Cybersecurity - Exam
  • 1. What does a firewall do in cybersecurity?
A) Monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic
B) Records music
C) Takes photographs
D) Measures temperature
  • 2. What is two-factor authentication in cybersecurity?
A) Verification method using two factors: something you know and something you have
B) Writing two passwords
C) Using two different keyboards
D) Typing really fast
  • 3. What is ransomware in cybersecurity?
A) Software for word processing
B) Software for data backup
C) Software for photo editing
D) Malware that encrypts files and demands payment for decryption
  • 4. What is a good password practice for cybersecurity?
A) Using strong, unique passwords for each account
B) Reusing the same password
C) Sharing passwords with friends
D) Writing passwords on sticky notes
  • 5. Why is regular software patching important for cybersecurity?
A) To change desktop backgrounds
B) To organize files
C) To fix security vulnerabilities and bugs
D) To enhance video streaming quality
  • 6. What is the purpose of SSL certificates in cybersecurity?
A) Repairing electronic devices
B) Sorting documents alphabetically
C) Creating music playlists
D) Secure online communication by encrypting data transmitted between a website and a user
  • 7. What is a vulnerability assessment in cybersecurity?
A) Planning vacations
B) Analyzing weather patterns
C) Finding job opportunities
D) Process of identifying security weaknesses in a system
  • 8. What is a zero-day vulnerability?
A) Countdown to launch new products
B) Technical support available 24/7
C) Security flaw that is unknown to the software vendor
D) Software that has zero bugs
  • 9. Which term is synonymous with computer security?
A) Biometric security
B) Network security
C) Cybersecurity
D) Physical security
  • 10. What does computer security primarily aim to protect against?
A) Hardware upgrades and software updates
B) User interface design flaws
C) Network speed optimization
D) Unauthorized information disclosure, theft, or damage
  • 11. What is an exploitable vulnerability?
A) A vulnerability that cannot be discovered
B) A vulnerability that enhances security
C) A vulnerability with at least one working attack or exploit
D) A vulnerability without any known exploits
  • 12. Who is most likely to be affected by untargeted cyberattacks?
A) Cybersecurity experts exclusively
B) Only large corporations
C) Government agencies only
D) Normal internet users
  • 13. Which type of MITM attack involves hijacking routing protocols?
A) WiFi SSID spoofing
B) Message spoofing
C) DNS spoofing
D) IP address spoofing
  • 14. When did multi-vector polymorphic attacks first surface?
A) 2017
B) 2020
C) 2005
D) 1999
  • 15. Which of the following is NOT a common method used in phishing attacks?
A) Instant messaging
B) Text message
C) Phone call
D) Email spoofing
  • 16. What type of phishing attack uses personal or organization-specific details to appear trustworthy?
A) Generic phishing
B) Vertical escalation
C) Spear-phishing
D) Horizontal escalation
  • 17. What is often used as a starting point in privilege escalation attacks?
A) Exploiting side-channel vulnerabilities
B) Social engineering techniques, often phishing
C) Direct hacking of system hardware
D) Sending ransomware to large networks
  • 18. Which of the following is NOT a form of side-channel attack?
A) Phishing via text message
B) Analyzing residual effects on RAM cells
C) Exploiting electromagnetic radiation from devices
D) Leveraging hardware implementation faults
  • 19. Which type of privilege escalation involves gaining access to higher-level accounts?
A) Vertical escalation
B) Phishing
C) Spear-phishing
D) Horizontal escalation
  • 20. What is an example of tampering involving a physical attack?
A) Evil Maid attacks.
B) Cross-site scripting attacks.
C) Distributed denial-of-service attacks.
D) SQL injection attacks.
  • 21. What percentage of cyber security incidents involved internal actors according to the Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report 2020?
A) 30%
B) 10%
C) 70%
D) 50%
  • 22. Which step in managing information security culture involves setting clear targets and assembling a skilled team?
A) Operative planning
B) Strategic planning
C) Post-evaluation
D) Pre-evaluation
  • 23. How many sections does the UK government's National Cyber Security Centre divide secure cyber design principles into?
A) Five sections.
B) Ten sections.
C) Three sections.
D) Seven sections.
  • 24. What should be the severity of any successful attack on a secure system?
A) Unlimited access for attackers.
B) Minimal severity.
C) Maximum impact to test defenses.
D) Severe enough to cause major disruptions.
  • 25. Which of the following is a preventive measure in computer security?
A) Data analysis tools.
B) Word processing applications.
C) Graphic design software.
D) Firewalls.
  • 26. Which encryption standard is commonly used on USB dongles to enhance security?
A) Data Encryption Standard (DES)
B) RSA
C) Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
D) Triple DES
  • 27. What do Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs) integrate into devices to enhance security?
A) Cryptographic capabilities
B) Mobile-enabled access
C) Intrusion detection systems
D) Drive locks
  • 28. What is considered the most common hardware threat facing computer networks according to Network World?
A) Drive locks
B) Mobile-enabled access devices
C) Trusted Platform Modules
D) Infected USB dongles connected inside a firewall
  • 29. Which technology allows for hardware-based sandboxing of components in computers?
A) TPMs
B) Drive locks
C) USB dongles
D) IOMMUs
  • 30. Which feature of mobile phones enhances security by providing biometric validation?
A) Drive locks
B) TPMs
C) IOMMUs
D) Thumbprint readers
  • 31. Which certification is popular for secure operating systems?
A) ISO 9001
B) Common Criteria (CC)
C) Lean Manufacturing
D) Six Sigma
  • 32. Which security model uses a list of permissions associated with an object?
A) Role-based access control (RBAC)
B) Access control lists (ACLs)
C) Capability-based security
D) Mandatory access control (MAC)
  • 33. What can capability-based security be implemented at?
A) The language level
B) The hardware level
C) The network level
D) The user interface level
  • 34. Which open-source project is associated with capability-based security?
A) Java
B) C++
C) The E language
D) Python
  • 35. Who coined the term 'cyber hygiene'?
A) Bill Gates
B) Tim Berners-Lee
C) Steve Jobs
D) Vint Cerf
  • 36. Which company pushed out security fixes over the air in 2016?
A) ICV
B) Tesla
C) UPS
D) FedEx
  • 37. In the 2015 test, how far away were hackers able to remotely carjack a vehicle?
A) 20 miles away
B) 15 miles away
C) 10 miles away
D) 5 miles away
  • 38. What is a widely known digitally secure telecommunication device?
A) A landline telephone.
B) The SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card.
C) An analog radio.
D) A smartwatch.
  • 39. Which organization does the FBI work with to form a multi-agency task force?
A) National White Collar Crime Center (NW3C)
B) Department of Homeland Security
C) Federal Communications Commission
D) Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
  • 40. What percentage of security incidents is estimated to involve human error?
A) More than 90%
B) Exactly 100%
C) About 70%
D) Less than 50%
  • 41. What technology allows customers to perform online secure transactions using hand-held card readers?
A) Biometric authentication systems
B) Two-factor authentication via SMS
C) Chip Authentication Program
D) Virtual private networks (VPNs)
  • 42. Who created the first internet computer worm in 1988?
A) John McAfee
B) Adrian Lamo
C) Kevin Mitnick
D) Robert Tappan Morris
  • 43. Who organized the foundational session in computer security at the Spring Joint Computer Conference in April 1967?
A) Bob Thomas
B) Ray Tomlinson
C) Willis Ware
D) Markus Hess
  • 44. What percentage of organizations did not increase security training in 2015?
A) 80%
B) 62%
C) 50%
D) 75%
  • 45. Which website was breached by The Impact Team in July 2015?
A) Ashley Madison
B) Twitter
C) Facebook
D) LinkedIn
  • 46. Which vehicle system was used as an attack vector in simple security risks?
A) Bluetooth communication
B) Cruise control system
C) A malicious compact disc
D) Airbag deployment
  • 47. Which Ukrainian hacker was involved in the Target Corporation breach?
A) Rescator
B) Lazarus Group
C) Guccifer
D) NotPetya
  • 48. Which city in Mexico received the first e-Drivers' licenses using a smart card platform?
A) Mexico City
B) Puebla
C) Monterrey
D) Guadalajara
  • 49. Which agency monitors cyber threats in India?
A) National Cyber Security Agency
B) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
C) Indian Computer Emergency Response Team
D) CERT-In
  • 50. What was the name of one of the earliest computer worms created by Bob Thomas?
A) Reaper
B) Blaster
C) Creeper
D) Morris worm
  • 51. Which organization investigated 79 hacking incidents at energy companies in 2014?
A) The Computer Emergency Readiness Team
B) The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
C) The National Security Agency (NSA)
D) The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
  • 52. On what date did the US FDA release its recommendations for maintaining security in Internet-connected medical devices?
A) 1 January 2017
B) 28 December 2016
C) 30 June 2018
D) 15 November 2015
  • 53. When was the National Cyber Security Policy 2013 introduced in India?
A) 2020
B) 2013
C) 2008
D) 1999
  • 54. What was the response of Target and Home Depot to warnings about breaches?
A) Warnings were ignored
B) They upgraded their security software
C) They shut down their systems temporarily
D) They immediately fixed all vulnerabilities
  • 55. Who was an early example of a state-sponsored hacker?
A) Markus Hess
B) Clifford Stoll
C) An internet activist
D) A Ukrainian power grid operator
  • 56. Who is believed to have perpetrated the Office of Personnel Management hack?
A) Chinese hackers
B) North Korean hackers
C) Russian hackers
D) Iranian hackers
  • 57. What method did hackers use to gain access to Rome Laboratory's systems?
A) Phishing emails
B) Brute force attacks
C) SQL injection
D) Trojan horses
  • 58. What book recounts Markus Hess's hacking activities for the KGB?
A) Ghost in the Wires
B) Data and Goliath
C) Cybersecurity and Cyberwar: What Everyone Needs to Know
D) The Cuckoo's Egg
  • 59. Which attack involved spear-phising, destruction of files, and denial-of-service?
A) A ransomware attack on healthcare facilities
B) An attack on a social media platform
C) The 2015 Ukraine power grid hack
D) A bank data breach in 2021
  • 60. What technology is used by FedEx and UPS for tracking shipments?
A) GPS
B) Bluetooth
C) Barcodes
D) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
  • 61. Which type of equipment has been successfully attacked in hospitals?
A) Patient transport vehicles
B) In-hospital diagnostic equipment
C) Medical training simulators
D) Hospital cafeteria systems
  • 62. Which company started offering commercial access control systems and computer security software products in the late 1970s?
A) Microsoft
B) Apple
C) Netscape
D) IBM
  • 63. When was the United States Cyber Command created?
A) 2009
B) 2015
C) 2010
D) 2008
  • 64. What is cyber attribution?
A) Detecting and eliminating malware.
B) Encrypting data for secure transmission.
C) Logging user activity on a network.
D) Finding who perpetrated a cyberattack.
  • 65. What is the first key component of a computer security incident response plan?
A) Detection and analysis
B) Post incident activity
C) Preparation
D) Containment, eradication and recovery
  • 66. Who provided documents exposing NSA global surveillance in 2013?
A) Chelsea Manning
B) Edward Snowden
C) Julian Assange
D) Mark Zuckerberg
  • 67. Which Canadian organization is responsible for mitigating threats to Canada's critical infrastructure?
A) Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST)
B) European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA)
C) Council of Europe
D) Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre (CCIRC)
  • 68. What is digital hygiene analogous to?
A) Dietary habits
B) Personal hygiene
C) Physical fitness
D) Sleep patterns
  • 69. What is one of the main pillars of Canada's cyber security strategy?
A) Managing European network security.
B) Coordinating global CSIRTs.
C) Securing government systems.
D) Regulating international data protection laws.
  • 70. Which type of devices are becoming more common targets for cyberattacks due to their increasing number?
A) Smartphones and tablets
B) Desktop computers
C) Healthcare providers' networks
D) Home automation devices like the Nest thermostat
  • 71. Who wrote the Reaper program to destroy the Creeper worm?
A) Bob Thomas
B) Willis Ware
C) Ray Tomlinson
D) Markus Hess
  • 72. In what year did over a hundred intrusions occur at the Rome Laboratory?
A) 1994
B) 1988
C) 2010
D) 2000
  • 73. In what decade did computer security begin to expand beyond academia due to increased connectivity?
A) 1970s
B) 1980s
C) 1990s
D) 2000s
  • 74. What percentage of organizations reported a 'problematic shortage' of cybersecurity skills in 2016?
A) 50%
B) 46%
C) 28%
D) 35%
  • 75. What is one example of a large corporation that experienced a data breach involving clients' credit card details?
A) Nest
B) Sony Pictures
C) HBGary Federal
D) Home Depot
  • 76. What action did Avid Life Media CEO Noel Biderman take after the Ashley Madison breach?
A) He took legal action against The Impact Team
B) He resigned
C) He denied any wrongdoing
D) He increased security measures
  • 77. Which organization is part of the National Cyber Security Division of the United States Department of Homeland Security?
A) CERT/CC
B) US-CERT
C) NEI
D) NRC
  • 78. How many credit cards were stolen from Target Corporation in 2013?
A) 60 million
B) Roughly 40 million
C) 10 million
D) 25 million
  • 79. What technology are long-distance bus companies switching to?
A) Barter systems
B) Paper tickets
C) Manual ticket sales
D) E-ticketing transactions
  • 80. What was the primary target of the Stuxnet attack in 2010?
A) U.S. military systems
B) Iran's nuclear centrifuges
C) European power grids
D) Israeli government networks
  • 81. Which company was affected by a credit card details breach in early 2007?
A) TJX
B) Office of Personnel Management
C) Target Corporation
D) Home Depot
  • 82. Which technology enables shopping mall kiosks to issue on-the-spot credit cards?
A) Instant Issuance technology
B) Blockchain-based transactions
C) Contactless payment systems
D) QR code scanning
  • 83. Which coalition did Public Safety Canada partner with to launch the Cyber Security Cooperation Program?
A) European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA)
B) Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre (CCIRC)
C) Council of Europe
D) STOP.THINK.CONNECT
  • 84. Which of the following is NOT a method used in access authorization?
A) Passwords.
B) Biometric systems.
C) Port scanning.
D) Smart cards.
  • 85. What is a consequence of a simple power outage at an airport?
A) It has no significant impact
B) It can cause worldwide repercussions
C) It improves airport efficiency
D) It only affects the local area
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