OLD: Acids/Bases/Changes

1. Which is a characteristic property of acids?

A) They turn blue litmus paper red.
B) They turn red litmus paper blue.
C) They do not react with metals.
D) They taste bitter.

2. Neutralization is a reaction between a(n)

A) acid and a base.
B) base and a salt.
C) salt and water.
D) acid and a metal.

3. The principle of conservation of mass is true

A) for no reactions at all.
B) only for reactions that take place in closed systems.
C) only for reactions that take place in open systems.
D) for reactions in both open and closed systems.

4. In terms of pH, explain what would happen if you mixed vinegar with a solution of ammonia?

A) the pH level of the folution would be less than 3
B) the pH level of the solution would be between 3 and 11
C) the pH level of the solution would be more than 12
D) the substances would not mix, and you could still take two different pH readings

5. Use the pH scale to compare an apple and a lemon.

A) The apple has a lower pH than the lemon.
B) The lemon has a lower pH than the apple.
C) The apple and lemon have the same pH level.
D) The lemon has a higher pH than the apple.

6. In chemical reactions, what does the principle of conservation of mass mean?

A) The total mass of the reactants if greater than the total mass of the products.
B) The total mass of the reactants is less than the total mass of the products.
C) Matter is not created or destroyed.
D) Matter is not changed.

7. When the candle was lit, a pool of liquid wax formed in the area around the wick, and then spilled over the side and solidified. What type of change is occurring in terns of the wax ONLY?!

A) Phase Change-chemical change
B) Phase Change-physical change
C) Endothermic reaction-physical change
D) Exothermic reaction-physical change

8. What type of reaction does the flame represent?

A) endothermic reaction-chemical change
B) exothermic reaction-physical change
C) endothermic reaction-physical change
D) Exothermic reaction-chemical change

9. Which of these properties of an iron nail is a physical property?

A) rusts
B) does not burn when a flame is applied
C) reacts with hydrochloric acid to release hydrogen gas
D) has a long narrow shape with a smooth texture

10. Which of the following examples in nature represents a chemical change?

A) water freezing in a pond
B) a tree burning after a lightning strike
C) steam rising from pavement
D) a tree branch breaking

11. On a cold morning, Fawn awoke to find frost on her bedroom windows. Which type of process is the formation of frost?

A) physical change
B) color change
C) chemical change
D) electromagnetic change

12. In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is

A) greater than the total mass of the products.
B) less than the total mass of the products.
C) unrelated to the total mass of the products.
D) exactly equal to the total mass of the products.

13. The best evidence for a chemical reaction is

A) mass change.
B) precipitate.
C) shape change.
D) a change in color.

14. An acid is a substance that

A) turns red litmus paper blue.
B) has a pH above 7 and tastes bitter.
C) has a pH above 7 and tastes sour.
D) has pH lower than 7 and taste sour.

15. Pepsin is an enzyme found in the stomach that breaks down proteins. The pH in the stomach is about 2. Which statement best describes pepsin?

A) It is most effective in a slightly basic environment.
B) It is most effective in a highly basic environment.
C) It is most effective in a highly acidic environment.
D) Is it most effective in a slightly acidic environment.

16. Which of the following is a chemical property of a substance?

A) reactivity
B) conductivity
C) melting point
D) the ability to reflect light

17. Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

A) rusting
B) burning
C) corroding
D) melting

18. Which is an exothermic change?

A) ice melting
B) coal burning
C) frying an egg
D) water turning into steam

19. Which of the following is a chemical change

A) melting ice
B) boiling water
C) breaking a toothpick in half
D) toasting a marshmallow

20. Which of the following is formed when two elements combine chemically?

A) a compound
B) an electron
C) an atom
D) a mixture

21. A log burned and became a pile of ashes. The mass of the ashes was less than the mass of the log before it burned. What can you conclude based on the law of conservation of mass?

A) The chemical reaction destroyed matter.
B) Not all of the products and reactants could be measured because the chemical reaction took place in an open system.
C) The chemical reaction did not work as expected because it took place in a closed system.
D) The chemical reaction created matter.

22. When baking soda mixes with vinegar, the solution feels cool. This temperature change is an indication that

A) energy is being absorbed by the reaction.
B) matter is being released.
C) an exothermic reaction is occuring.
D) no reaction is taking place.

23. The circles and dots represent atoms of two different elements. Atoms touching each other are considered bonded to each other. Which box contains a mixture?

A) C
B) B
C) A
D) D

24. Which of the following is formed when two elements combine but no chemical bonds are broken or formed?

A) a compound
B) a mixture
C) an atom
D) an electron

25. Electron dot diagrams for sodium and chlorine are shown. How does sodium and chlorine bond together to make a stable compound?

A) Sodium gains seven electrons and chlorine loses seven electrons.
B) Sodium loses seven electrons and chlorine gains seven electrons.
C) Sodium gains one electron and chlorine loses on electron.
D) Sodium loses one electron and chlorine gains one electron.

26. Monica made snack for her friends by putting pretzels, peanuts, and raisins together in a bowl. Which statement describes Monica's snack?

A) It is a solution because the ingredients cannot be separated.
B) It is a mixture because each ingredient kept its original properties.
C) It is a new element because a chemical change took place.
D) It is a new chemical compound because a physical change took place.

27. Which substance would most neutralize an acidic food?

A) Baking Soda (pH 8-9)
B) Citrus Fruit (pH 2-3)
C) Dairy (pH 5-7)
D) Water (pH 6-7)

28. A teaspoon of dry coffee crystals dissolves when mixed in a cup of hot water. This process produces a coffee solution. The original crystals are classified as

A) a solvent.
B) a product.
C) a solute.
D) a reactant.

29. The table shows the pH and reaction of litmus of four body fluids. The data indicate that gastric juice is

A) negatively charged.
B) positively charged.
C) very basic.
D) very acidic.

30. The table shows pH values of some foods. A patient has chronic indigestion due to an overproduction of stomach acid. Which foods should the patient avoid until the condition is resolved?

A) cheddar cheese
B) green beans
C) apples
D) ham

31. Solutions and colloids are both similar in that both are

A) a suspension.
B) a solvent.
C) a solute.
D) a mixture.

32. A compound that changes color when it comes into contact with an acid or a base is a(n):

A) base
B) litmus paper
C) acid
D) indicator

33. True/False. This was the Unit 2 test and it was like the Study Guide in your notebook.

A) True
B) False

34. Is this situation showing a chemical or physical change?

A) Physical change because a precipitate formed..
B) Physical change because a new substance formed.
C) Chemical change because the mass stayed the same.
D) Chemical change because a precipitate formed.

35. True/False. The Law of Conservation is shown in this diagram.

A) True
B) False

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