A) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat B) Teeth change shape with age C) Teeth provide genetic information directly D) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma
A) To measure ridge density B) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval C) To classify latent prints at crime scenes D) To detect forged fingerprints
A) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage B) Dental features rarely match across victims C) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers D) It requires no prior dental records
A) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers B) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow C) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry D) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics
A) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values B) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable C) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem D) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies
A) It allows automatic destruction of old records B) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink C) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age D) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval
A) As pattern-indeterminate B) As a loop pattern C) As an arch pattern D) As a whorl pattern
A) Tented arch B) Plain whorl C) Radial loop D) Composite pattern
A) Ridge count principle B) Principle of individuality C) Ridge density standard D) Principle of permanence
A) Reject the print based solely on the pattern B) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern C) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis D) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only
A) Universality B) Permanence C) Divergence D) Multiplicity
A) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match B) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences C) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail D) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting
A) Use iodine fuming before rolling B) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection C) Cut the finger and discard the skin D) Apply magnetic powder
A) Iodine fuming B) Powder dusting C) Silver nitrate D) Ninhydrin
A) Increase pressure to improve contrast B) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling C) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled D) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion
A) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed B) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse C) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder D) Superglue → black powder → ALS
A) Gel lifter B) Ink transfer C) Heat transfer sheet D) Adhesive tape
A) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion B) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement C) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate D) Powder converts pores into visible white marks
A) Immediately declare the print an identification B) Proceed directly to comparison C) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval D) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on
A) Conducting blind and independent verification B) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically C) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first D) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals
A) Composition B) Exposure Value C) Spectral Quality D) Light Intensity
A) Rear-Curtain Flash B) Bounce Flash C) Direct Flash D) Off-Camera Flash
A) Increased shadow definition B) Soft blending of edges C) Minimal textural visibility D) Lower contrast on surfaces
A) Produces softer and more diffused illumination B) Enhances only reflective surfaces C) Eliminates the need for a tripod D) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail
A) It limits the depth of field range B) It avoids lens distortion C) It determines the shutter speed accuracy D) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors
A) Ensure realistic color tones B) Increase flash synchronization C) Prevent overexposure D) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning
A) Increase ISO to a higher value B) Reduce ISO to 100 C) Use a slower shutter speed D) Narrow the aperture to f/16
A) Exaggeration Prevention Rule B) Background Neutralization C) Horizontal Composition Rule D) Evidence Size Documentation
A) Slow shutter, high ISO B) Wide aperture, auto ISO C) High ISO, fast shutter D) Small aperture, low ISO
A) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence B) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light C) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows D) Increasing shutter time using a tripod
A) Scene orientation is established B) Flash reflection is avoided C) Light intensity remains constant D) Depth of field is minimized
A) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification B) Match the wavelength with white balance settings C) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence D) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background
A) High ISO and wide aperture B) Slow shutter with diffused lighting C) Low ISO and fast shutter speed D) Narrow aperture with rear flash
A) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy B) Wide-angle removes depth of field C) Telephoto may distort the color temperature D) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships
A) ISO control B) Lens focusing ring C) Image sensor D) Memory card slot
A) Standard lens B) Macro lens C) Ultra-wide lens D) Telephoto lens
A) Disable autofocus B) Raise ISO and narrow aperture C) Increase shutter speed D) Lower ISO and widen aperture
A) Rotating memory dial B) Changing film advance lever C) Selecting higher ASA film D) Adjusting lens mount
A) May shift color temperature drastically B) May remove shadow details entirely C) May misrepresent the distance between objects D) May increase exposure stability
A) Image sensor malfunctioned B) Minimum focusing distance exceeded C) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize D) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast
A) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody B) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible C) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing D) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities
A) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator B) The financial value of the toxic substance detected C) The popularity of the analytical instrument used D) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects
A) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not B) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen C) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances D) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation
A) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood B) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test C) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination D) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood
A) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain B) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure C) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging` D) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container
A) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging B) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise C) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing D) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container
A) Sodium bicarbonate infusion B) Activated charcoal only C) High-dose vitamin K therapy D) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM)
A) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color B) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not C) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor D) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin
A) A handwritten personal letter B) A notarized affidavit C) A company memo D) A personal diary
A) IR lamp B) Stereomicroscope C) VSC D) ESDA
A) Pen pressure inconsistencies B) Paper fiber uniqueness C) The presence of signature tremors D) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink
A) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x B) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging C) It detects the weight of ink residue D) It measures paper thickness with high precision
A) The paper is of inferior quality B) The writer used excessive pressure when signing C) The document contains natural handwriting variation D) Ink from different batches or pens was used
A) Forgery through tracing B) Disguised signature C) Natural variation D) Freehand imitation
A) It is an authentic signature B) Ink used was incompatible C) The writer was in a hurry D) The signature may be simulated
A) Individual characteristics B) Class characteristics C) Line quality analysis D) Natural variation
A) Alteration likely occurred B) The ink was exposed to moisture C) The lighting technique was incorrect D) The paper is counterfeit
A) Typewriter output B) Freehand forgery C) Signature stamp or machine signature D) Simulation
A) Possible disguise attempt B) Habitual writing behavior C) Impairment or loss of motor control D) A natural signature variation
A) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation B) To assess quality of ink C) To determine paper density D) To observe fatigue in writing
A) A mechanical copying method was used B) The writer used two pens intentionally C) The paper absorbed ink unevenly D) The writing is genuine
A) The ink has degraded over time B) The writer was under stress C) The signature is simulated D) The signature is authentic with natural variation
A) The security thread has naturally faded B) The UV lamp is defective C) The note is genuine but old D) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials
A) Microprinting is naturally variable B) The document was damaged by moisture C) The hologram was transferred from a real ID D) The ID is authentic but worn out
A) Blood pressure B) Pupil dilation C) Eye color D) Skin conductance
A) Examiner skill and experience B) Length of examination only C) Subject’s favorite color D) Ambient room temperature only
A) To determine the subject’s memory capacity B) To directly detect lies about the incident C) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison D) To confuse the subject and induce errors
A) It improves the detection of deception automatically B) It has no measurable effect C) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses D) Only physical factors matter, not psychological
A) In-test phase B) Post-test phase C) Pre-test phase D) Control phase
A) Galvanometer B) Thermometer C) Pneumograph D) Cardiograph
A) Ignore both responses B) Restart the entire test C) Consider the relevant question deceptive D) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive
A) Galvanometer B) Computer software C) Pneumograph D) Cardio sensor
A) To test memory retention B) To establish baseline physiological responses C) To directly confirm deception D) To confuse the subject
A) By ignoring baseline readings B) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions C) Only by visual inspection D) Only using computer software
A) Ask more irrelevant questions B) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors C) Ignore inconsistencies D) Declare deception immediately
A) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy B) Ignore the responses and continue C) Conclude deception automatically D) Increase the number of relevant questions
A) Examiner should add more control questions B) Subject is likely deceptive C) Subject is definitely truthful D) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive
A) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception B) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence C) Measure subject’s memory accuracy D) Predict subject’s future behavior
A) Comparison microscope B) Caliper C) Rifling gauge D) Ballistic chronograph
A) It prevents contamination of evidence B) It identifies the firearm used C) It helps in measuring rifling impressions D) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition
A) Photographing the suspect B) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence C) Comparing bullets in the laboratory D) Testing the firearm immediately
A) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits B) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury C) To determine the shooter’s intent D) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases
A) To identify firearm serial numbers B) To compare rifling impressions C) To measure bullet speed and trajectory D) To document cartridge case markings
A) Testing bullets in front of the jury B) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe C) Disassembling the firearm in open court D) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing
A) Individual characteristics B) Internal ballistics C) Terminal ballistics D) Class characteristics
A) Machine gun B) Handgun C) Shotgun D) Rifle
A) Cartridge case B) Bullet C) Primer D) Firing pin
A) External ballistics B) Terminal ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) Forensic ballistics
A) Ammunition design B) Internal ballistics C) Class characteristics D) Individual characteristics
A) Terminal ballistics B) Class characteristics C) Individual characteristics D) External ballistics
A) External ballistics B) Terminal ballistics C) Forensic ballistics D) Internal ballistics
A) Terminal ballistics B) External ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) Firearm classification
A) Primer B) Cartridge case C) Gunpowder D) Bullet
A) Establishing individual characteristics B) Determining class characteristics C) Evaluating firearm classification D) Assessing external ballistics
A) Test fire before collection B) Keep it loaded while packaging C) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm D) Hand it to anyone nearby
A) To assess terminal ballistics B) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion C) To determine firearm make and model D) To measure bullet velocity accurately
A) To analyze gunpowder separately B) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings C) To load them for demonstration D) To test them before court
A) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging B) Keeping them in open air C) Cleaning them immediately D) Polishing them for clarity
A) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise. B) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations. C) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading. D) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court.
A) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. B) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. C) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. D) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. |