How to Identify and Classify Mushrooms - Test
  • 1. What is the primary reproductive structure of a mushroom?
A) Stem
B) Root
C) Leaf
D) Spore
  • 2. The underside of a mushroom cap is often covered with:
A) Scales
B) Bark
C) Gills or pores
D) Roots
  • 3. What is the term for the ring of tissue sometimes found on a mushroom stem?
A) Pileus
B) Volva
C) Annulus
D) Stipe
  • 4. What is the term for the cup-like structure at the base of some mushroom stems?
A) Pileus
B) Stipe
C) Annulus
D) Volva
  • 5. Which of these is NOT a key characteristic to observe for mushroom identification?
A) Spore print color
B) Stem texture
C) Root depth
D) Cap shape
  • 6. What is a spore print?
A) A visual representation of fungal DNA
B) A record of the mushroom's weight
C) A measurement of cap diameter
D) A pattern of spores deposited on a surface
  • 7. Which substrate might indicate a specific mushroom species?
A) Concrete
B) Specific types of wood
C) Open fields
D) Bare soil
  • 8. What is mycelium?
A) The scientific name for a mushroom
B) A type of mushroom poison
C) The vegetative part of a fungus
D) The fruiting body of a fungus
  • 9. What does 'saprophytic' mean in relation to fungi?
A) Growing on rocks
B) Decomposing organic matter
C) Parasitizing living organisms
D) Living symbiotically with plants
  • 10. What does 'mycorrhizal' mean in relation to fungi?
A) Forming a symbiotic relationship with plant roots
B) Parasitizing living organisms
C) Growing only in dry environments
D) Decomposing organic matter
  • 11. Which of these is a common cap shape?
A) Pentagonal
B) Quadrilateral
C) Triangular
D) Convex
  • 12. What is the best way to collect a mushroom for identification?
A) Carefully dig it up, preserving the base
B) Smash it to release spores
C) Cut it off at the stem
D) Pull it straight from the ground
  • 13. What should you do before consuming any wild mushroom?
A) Cook it thoroughly
B) Smell it carefully
C) Taste a small piece
D) Have it identified by an expert
  • 14. What does 'lamellae' refer to?
A) Cap
B) Stem
C) Spores
D) Gills
  • 15. What feature distinguishes boletes from many other mushrooms?
A) A slimy texture
B) A bright red cap
C) Pores instead of gills
D) A strong odor
  • 16. Which chemical can be used to help identify some mushroom species?
A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Vinegar
C) KOH (Potassium Hydroxide)
D) Sulfuric acid
  • 17. What is the term for mushrooms growing in a circular pattern?
A) Mushroom cluster
B) Fairy ring
C) Forest formation
D) Witches' circle
  • 18. What is the function of rhizomorphs?
A) Protecting spores
B) Anchoring the mushroom
C) Attracting insects
D) Transporting nutrients
  • 19. Which is a key indicator of deadly poisonous mushrooms?
A) Bright colors
B) Growing in groups
C) Pleasant smell
D) Volva and annulus
  • 20. What is the 'context' of a mushroom?
A) The spore print color
B) The surrounding environment
C) The mushroom's odor
D) The flesh of the cap and stem
  • 21. What is the primary role of fungi in an ecosystem?
A) Providing shelter for animals
B) Producing oxygen
C) Decomposition and nutrient cycling
D) Preventing soil erosion
  • 22. Which of these is a common type of gill attachment?
A) Free
B) Taped
C) Connected
D) Fused
  • 23. What is the importance of microscopic features in mushroom ID?
A) Help to confirm species identity
B) Determine edibility
C) Indicate spore print color
D) Determine cap size
  • 24. What is the hymenium?
A) The central core of the stem
B) The spore-bearing layer
C) The outer layer of the cap
D) The mycelial network
  • 25. What is a mushroom 'key' used for?
A) Cooking mushrooms
B) Storing mushrooms
C) Identifying unknown species
D) Growing mushrooms
  • 26. Which of these is a good field guide characteristic?
A) Detailed descriptions and illustrations
B) A list of poisonous mushrooms only
C) Recipes for mushroom dishes
D) A short glossary
  • 27. What is the function of cystidia?
A) Sterile cells on hymenium
B) Protective cells on the cap
C) Reproductive cells on the stem
D) Nutrient storage cells
  • 28. What is the best way to store mushrooms after collecting them for ID?
A) Submerged in water
B) In a sealed container
C) In a plastic bag
D) In a paper bag
  • 29. What does deliquescent gills mean?
A) Gills that are very fragile
B) Gills that are tightly packed together
C) Gills that dissolve into an inky fluid
D) Gills that change color when touched
  • 30. What is a sclerotium?
A) A hardened mass of mycelium
B) A type of spore
C) A type of mushroom stem
D) A poisonous compound found in some mushrooms
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