A) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat B) Teeth change shape with age C) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma D) Teeth provide genetic information directly
A) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval B) To detect forged fingerprints C) To measure ridge density D) To classify latent prints at crime scenes
A) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage B) It requires no prior dental records C) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers D) Dental features rarely match across victims
A) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers B) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow C) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry D) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics
A) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies B) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable C) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values D) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem
A) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval B) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink C) It allows automatic destruction of old records D) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age
A) As a loop pattern B) As an arch pattern C) As pattern-indeterminate D) As a whorl pattern
A) Tented arch B) Composite pattern C) Radial loop D) Plain whorl
A) Ridge count principle B) Ridge density standard C) Principle of individuality D) Principle of permanence
A) Reject the print based solely on the pattern B) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern C) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis D) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only
A) Permanence B) Divergence C) Universality D) Multiplicity
A) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail B) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match C) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences D) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting
A) Cut the finger and discard the skin B) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection C) Apply magnetic powder D) Use iodine fuming before rolling
A) Iodine fuming B) Powder dusting C) Ninhydrin D) Silver nitrate
A) Increase pressure to improve contrast B) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion C) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling D) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled
A) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed B) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder C) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse D) Superglue → black powder → ALS
A) Gel lifter B) Adhesive tape C) Heat transfer sheet D) Ink transfer
A) Powder converts pores into visible white marks B) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate C) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement D) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion
A) Immediately declare the print an identification B) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval C) Proceed directly to comparison D) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on
A) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically B) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals C) Conducting blind and independent verification D) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first
A) Composition B) Light Intensity C) Spectral Quality D) Exposure Value
A) Bounce Flash B) Rear-Curtain Flash C) Off-Camera Flash D) Direct Flash
A) Minimal textural visibility B) Soft blending of edges C) Lower contrast on surfaces D) Increased shadow definition
A) Eliminates the need for a tripod B) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail C) Produces softer and more diffused illumination D) Enhances only reflective surfaces
A) It avoids lens distortion B) It limits the depth of field range C) It determines the shutter speed accuracy D) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors
A) Increase flash synchronization B) Ensure realistic color tones C) Prevent overexposure D) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning
A) Narrow the aperture to f/16 B) Reduce ISO to 100 C) Use a slower shutter speed D) Increase ISO to a higher value
A) Evidence Size Documentation B) Horizontal Composition Rule C) Exaggeration Prevention Rule D) Background Neutralization
A) Small aperture, low ISO B) Wide aperture, auto ISO C) Slow shutter, high ISO D) High ISO, fast shutter
A) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows B) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence C) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light D) Increasing shutter time using a tripod
A) Flash reflection is avoided B) Light intensity remains constant C) Depth of field is minimized D) Scene orientation is established
A) Match the wavelength with white balance settings B) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence C) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background D) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification
A) Low ISO and fast shutter speed B) Narrow aperture with rear flash C) Slow shutter with diffused lighting D) High ISO and wide aperture
A) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy B) Telephoto may distort the color temperature C) Wide-angle removes depth of field D) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships
A) Lens focusing ring B) ISO control C) Memory card slot D) Image sensor
A) Standard lens B) Ultra-wide lens C) Macro lens D) Telephoto lens
A) Increase shutter speed B) Raise ISO and narrow aperture C) Disable autofocus D) Lower ISO and widen aperture
A) Rotating memory dial B) Adjusting lens mount C) Selecting higher ASA film D) Changing film advance lever
A) May shift color temperature drastically B) May misrepresent the distance between objects C) May remove shadow details entirely D) May increase exposure stability
A) Image sensor malfunctioned B) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast C) Minimum focusing distance exceeded D) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize
A) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing B) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody C) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible D) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities
A) The popularity of the analytical instrument used B) The financial value of the toxic substance detected C) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator D) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects
A) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not B) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen C) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances D) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation
A) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood B) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test C) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood D) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination
A) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging` B) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure C) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container D) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain
A) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging B) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing C) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container D) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise
A) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM) B) Sodium bicarbonate infusion C) Activated charcoal only D) High-dose vitamin K therapy
A) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not B) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color C) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor D) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin
A) A personal diary B) A company memo C) A notarized affidavit D) A handwritten personal letter
A) IR lamp B) VSC C) Stereomicroscope D) ESDA
A) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink B) The presence of signature tremors C) Paper fiber uniqueness D) Pen pressure inconsistencies
A) It measures paper thickness with high precision B) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x C) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging D) It detects the weight of ink residue
A) The paper is of inferior quality B) The writer used excessive pressure when signing C) The document contains natural handwriting variation D) Ink from different batches or pens was used
A) Freehand imitation B) Disguised signature C) Forgery through tracing D) Natural variation
A) Ink used was incompatible B) The signature may be simulated C) It is an authentic signature D) The writer was in a hurry
A) Class characteristics B) Natural variation C) Individual characteristics D) Line quality analysis
A) Alteration likely occurred B) The lighting technique was incorrect C) The ink was exposed to moisture D) The paper is counterfeit
A) Signature stamp or machine signature B) Simulation C) Freehand forgery D) Typewriter output
A) Habitual writing behavior B) Possible disguise attempt C) A natural signature variation D) Impairment or loss of motor control
A) To observe fatigue in writing B) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation C) To assess quality of ink D) To determine paper density
A) The paper absorbed ink unevenly B) The writing is genuine C) The writer used two pens intentionally D) A mechanical copying method was used
A) The ink has degraded over time B) The signature is authentic with natural variation C) The writer was under stress D) The signature is simulated
A) The UV lamp is defective B) The note is genuine but old C) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials D) The security thread has naturally faded
A) The hologram was transferred from a real ID B) Microprinting is naturally variable C) The document was damaged by moisture D) The ID is authentic but worn out
A) Skin conductance B) Pupil dilation C) Eye color D) Blood pressure
A) Ambient room temperature only B) Examiner skill and experience C) Length of examination only D) Subject’s favorite color
A) To determine the subject’s memory capacity B) To directly detect lies about the incident C) To confuse the subject and induce errors D) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison
A) It has no measurable effect B) It improves the detection of deception automatically C) Only physical factors matter, not psychological D) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses
A) Post-test phase B) In-test phase C) Pre-test phase D) Control phase
A) Galvanometer B) Thermometer C) Cardiograph D) Pneumograph
A) Ignore both responses B) Restart the entire test C) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive D) Consider the relevant question deceptive
A) Computer software B) Galvanometer C) Pneumograph D) Cardio sensor
A) To test memory retention B) To confuse the subject C) To establish baseline physiological responses D) To directly confirm deception
A) Only using computer software B) Only by visual inspection C) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions D) By ignoring baseline readings
A) Declare deception immediately B) Ignore inconsistencies C) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors D) Ask more irrelevant questions
A) Increase the number of relevant questions B) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy C) Conclude deception automatically D) Ignore the responses and continue
A) Subject is definitely truthful B) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive C) Subject is likely deceptive D) Examiner should add more control questions
A) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception B) Predict subject’s future behavior C) Measure subject’s memory accuracy D) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence
A) Caliper B) Ballistic chronograph C) Rifling gauge D) Comparison microscope
A) It identifies the firearm used B) It prevents contamination of evidence C) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition D) It helps in measuring rifling impressions
A) Comparing bullets in the laboratory B) Testing the firearm immediately C) Photographing the suspect D) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence
A) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury B) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases C) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits D) To determine the shooter’s intent
A) To compare rifling impressions B) To identify firearm serial numbers C) To measure bullet speed and trajectory D) To document cartridge case markings
A) Disassembling the firearm in open court B) Testing bullets in front of the jury C) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing D) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe
A) Terminal ballistics B) Internal ballistics C) Individual characteristics D) Class characteristics
A) Rifle B) Machine gun C) Handgun D) Shotgun
A) Cartridge case B) Primer C) Firing pin D) Bullet
A) Internal ballistics B) External ballistics C) Terminal ballistics D) Forensic ballistics
A) Ammunition design B) Internal ballistics C) Class characteristics D) Individual characteristics
A) External ballistics B) Individual characteristics C) Terminal ballistics D) Class characteristics
A) Internal ballistics B) Forensic ballistics C) Terminal ballistics D) External ballistics
A) External ballistics B) Internal ballistics C) Terminal ballistics D) Firearm classification
A) Primer B) Gunpowder C) Bullet D) Cartridge case
A) Assessing external ballistics B) Determining class characteristics C) Establishing individual characteristics D) Evaluating firearm classification
A) Hand it to anyone nearby B) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm C) Test fire before collection D) Keep it loaded while packaging
A) To determine firearm make and model B) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion C) To measure bullet velocity accurately D) To assess terminal ballistics
A) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings B) To load them for demonstration C) To test them before court D) To analyze gunpowder separately
A) Keeping them in open air B) Cleaning them immediately C) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging D) Polishing them for clarity
A) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading. B) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court. C) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations. D) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise.
A) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. B) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. C) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. D) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. |