- 1. In 'The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined', renowned psychologist and author Steven Pinker presents a compelling and thorough analysis of the historical trends in violence throughout human history, arguing that, contrary to popular belief, the world has actually become a less violent place over time. Pinker meticulously examines various forms of violence, including war, homicide, and other societal conflicts, using a wealth of data and historical evidence to illustrate his thesis that humanity is capable of great empathy and cooperation, which he refers to as the 'better angels' of our nature. He explores the factors that have contributed to this decline in violence, such as the rise of centralized governments, commerce, and the spread of Enlightenment values that promote reason and human rights. Throughout the book, Pinker combines insights from psychology, sociology, and history, making a case for optimism about the future of humanity while also acknowledging the ongoing challenges and complexities of human behavior. His thought-provoking arguments challenge readers to reconsider deeply held views about human nature and the trajectory of societal progress, ultimately advocating for a hopeful vision of a more peaceful world.
What is the central thesis of 'The Better Angels of Our Nature'?
A) Violence is an inherent part of human nature
B) Technology has made violence more efficient
C) Modern society is more violent than ancient societies
D) Violence has declined over human history
- 2. What historical development does Pinker credit with reducing violence through the 'Civilizing Process'?
A) The invention of agriculture
B) The Industrial Revolution
C) The discovery of gunpowder
D) The rise of centralized states
- 3. What does Pinker call the period of relative peace among great powers since World War II?
A) The Long Peace
B) The Modern Peace
C) The Cold War
D) The Nuclear Peace
- 4. Which revolution does Pinker credit with reducing cruel punishments and slavery?
A) The Humanitarian Revolution
B) The Industrial Revolution
C) The Scientific Revolution
D) The Digital Revolution
- 5. What psychological concept does Pinker argue helps reduce violence by allowing us to understand others' suffering?
A) Tribalism
B) Self-interest
C) Rationality
D) Empathy
- 6. According to Pinker, what has made violence less appealing to modern societies?
A) Stronger military forces
B) Increased commerce and trade
C) Larger populations
D) Better weapons technology
- 7. Which historical figure's ideas does Pinker associate with the 'Humanitarian Revolution'?
A) Cesare Beccaria
B) Niccolò Machiavelli
C) Thomas Hobbes
D) Karl Marx
- 8. Which of Pinker's 'Better Angels' helps people resist impulsive violence?
A) Reason
B) Moral sense
C) Empathy
D) Self-control
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