A) Teeth provide genetic information directly B) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat C) Teeth change shape with age D) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma
A) To measure ridge density B) To detect forged fingerprints C) To classify latent prints at crime scenes D) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval
A) Dental features rarely match across victims B) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage C) It requires no prior dental records D) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers
A) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry B) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics C) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers D) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow
A) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies B) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values C) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem D) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable
A) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age B) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval C) It allows automatic destruction of old records D) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink
A) As a whorl pattern B) As pattern-indeterminate C) As an arch pattern D) As a loop pattern
A) Composite pattern B) Plain whorl C) Tented arch D) Radial loop
A) Ridge density standard B) Principle of individuality C) Principle of permanence D) Ridge count principle
A) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only B) Reject the print based solely on the pattern C) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis D) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern
A) Divergence B) Universality C) Permanence D) Multiplicity
A) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting B) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail C) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match D) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences
A) Use iodine fuming before rolling B) Cut the finger and discard the skin C) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection D) Apply magnetic powder
A) Silver nitrate B) Powder dusting C) Ninhydrin D) Iodine fuming
A) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled B) Increase pressure to improve contrast C) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion D) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling
A) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse B) Superglue → black powder → ALS C) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed D) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder
A) Heat transfer sheet B) Adhesive tape C) Ink transfer D) Gel lifter
A) Powder converts pores into visible white marks B) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement C) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate D) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion
A) Proceed directly to comparison B) Immediately declare the print an identification C) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on D) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval
A) Conducting blind and independent verification B) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically C) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first D) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals
A) Spectral Quality B) Exposure Value C) Light Intensity D) Composition
A) Off-Camera Flash B) Rear-Curtain Flash C) Direct Flash D) Bounce Flash
A) Increased shadow definition B) Lower contrast on surfaces C) Soft blending of edges D) Minimal textural visibility
A) Eliminates the need for a tripod B) Enhances only reflective surfaces C) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail D) Produces softer and more diffused illumination
A) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors B) It avoids lens distortion C) It determines the shutter speed accuracy D) It limits the depth of field range
A) Ensure realistic color tones B) Increase flash synchronization C) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning D) Prevent overexposure
A) Use a slower shutter speed B) Increase ISO to a higher value C) Narrow the aperture to f/16 D) Reduce ISO to 100
A) Background Neutralization B) Horizontal Composition Rule C) Exaggeration Prevention Rule D) Evidence Size Documentation
A) Small aperture, low ISO B) Slow shutter, high ISO C) Wide aperture, auto ISO D) High ISO, fast shutter
A) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light B) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence C) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows D) Increasing shutter time using a tripod
A) Scene orientation is established B) Depth of field is minimized C) Light intensity remains constant D) Flash reflection is avoided
A) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background B) Match the wavelength with white balance settings C) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence D) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification
A) High ISO and wide aperture B) Slow shutter with diffused lighting C) Narrow aperture with rear flash D) Low ISO and fast shutter speed
A) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy B) Telephoto may distort the color temperature C) Wide-angle removes depth of field D) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships
A) ISO control B) Lens focusing ring C) Memory card slot D) Image sensor
A) Ultra-wide lens B) Macro lens C) Telephoto lens D) Standard lens
A) Raise ISO and narrow aperture B) Disable autofocus C) Lower ISO and widen aperture D) Increase shutter speed
A) Rotating memory dial B) Selecting higher ASA film C) Changing film advance lever D) Adjusting lens mount
A) May remove shadow details entirely B) May shift color temperature drastically C) May misrepresent the distance between objects D) May increase exposure stability
A) Minimum focusing distance exceeded B) Image sensor malfunctioned C) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast D) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize
A) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing B) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible C) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody D) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities
A) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator B) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects C) The popularity of the analytical instrument used D) The financial value of the toxic substance detected
A) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not B) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation C) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances D) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen
A) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test B) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination C) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood D) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood
A) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging` B) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container C) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure D) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain
A) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging B) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container C) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise D) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing
A) High-dose vitamin K therapy B) Activated charcoal only C) Sodium bicarbonate infusion D) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM)
A) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor B) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color C) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin D) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not
A) A personal diary B) A company memo C) A handwritten personal letter D) A notarized affidavit
A) Stereomicroscope B) ESDA C) IR lamp D) VSC
A) Paper fiber uniqueness B) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink C) The presence of signature tremors D) Pen pressure inconsistencies
A) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging B) It measures paper thickness with high precision C) It detects the weight of ink residue D) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x
A) The paper is of inferior quality B) Ink from different batches or pens was used C) The writer used excessive pressure when signing D) The document contains natural handwriting variation
A) Natural variation B) Forgery through tracing C) Disguised signature D) Freehand imitation
A) The writer was in a hurry B) It is an authentic signature C) Ink used was incompatible D) The signature may be simulated
A) Class characteristics B) Natural variation C) Individual characteristics D) Line quality analysis
A) The lighting technique was incorrect B) Alteration likely occurred C) The ink was exposed to moisture D) The paper is counterfeit
A) Typewriter output B) Simulation C) Signature stamp or machine signature D) Freehand forgery
A) Habitual writing behavior B) A natural signature variation C) Possible disguise attempt D) Impairment or loss of motor control
A) To determine paper density B) To observe fatigue in writing C) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation D) To assess quality of ink
A) The writing is genuine B) The writer used two pens intentionally C) The paper absorbed ink unevenly D) A mechanical copying method was used
A) The writer was under stress B) The ink has degraded over time C) The signature is simulated D) The signature is authentic with natural variation
A) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials B) The UV lamp is defective C) The security thread has naturally faded D) The note is genuine but old
A) The document was damaged by moisture B) Microprinting is naturally variable C) The ID is authentic but worn out D) The hologram was transferred from a real ID
A) Blood pressure B) Skin conductance C) Eye color D) Pupil dilation
A) Length of examination only B) Ambient room temperature only C) Examiner skill and experience D) Subject’s favorite color
A) To determine the subject’s memory capacity B) To confuse the subject and induce errors C) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison D) To directly detect lies about the incident
A) It has no measurable effect B) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses C) Only physical factors matter, not psychological D) It improves the detection of deception automatically
A) Pre-test phase B) Control phase C) In-test phase D) Post-test phase
A) Galvanometer B) Thermometer C) Pneumograph D) Cardiograph
A) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive B) Ignore both responses C) Consider the relevant question deceptive D) Restart the entire test
A) Pneumograph B) Computer software C) Galvanometer D) Cardio sensor
A) To test memory retention B) To establish baseline physiological responses C) To directly confirm deception D) To confuse the subject
A) Only by visual inspection B) By ignoring baseline readings C) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions D) Only using computer software
A) Ask more irrelevant questions B) Ignore inconsistencies C) Declare deception immediately D) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors
A) Ignore the responses and continue B) Conclude deception automatically C) Increase the number of relevant questions D) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy
A) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive B) Subject is definitely truthful C) Subject is likely deceptive D) Examiner should add more control questions
A) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence B) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception C) Predict subject’s future behavior D) Measure subject’s memory accuracy
A) Ballistic chronograph B) Rifling gauge C) Caliper D) Comparison microscope
A) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition B) It helps in measuring rifling impressions C) It identifies the firearm used D) It prevents contamination of evidence
A) Photographing the suspect B) Testing the firearm immediately C) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence D) Comparing bullets in the laboratory
A) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits B) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury C) To determine the shooter’s intent D) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases
A) To identify firearm serial numbers B) To compare rifling impressions C) To document cartridge case markings D) To measure bullet speed and trajectory
A) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe B) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing C) Testing bullets in front of the jury D) Disassembling the firearm in open court
A) Class characteristics B) Individual characteristics C) Terminal ballistics D) Internal ballistics
A) Shotgun B) Rifle C) Handgun D) Machine gun
A) Cartridge case B) Bullet C) Firing pin D) Primer
A) External ballistics B) Terminal ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) Forensic ballistics
A) Class characteristics B) Internal ballistics C) Ammunition design D) Individual characteristics
A) External ballistics B) Class characteristics C) Individual characteristics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Terminal ballistics B) Internal ballistics C) Forensic ballistics D) External ballistics
A) External ballistics B) Terminal ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) Firearm classification
A) Gunpowder B) Primer C) Bullet D) Cartridge case
A) Assessing external ballistics B) Determining class characteristics C) Evaluating firearm classification D) Establishing individual characteristics
A) Test fire before collection B) Keep it loaded while packaging C) Hand it to anyone nearby D) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm
A) To assess terminal ballistics B) To determine firearm make and model C) To measure bullet velocity accurately D) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion
A) To analyze gunpowder separately B) To load them for demonstration C) To test them before court D) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings
A) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging B) Polishing them for clarity C) Keeping them in open air D) Cleaning them immediately
A) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court. B) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading. C) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise. D) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations.
A) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. B) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. C) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. D) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. |