Cybersecurity - Exam
  • 1. What does a firewall do in cybersecurity?
A) Records music
B) Takes photographs
C) Monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic
D) Measures temperature
  • 2. What is two-factor authentication in cybersecurity?
A) Typing really fast
B) Verification method using two factors: something you know and something you have
C) Using two different keyboards
D) Writing two passwords
  • 3. What is ransomware in cybersecurity?
A) Software for photo editing
B) Software for data backup
C) Malware that encrypts files and demands payment for decryption
D) Software for word processing
  • 4. What is a good password practice for cybersecurity?
A) Writing passwords on sticky notes
B) Reusing the same password
C) Sharing passwords with friends
D) Using strong, unique passwords for each account
  • 5. Why is regular software patching important for cybersecurity?
A) To enhance video streaming quality
B) To organize files
C) To change desktop backgrounds
D) To fix security vulnerabilities and bugs
  • 6. What is the purpose of SSL certificates in cybersecurity?
A) Repairing electronic devices
B) Sorting documents alphabetically
C) Creating music playlists
D) Secure online communication by encrypting data transmitted between a website and a user
  • 7. What is a vulnerability assessment in cybersecurity?
A) Finding job opportunities
B) Planning vacations
C) Analyzing weather patterns
D) Process of identifying security weaknesses in a system
  • 8. What is a zero-day vulnerability?
A) Software that has zero bugs
B) Security flaw that is unknown to the software vendor
C) Technical support available 24/7
D) Countdown to launch new products
  • 9. Which term is synonymous with computer security?
A) Cybersecurity
B) Network security
C) Biometric security
D) Physical security
  • 10. What does computer security primarily aim to protect against?
A) Hardware upgrades and software updates
B) User interface design flaws
C) Network speed optimization
D) Unauthorized information disclosure, theft, or damage
  • 11. What is an exploitable vulnerability?
A) A vulnerability that enhances security
B) A vulnerability without any known exploits
C) A vulnerability with at least one working attack or exploit
D) A vulnerability that cannot be discovered
  • 12. Who is most likely to be affected by untargeted cyberattacks?
A) Government agencies only
B) Normal internet users
C) Cybersecurity experts exclusively
D) Only large corporations
  • 13. Which type of MITM attack involves hijacking routing protocols?
A) DNS spoofing
B) IP address spoofing
C) WiFi SSID spoofing
D) Message spoofing
  • 14. When did multi-vector polymorphic attacks first surface?
A) 2020
B) 2005
C) 1999
D) 2017
  • 15. Which of the following is NOT a common method used in phishing attacks?
A) Email spoofing
B) Text message
C) Phone call
D) Instant messaging
  • 16. What type of phishing attack uses personal or organization-specific details to appear trustworthy?
A) Horizontal escalation
B) Spear-phishing
C) Vertical escalation
D) Generic phishing
  • 17. What is often used as a starting point in privilege escalation attacks?
A) Sending ransomware to large networks
B) Exploiting side-channel vulnerabilities
C) Social engineering techniques, often phishing
D) Direct hacking of system hardware
  • 18. Which of the following is NOT a form of side-channel attack?
A) Leveraging hardware implementation faults
B) Exploiting electromagnetic radiation from devices
C) Phishing via text message
D) Analyzing residual effects on RAM cells
  • 19. Which type of privilege escalation involves gaining access to higher-level accounts?
A) Phishing
B) Vertical escalation
C) Horizontal escalation
D) Spear-phishing
  • 20. What is an example of tampering involving a physical attack?
A) Evil Maid attacks.
B) Cross-site scripting attacks.
C) Distributed denial-of-service attacks.
D) SQL injection attacks.
  • 21. What percentage of cyber security incidents involved internal actors according to the Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report 2020?
A) 70%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 10%
  • 22. Which step in managing information security culture involves setting clear targets and assembling a skilled team?
A) Pre-evaluation
B) Post-evaluation
C) Operative planning
D) Strategic planning
  • 23. How many sections does the UK government's National Cyber Security Centre divide secure cyber design principles into?
A) Five sections.
B) Three sections.
C) Ten sections.
D) Seven sections.
  • 24. What should be the severity of any successful attack on a secure system?
A) Unlimited access for attackers.
B) Minimal severity.
C) Maximum impact to test defenses.
D) Severe enough to cause major disruptions.
  • 25. Which of the following is a preventive measure in computer security?
A) Word processing applications.
B) Graphic design software.
C) Firewalls.
D) Data analysis tools.
  • 26. Which encryption standard is commonly used on USB dongles to enhance security?
A) Triple DES
B) RSA
C) Data Encryption Standard (DES)
D) Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
  • 27. What do Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs) integrate into devices to enhance security?
A) Mobile-enabled access
B) Cryptographic capabilities
C) Drive locks
D) Intrusion detection systems
  • 28. What is considered the most common hardware threat facing computer networks according to Network World?
A) Infected USB dongles connected inside a firewall
B) Trusted Platform Modules
C) Mobile-enabled access devices
D) Drive locks
  • 29. Which technology allows for hardware-based sandboxing of components in computers?
A) USB dongles
B) TPMs
C) IOMMUs
D) Drive locks
  • 30. Which feature of mobile phones enhances security by providing biometric validation?
A) TPMs
B) Thumbprint readers
C) Drive locks
D) IOMMUs
  • 31. Which certification is popular for secure operating systems?
A) Common Criteria (CC)
B) ISO 9001
C) Lean Manufacturing
D) Six Sigma
  • 32. Which security model uses a list of permissions associated with an object?
A) Access control lists (ACLs)
B) Capability-based security
C) Role-based access control (RBAC)
D) Mandatory access control (MAC)
  • 33. What can capability-based security be implemented at?
A) The hardware level
B) The network level
C) The user interface level
D) The language level
  • 34. Which open-source project is associated with capability-based security?
A) The E language
B) Python
C) C++
D) Java
  • 35. Who coined the term 'cyber hygiene'?
A) Vint Cerf
B) Tim Berners-Lee
C) Bill Gates
D) Steve Jobs
  • 36. Which company pushed out security fixes over the air in 2016?
A) Tesla
B) UPS
C) FedEx
D) ICV
  • 37. In the 2015 test, how far away were hackers able to remotely carjack a vehicle?
A) 15 miles away
B) 20 miles away
C) 5 miles away
D) 10 miles away
  • 38. What is a widely known digitally secure telecommunication device?
A) A landline telephone.
B) The SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card.
C) An analog radio.
D) A smartwatch.
  • 39. Which organization does the FBI work with to form a multi-agency task force?
A) National White Collar Crime Center (NW3C)
B) Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
C) Federal Communications Commission
D) Department of Homeland Security
  • 40. What percentage of security incidents is estimated to involve human error?
A) More than 90%
B) Less than 50%
C) Exactly 100%
D) About 70%
  • 41. What technology allows customers to perform online secure transactions using hand-held card readers?
A) Biometric authentication systems
B) Virtual private networks (VPNs)
C) Chip Authentication Program
D) Two-factor authentication via SMS
  • 42. Who created the first internet computer worm in 1988?
A) Adrian Lamo
B) Robert Tappan Morris
C) Kevin Mitnick
D) John McAfee
  • 43. Who organized the foundational session in computer security at the Spring Joint Computer Conference in April 1967?
A) Bob Thomas
B) Ray Tomlinson
C) Markus Hess
D) Willis Ware
  • 44. What percentage of organizations did not increase security training in 2015?
A) 62%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 80%
  • 45. Which website was breached by The Impact Team in July 2015?
A) Facebook
B) Twitter
C) Ashley Madison
D) LinkedIn
  • 46. Which vehicle system was used as an attack vector in simple security risks?
A) Bluetooth communication
B) A malicious compact disc
C) Airbag deployment
D) Cruise control system
  • 47. Which Ukrainian hacker was involved in the Target Corporation breach?
A) NotPetya
B) Guccifer
C) Rescator
D) Lazarus Group
  • 48. Which city in Mexico received the first e-Drivers' licenses using a smart card platform?
A) Guadalajara
B) Monterrey
C) Mexico City
D) Puebla
  • 49. Which agency monitors cyber threats in India?
A) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
B) National Cyber Security Agency
C) CERT-In
D) Indian Computer Emergency Response Team
  • 50. What was the name of one of the earliest computer worms created by Bob Thomas?
A) Morris worm
B) Blaster
C) Creeper
D) Reaper
  • 51. Which organization investigated 79 hacking incidents at energy companies in 2014?
A) The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
B) The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
C) The Computer Emergency Readiness Team
D) The National Security Agency (NSA)
  • 52. On what date did the US FDA release its recommendations for maintaining security in Internet-connected medical devices?
A) 1 January 2017
B) 15 November 2015
C) 30 June 2018
D) 28 December 2016
  • 53. When was the National Cyber Security Policy 2013 introduced in India?
A) 2020
B) 1999
C) 2008
D) 2013
  • 54. What was the response of Target and Home Depot to warnings about breaches?
A) Warnings were ignored
B) They shut down their systems temporarily
C) They upgraded their security software
D) They immediately fixed all vulnerabilities
  • 55. Who was an early example of a state-sponsored hacker?
A) Markus Hess
B) A Ukrainian power grid operator
C) An internet activist
D) Clifford Stoll
  • 56. Who is believed to have perpetrated the Office of Personnel Management hack?
A) North Korean hackers
B) Chinese hackers
C) Russian hackers
D) Iranian hackers
  • 57. What method did hackers use to gain access to Rome Laboratory's systems?
A) SQL injection
B) Brute force attacks
C) Phishing emails
D) Trojan horses
  • 58. What book recounts Markus Hess's hacking activities for the KGB?
A) Cybersecurity and Cyberwar: What Everyone Needs to Know
B) Ghost in the Wires
C) The Cuckoo's Egg
D) Data and Goliath
  • 59. Which attack involved spear-phising, destruction of files, and denial-of-service?
A) A ransomware attack on healthcare facilities
B) A bank data breach in 2021
C) The 2015 Ukraine power grid hack
D) An attack on a social media platform
  • 60. What technology is used by FedEx and UPS for tracking shipments?
A) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
B) Bluetooth
C) GPS
D) Barcodes
  • 61. Which type of equipment has been successfully attacked in hospitals?
A) Medical training simulators
B) Patient transport vehicles
C) Hospital cafeteria systems
D) In-hospital diagnostic equipment
  • 62. Which company started offering commercial access control systems and computer security software products in the late 1970s?
A) Apple
B) IBM
C) Netscape
D) Microsoft
  • 63. When was the United States Cyber Command created?
A) 2009
B) 2008
C) 2015
D) 2010
  • 64. What is cyber attribution?
A) Logging user activity on a network.
B) Finding who perpetrated a cyberattack.
C) Encrypting data for secure transmission.
D) Detecting and eliminating malware.
  • 65. What is the first key component of a computer security incident response plan?
A) Containment, eradication and recovery
B) Preparation
C) Post incident activity
D) Detection and analysis
  • 66. Who provided documents exposing NSA global surveillance in 2013?
A) Chelsea Manning
B) Edward Snowden
C) Julian Assange
D) Mark Zuckerberg
  • 67. Which Canadian organization is responsible for mitigating threats to Canada's critical infrastructure?
A) European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA)
B) Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre (CCIRC)
C) Council of Europe
D) Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST)
  • 68. What is digital hygiene analogous to?
A) Physical fitness
B) Dietary habits
C) Personal hygiene
D) Sleep patterns
  • 69. What is one of the main pillars of Canada's cyber security strategy?
A) Securing government systems.
B) Coordinating global CSIRTs.
C) Managing European network security.
D) Regulating international data protection laws.
  • 70. Which type of devices are becoming more common targets for cyberattacks due to their increasing number?
A) Home automation devices like the Nest thermostat
B) Healthcare providers' networks
C) Desktop computers
D) Smartphones and tablets
  • 71. Who wrote the Reaper program to destroy the Creeper worm?
A) Willis Ware
B) Markus Hess
C) Ray Tomlinson
D) Bob Thomas
  • 72. In what year did over a hundred intrusions occur at the Rome Laboratory?
A) 2010
B) 1988
C) 1994
D) 2000
  • 73. In what decade did computer security begin to expand beyond academia due to increased connectivity?
A) 2000s
B) 1980s
C) 1970s
D) 1990s
  • 74. What percentage of organizations reported a 'problematic shortage' of cybersecurity skills in 2016?
A) 35%
B) 46%
C) 50%
D) 28%
  • 75. What is one example of a large corporation that experienced a data breach involving clients' credit card details?
A) Nest
B) Home Depot
C) HBGary Federal
D) Sony Pictures
  • 76. What action did Avid Life Media CEO Noel Biderman take after the Ashley Madison breach?
A) He increased security measures
B) He resigned
C) He took legal action against The Impact Team
D) He denied any wrongdoing
  • 77. Which organization is part of the National Cyber Security Division of the United States Department of Homeland Security?
A) NEI
B) CERT/CC
C) US-CERT
D) NRC
  • 78. How many credit cards were stolen from Target Corporation in 2013?
A) Roughly 40 million
B) 60 million
C) 25 million
D) 10 million
  • 79. What technology are long-distance bus companies switching to?
A) Manual ticket sales
B) E-ticketing transactions
C) Paper tickets
D) Barter systems
  • 80. What was the primary target of the Stuxnet attack in 2010?
A) Iran's nuclear centrifuges
B) U.S. military systems
C) European power grids
D) Israeli government networks
  • 81. Which company was affected by a credit card details breach in early 2007?
A) Target Corporation
B) Office of Personnel Management
C) TJX
D) Home Depot
  • 82. Which technology enables shopping mall kiosks to issue on-the-spot credit cards?
A) Instant Issuance technology
B) Contactless payment systems
C) QR code scanning
D) Blockchain-based transactions
  • 83. Which coalition did Public Safety Canada partner with to launch the Cyber Security Cooperation Program?
A) European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA)
B) STOP.THINK.CONNECT
C) Council of Europe
D) Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre (CCIRC)
  • 84. Which of the following is NOT a method used in access authorization?
A) Port scanning.
B) Biometric systems.
C) Passwords.
D) Smart cards.
  • 85. What is a consequence of a simple power outage at an airport?
A) It can cause worldwide repercussions
B) It has no significant impact
C) It improves airport efficiency
D) It only affects the local area
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