How to build wickiups, longhouses, tipis, or brush shelters
  • 1. Which shelter is traditionally associated with nomadic Plains Indians?
A) Brush Shelter
B) Longhouse
C) Wickiup
D) Tipi
  • 2. What is the primary building material for a wickiup?
A) Flexible branches and brush
B) Large timbers
C) Snow blocks
D) Animal hides
  • 3. Longhouses are traditionally built by which group?
A) Inuit
B) Iroquois
C) Sioux
D) Apache
  • 4. What is the most crucial element for raising a tipi frame?
A) A tripod of poles
B) Interlocking branches
C) Stacked rocks
D) A central support pole
  • 5. Which shelter is the simplest and quickest to build?
A) Wickiup
B) Longhouse
C) Brush Shelter
D) Tipi
  • 6. What is typically used to cover a tipi frame?
A) Animal hides (historically buffalo)
B) Mud
C) Woven grass
D) Bark
  • 7. What is a key benefit of the longhouse's design?
A) Easy portability
B) Excellent insulation in extreme cold
C) Superior camouflage
D) Communal living space for multiple families
  • 8. What is the foundation style for a brush shelter?
A) Generally no foundation
B) Stone foundation
C) Dugout pit
D) Raised wooden platform
  • 9. What provides structural support for a wickiup?
A) A central pole and guy lines
B) Vertical logs
C) A dome-shaped frame of bent branches
D) Interlocking mud bricks
  • 10. What climate is the longhouse best suited for?
A) Arctic tundra
B) Tropical rainforest
C) Arid desert
D) Temperate forested regions
  • 11. What is the main disadvantage of a brush shelter?
A) Attracts predators
B) Difficult construction
C) Limited protection from the elements
D) Requires specialized tools
  • 12. How is the covering attached to a tipi frame?
A) Sewn together and pinned or tied
B) Interwoven with the poles
C) Held in place by gravity
D) Glued with natural adhesives
  • 13. Which shelter often included storage space within its structure?
A) Tipi
B) Longhouse
C) Brush Shelter
D) Wickiup
  • 14. What's a good location to build a brush shelter?
A) An area with readily available brush and branches
B) A rocky mountaintop
C) A swampy area
D) A clearing with plenty of sunlight
  • 15. What should you consider when selecting tipi poles?
A) Weight and texture
B) Color and flexibility
C) Straightness, length, and strength
D) Thickness and dryness
  • 16. What is a common way to weatherproof a wickiup?
A) Plastic wrap
B) Mud or clay daubing
C) Metal sheeting
D) Tar
  • 17. How are longhouses typically oriented?
A) According to the sun's path
B) North-South
C) East-West
D) Diagonal to prevailing winds
  • 18. What is the purpose of the smoke flaps on a tipi?
A) To attract rain
B) To control airflow and direct smoke out
C) To provide additional light
D) To reinforce the cover
  • 19. What tool would have been traditionally used for sewing a tipi cover?
A) Hammer
B) Saw
C) Awl
D) Pliers
  • 20. What's an important safety consideration when using a fire inside a tipi?
A) Having water nearby in case of fire
B) Proper ventilation to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning
C) Keeping the fire small and contained
D) Using only dry wood
  • 21. Why are longhouses built in a rectangular shape?
A) To withstand strong winds
B) Because it's easier to build
C) To maximize living space and accommodate multiple families
D) For aesthetic reasons
  • 22. How should you choose materials for a brush shelter?
A) Prioritize dry, non-poisonous materials
B) Use the thickest, heaviest branches possible
C) Choose materials with a strong odor to repel insects
D) Use only green, flexible branches
  • 23. What type of knot is helpful when securing tipi poles?
A) Bowline
B) Square knot
C) Figure eight knot
D) Clove hitch
  • 24. What is the purpose of the earth lodge construction technique used to build longhouses?
A) Reduces the risk of fire
B) Allows for easy disassembly
C) Creates a natural camouflage
D) Provides insulation and stability
  • 25. What is a possible hazard when building a wickiup?
A) Flooding
B) Sinkholes
C) Falling rocks
D) Sharp branches or thorny bushes
  • 26. What is a good way to improve the insulation of a brush shelter?
A) Line the walls with metal
B) Spray water on the walls to freeze them
C) Pile leaves and debris against the walls
D) Paint the walls black
  • 27. What is a windbreak?
A) A decorative addition to the tipi.
B) A structure to block or reduce the force of the wind.
C) A type of bedding used in the tipi.
D) A fire barrier used to prevent wildfires.
  • 28. The door of a tipi is typically oriented away from what?
A) Prevailing winds
B) Water source
C) Sunrise
D) The main camp
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