How to Identify and Classify Mushrooms
  • 1. What is the primary reproductive structure of a mushroom?
A) Spore
B) Stem
C) Root
D) Leaf
  • 2. The underside of a mushroom cap is often covered with:
A) Roots
B) Bark
C) Gills or pores
D) Scales
  • 3. What is the term for the ring of tissue sometimes found on a mushroom stem?
A) Volva
B) Stipe
C) Pileus
D) Annulus
  • 4. What is the term for the cup-like structure at the base of some mushroom stems?
A) Pileus
B) Stipe
C) Annulus
D) Volva
  • 5. Which of these is NOT a key characteristic to observe for mushroom identification?
A) Spore print color
B) Stem texture
C) Cap shape
D) Root depth
  • 6. What is a spore print?
A) A record of the mushroom's weight
B) A pattern of spores deposited on a surface
C) A visual representation of fungal DNA
D) A measurement of cap diameter
  • 7. Which substrate might indicate a specific mushroom species?
A) Open fields
B) Concrete
C) Bare soil
D) Specific types of wood
  • 8. What is mycelium?
A) The scientific name for a mushroom
B) A type of mushroom poison
C) The vegetative part of a fungus
D) The fruiting body of a fungus
  • 9. What does 'saprophytic' mean in relation to fungi?
A) Living symbiotically with plants
B) Parasitizing living organisms
C) Growing on rocks
D) Decomposing organic matter
  • 10. What does 'mycorrhizal' mean in relation to fungi?
A) Decomposing organic matter
B) Parasitizing living organisms
C) Forming a symbiotic relationship with plant roots
D) Growing only in dry environments
  • 11. Which of these is a common cap shape?
A) Pentagonal
B) Convex
C) Quadrilateral
D) Triangular
  • 12. What is the best way to collect a mushroom for identification?
A) Cut it off at the stem
B) Smash it to release spores
C) Pull it straight from the ground
D) Carefully dig it up, preserving the base
  • 13. What should you do before consuming any wild mushroom?
A) Smell it carefully
B) Taste a small piece
C) Have it identified by an expert
D) Cook it thoroughly
  • 14. What does 'lamellae' refer to?
A) Spores
B) Gills
C) Stem
D) Cap
  • 15. What feature distinguishes boletes from many other mushrooms?
A) Pores instead of gills
B) A bright red cap
C) A strong odor
D) A slimy texture
  • 16. Which chemical can be used to help identify some mushroom species?
A) Sulfuric acid
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Vinegar
D) KOH (Potassium Hydroxide)
  • 17. What is the term for mushrooms growing in a circular pattern?
A) Mushroom cluster
B) Forest formation
C) Fairy ring
D) Witches' circle
  • 18. What is the function of rhizomorphs?
A) Transporting nutrients
B) Anchoring the mushroom
C) Attracting insects
D) Protecting spores
  • 19. Which is a key indicator of deadly poisonous mushrooms?
A) Growing in groups
B) Volva and annulus
C) Pleasant smell
D) Bright colors
  • 20. What is the 'context' of a mushroom?
A) The flesh of the cap and stem
B) The surrounding environment
C) The spore print color
D) The mushroom's odor
  • 21. What is the primary role of fungi in an ecosystem?
A) Producing oxygen
B) Decomposition and nutrient cycling
C) Preventing soil erosion
D) Providing shelter for animals
  • 22. Which of these is a common type of gill attachment?
A) Free
B) Taped
C) Connected
D) Fused
  • 23. What is the importance of microscopic features in mushroom ID?
A) Indicate spore print color
B) Determine edibility
C) Determine cap size
D) Help to confirm species identity
  • 24. What is the hymenium?
A) The central core of the stem
B) The mycelial network
C) The spore-bearing layer
D) The outer layer of the cap
  • 25. What is a mushroom 'key' used for?
A) Growing mushrooms
B) Storing mushrooms
C) Cooking mushrooms
D) Identifying unknown species
  • 26. Which of these is a good field guide characteristic?
A) A list of poisonous mushrooms only
B) A short glossary
C) Recipes for mushroom dishes
D) Detailed descriptions and illustrations
  • 27. What is the function of cystidia?
A) Protective cells on the cap
B) Reproductive cells on the stem
C) Sterile cells on hymenium
D) Nutrient storage cells
  • 28. What is the best way to store mushrooms after collecting them for ID?
A) In a plastic bag
B) In a paper bag
C) In a sealed container
D) Submerged in water
  • 29. What does deliquescent gills mean?
A) Gills that are very fragile
B) Gills that are tightly packed together
C) Gills that dissolve into an inky fluid
D) Gills that change color when touched
  • 30. What is a sclerotium?
A) A poisonous compound found in some mushrooms
B) A hardened mass of mycelium
C) A type of mushroom stem
D) A type of spore
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