Disable autofocus B) Increase shutter speed C) Raise ISO and narrow aperture D) Lower ISO and widen aperture
A) Rotating memory dial B) Changing film advance lever C) Adjusting lens mount D) Selecting higher ASA film
A) May misrepresent the distance between objects B) May increase exposure stability C) May shift color temperature drastically D) May remove shadow details entirely
A) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast B) Image sensor malfunctioned C) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize D) Minimum focusing distance exceeded
A) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing B) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible C) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities D) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody
A) The financial value of the toxic substance detected B) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects C) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator D) The popularity of the analytical instrument used
A) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen B) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances C) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation D) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not
A) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood B) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood C) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination D) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test
A) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain B) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure C) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container D) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging`
A) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container B) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing C) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise D) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging
A) Sodium bicarbonate infusion B) High-dose vitamin K therapy C) Activated charcoal only D) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM)
A) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not B) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin C) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color D) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor
A) A notarized affidavit B) A company memo C) A handwritten personal letter D) A personal diary
A) ESDA B) VSC C) Stereomicroscope D) IR lamp
A) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink B) Paper fiber uniqueness C) Pen pressure inconsistencies D) The presence of signature tremors
A) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging B) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x C) It measures paper thickness with high precision D) It detects the weight of ink residue
A) The writer used excessive pressure when signing B) The document contains natural handwriting variation C) The paper is of inferior quality D) Ink from different batches or pens was used
A) Natural variation B) Freehand imitation C) Disguised signature D) Forgery through tracing
A) The signature may be simulated B) Ink used was incompatible C) The writer was in a hurry D) It is an authentic signature
A) Class characteristics B) Natural variation C) Line quality analysis D) Individual characteristics
A) The lighting technique was incorrect B) The paper is counterfeit C) Alteration likely occurred D) The ink was exposed to moisture
A) Signature stamp or machine signature B) Typewriter output C) Simulation D) Freehand forgery
A) Habitual writing behavior B) Possible disguise attempt C) A natural signature variation D) Impairment or loss of motor control
A) To assess quality of ink B) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation C) To observe fatigue in writing D) To determine paper density
A) The writer used two pens intentionally B) The writing is genuine C) A mechanical copying method was used D) The paper absorbed ink unevenly
A) The writer was under stress B) The signature is simulated C) The signature is authentic with natural variation D) The ink has degraded over time
A) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials B) The UV lamp is defective C) The security thread has naturally faded D) The note is genuine but old
A) The document was damaged by moisture B) Microprinting is naturally variable C) The ID is authentic but worn out D) The hologram was transferred from a real ID
A) Skin conductance B) Blood pressure C) Eye color D) Pupil dilation
A) Subject’s favorite color B) Examiner skill and experience C) Length of examination only D) Ambient room temperature only
A) To directly detect lies about the incident B) To determine the subject’s memory capacity C) To confuse the subject and induce errors D) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison
A) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses B) It has no measurable effect C) Only physical factors matter, not psychological D) It improves the detection of deception automatically
A) Post-test phase B) Pre-test phase C) Control phase D) In-test phase
A) Cardiograph B) Galvanometer C) Thermometer D) Pneumograph
A) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive B) Consider the relevant question deceptive C) Restart the entire test D) Ignore both responses
A) Galvanometer B) Cardio sensor C) Computer software D) Pneumograph
A) To confuse the subject B) To establish baseline physiological responses C) To directly confirm deception D) To test memory retention
A) Only using computer software B) Only by visual inspection C) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions D) By ignoring baseline readings
A) Declare deception immediately B) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors C) Ignore inconsistencies D) Ask more irrelevant questions
A) Increase the number of relevant questions B) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy C) Ignore the responses and continue D) Conclude deception automatically
A) Examiner should add more control questions B) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive C) Subject is likely deceptive D) Subject is definitely truthful
A) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence B) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception C) Predict subject’s future behavior D) Measure subject’s memory accuracy
A) Comparison microscope B) Caliper C) Rifling gauge D) Ballistic chronograph
A) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition B) It identifies the firearm used C) It helps in measuring rifling impressions D) It prevents contamination of evidence
A) Photographing the suspect B) Comparing bullets in the laboratory C) Testing the firearm immediately D) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence
A) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases B) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury C) To determine the shooter’s intent D) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits
A) To measure bullet speed and trajectory B) To document cartridge case markings C) To compare rifling impressions D) To identify firearm serial numbers
A) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe B) Disassembling the firearm in open court C) Testing bullets in front of the jury D) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing
A) Internal ballistics B) Terminal ballistics C) Individual characteristics D) Class characteristics
A) Machine gun B) Shotgun C) Rifle D) Handgun
A) Cartridge case B) Firing pin C) Bullet D) Primer
A) Internal ballistics B) External ballistics C) Forensic ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Internal ballistics B) Class characteristics C) Ammunition design D) Individual characteristics
A) Individual characteristics B) Class characteristics C) Terminal ballistics D) External ballistics
A) Terminal ballistics B) Forensic ballistics C) External ballistics D) Internal ballistics
A) Internal ballistics B) Firearm classification C) Terminal ballistics D) External ballistics
A) Bullet B) Cartridge case C) Gunpowder D) Primer
A) Evaluating firearm classification B) Establishing individual characteristics C) Assessing external ballistics D) Determining class characteristics
A) Test fire before collection B) Hand it to anyone nearby C) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm D) Keep it loaded while packaging
A) To assess terminal ballistics B) To measure bullet velocity accurately C) To determine firearm make and model D) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion
A) To analyze gunpowder separately B) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings C) To test them before court D) To load them for demonstration
A) Polishing them for clarity B) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging C) Cleaning them immediately D) Keeping them in open air
A) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court. B) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading. C) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise. D) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations.
A) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. B) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. C) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. D) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. |