How to build wickiups, longhouses, tipis, or brush shelters
  • 1. Which shelter is traditionally associated with nomadic Plains Indians?
A) Wickiup
B) Longhouse
C) Brush Shelter
D) Tipi
  • 2. What is the primary building material for a wickiup?
A) Flexible branches and brush
B) Large timbers
C) Snow blocks
D) Animal hides
  • 3. Longhouses are traditionally built by which group?
A) Apache
B) Sioux
C) Inuit
D) Iroquois
  • 4. What is the most crucial element for raising a tipi frame?
A) A central support pole
B) A tripod of poles
C) Interlocking branches
D) Stacked rocks
  • 5. Which shelter is the simplest and quickest to build?
A) Brush Shelter
B) Tipi
C) Wickiup
D) Longhouse
  • 6. What is typically used to cover a tipi frame?
A) Mud
B) Animal hides (historically buffalo)
C) Woven grass
D) Bark
  • 7. What is a key benefit of the longhouse's design?
A) Communal living space for multiple families
B) Easy portability
C) Superior camouflage
D) Excellent insulation in extreme cold
  • 8. What is the foundation style for a brush shelter?
A) Stone foundation
B) Generally no foundation
C) Dugout pit
D) Raised wooden platform
  • 9. What provides structural support for a wickiup?
A) Interlocking mud bricks
B) Vertical logs
C) A dome-shaped frame of bent branches
D) A central pole and guy lines
  • 10. What climate is the longhouse best suited for?
A) Temperate forested regions
B) Tropical rainforest
C) Arctic tundra
D) Arid desert
  • 11. What is the main disadvantage of a brush shelter?
A) Difficult construction
B) Limited protection from the elements
C) Attracts predators
D) Requires specialized tools
  • 12. How is the covering attached to a tipi frame?
A) Interwoven with the poles
B) Held in place by gravity
C) Sewn together and pinned or tied
D) Glued with natural adhesives
  • 13. Which shelter often included storage space within its structure?
A) Tipi
B) Brush Shelter
C) Wickiup
D) Longhouse
  • 14. What's a good location to build a brush shelter?
A) A clearing with plenty of sunlight
B) An area with readily available brush and branches
C) A swampy area
D) A rocky mountaintop
  • 15. What should you consider when selecting tipi poles?
A) Thickness and dryness
B) Color and flexibility
C) Straightness, length, and strength
D) Weight and texture
  • 16. What is a common way to weatherproof a wickiup?
A) Tar
B) Metal sheeting
C) Plastic wrap
D) Mud or clay daubing
  • 17. How are longhouses typically oriented?
A) North-South
B) East-West
C) Diagonal to prevailing winds
D) According to the sun's path
  • 18. What is the purpose of the smoke flaps on a tipi?
A) To reinforce the cover
B) To attract rain
C) To control airflow and direct smoke out
D) To provide additional light
  • 19. What tool would have been traditionally used for sewing a tipi cover?
A) Pliers
B) Awl
C) Saw
D) Hammer
  • 20. What's an important safety consideration when using a fire inside a tipi?
A) Proper ventilation to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning
B) Using only dry wood
C) Having water nearby in case of fire
D) Keeping the fire small and contained
  • 21. Why are longhouses built in a rectangular shape?
A) To maximize living space and accommodate multiple families
B) To withstand strong winds
C) For aesthetic reasons
D) Because it's easier to build
  • 22. How should you choose materials for a brush shelter?
A) Use the thickest, heaviest branches possible
B) Prioritize dry, non-poisonous materials
C) Choose materials with a strong odor to repel insects
D) Use only green, flexible branches
  • 23. What type of knot is helpful when securing tipi poles?
A) Clove hitch
B) Figure eight knot
C) Bowline
D) Square knot
  • 24. What is the purpose of the earth lodge construction technique used to build longhouses?
A) Creates a natural camouflage
B) Reduces the risk of fire
C) Allows for easy disassembly
D) Provides insulation and stability
  • 25. What is a possible hazard when building a wickiup?
A) Sharp branches or thorny bushes
B) Flooding
C) Sinkholes
D) Falling rocks
  • 26. What is a good way to improve the insulation of a brush shelter?
A) Pile leaves and debris against the walls
B) Paint the walls black
C) Spray water on the walls to freeze them
D) Line the walls with metal
  • 27. What is a windbreak?
A) A type of bedding used in the tipi.
B) A structure to block or reduce the force of the wind.
C) A decorative addition to the tipi.
D) A fire barrier used to prevent wildfires.
  • 28. The door of a tipi is typically oriented away from what?
A) Prevailing winds
B) The main camp
C) Water source
D) Sunrise
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