 - 1. Which mountain range is located in the north of Azerbaijan?
A) Talysh Mountains
B) Greater Caucasus
C) Alborz Mountains
D) Lesser Caucasus
- 2. What is the length of Azerbaijan's border with Turkey?
A) 1,007 km
B) 480 km
C) 15 km
D) 390 km
- 3. What is the highest peak in Azerbaijan?
A) Mount Bazardüzü
B) Mount Ararat
C) Mount Shahdag
D) Mount Tufandag
- 4. Approximately what percentage of the country is covered by mountain ranges?
A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 10%
- 5. What is the lowest point in Azerbaijan?
A) Kura-Aras lowland
B) Caspian Sea
C) Lankaran lowland
D) Absheron Peninsula
- 6. How many of Earth's mud volcanoes are concentrated in Azerbaijan?
A) One quarter
B) Nearly half
C) Almost all
D) Ten percent
- 7. What is the name of the largest lake in Azerbaijan?
A) Lake Sevan
B) Lake Goygol
C) Lake Maralgol
D) Sarysu
- 8. Which is the longest river in Azerbaijan?
A) Kur
B) Samur
C) Qarqar
D) Aras
- 9. Where are most of Azerbaijan's islands located?
A) Absheron coast
B) Baku Archipelago
C) Lankaran coast
D) Samur delta
- 10. How many climate zones out of eleven are present in Azerbaijan?
A) Nine
B) Three
C) Seven
D) Five
- 11. Which region recorded both the absolute minimum and maximum temperatures?
A) Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
B) Absheron Peninsula
C) Greater Caucasus
D) Lankaran
- 12. Where does the maximum annual precipitation fall in Azerbaijan?
A) Baku
B) Ganja
C) Lankaran
D) Nakhchivan
- 13. What is the name of the natural gas fire that blazes on the Absheron Peninsula?
A) Gas Ridge
B) Yanar Dag
C) Fire Mountain
D) Baku Flame
- 14. Which pipeline revenue contributed to the acceleration of environmental protection after 2001?
A) Trans-Anatolian
B) South Caucasus
C) Nabucco
D) Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan
- 15. What percentage of Azerbaijan's territory is currently made up of protected areas?
A) Four percent
B) Eight percent
C) Two percent
D) Fifteen percent
- 16. Which political policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev preceded the civil unrest in the Soviet Union?
A) perestroika
B) solidarity
C) glasnost
D) détente
- 17. Which autonomous region of the Azerbaijan SSR was a site of ethnic strife?
A) Nagorno-Karabakh
B) Absheron
C) Nakhchivan
D) Talysh
- 18. What events in Baku resulted from calls for independence?
A) The Soviet Uprising
B) The Baku Coup
C) Black January
D) Red February
- 19. When did Azerbaijan adopt its Declaration of Independence?
A) 18 October 1991
B) 1 January 1992
C) 26 December 1991
D) 30 August 1990
- 20. How many United Nations Security Council resolutions demanded the withdrawal of Armenian forces?
A) Eight
B) Six
C) Four
D) Two
- 21. Who led the military insurrection that overthrew Abulfaz Elchibey in 1993?
A) Rovshan Javadov
B) Surat Huseynov
C) Heydar Aliyev
D) Ilham Aliyev
- 22. Who became President of Azerbaijan after the death of Heydar Aliyev in 2003?
A) Ilham Aliyev
B) Rovshan Javadov
C) Abulfaz Elchibey
D) Surat Huseynov
- 23. Which special police unit commander attempted a coup against Heydar Aliyev in 1995?
A) Surat Huseynov
B) Abulfaz Elchibey
C) Nikol Pashinyan
D) Rovshan Javadov
- 24. What major oil field has contributed to the improved economy of Azerbaijan?
A) Tengiz
B) Kashagan
C) Azeri–Chirag–Guneshli
D) Rumaila
- 25. When did the Republic of Artsakh dissolve and reintegrate into Azerbaijan?
A) 8 August 2025
B) 1 January 2024
C) 27 September 2020
D) 18 October 2023
- 26. Who facilitated the peace deal signed between Ilham Aliyev and Nikol Pashinyan in 2025?
A) The United Nations
B) The European Union
C) The Trump administration
D) The Russian government
- 27. What was the estimated total number of people killed in the First Nagorno-Karabakh war?
A) 30,000
B) 50,000
C) 10,000
D) 100,000
- 28. According to the 1970 census, how many ethnic Russians lived in Azerbaijan?
A) 300,000
B) 510,000
C) 800,000
D) 484,000
- 29. Which dynasty ruled the area after the Safavids?
A) Qajar
B) Afsharid
C) Zand
D) Ottoman
- 30. In what year did Nader Shah die, leading to instability?
A) 1747
B) 1780
C) 1828
D) 1804
- 31. Which war started after the Russians sacked the town of Ganja in 1804?
A) World War II
B) World War I
C) Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813
D) Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828
- 32. Which treaty ended the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813?
A) Treaty of Kars
B) Treaty of Gulistan
C) Treaty of Paris
D) Treaty of Turkmenchay
- 33. After the Treaty of Turkmenchay, what river became the border between Russia and Iran?
A) Euphrates River
B) Volga River
C) Kura River
D) Aras River
- 34. How long did the independent Azerbaijan Democratic Republic last?
A) 10 years
B) 48 months
C) 12 months
D) 23 months
- 35. In what year was the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic established?
A) 1918
B) 1921
C) 1920
D) 1942
- 36. Which treaty signed in 1921 involved Turkey, Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia?
A) Treaty of Turkmenchay
B) Treaty of Kars
C) Treaty of Versailles
D) Treaty of Gulistan
- 37. What was the name of the German military operation that targeted Baku during World War II?
A) Operation Edelweiss
B) Operation Sea Lion
C) Operation Bagration
D) Operation Barbarossa
- 38. How many times was Azerbaijani Major-General Azi Aslanov awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union?
A) Once
B) Three times
C) Never
D) Twice
- 39. Which political party declared the independence of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic?
A) Bolshevik party
B) Communist party
C) Musavat party
D) Dashnak party
- 40. The earliest human settlement in Azerbaijan is linked to which culture?
A) Scythian culture
B) Sasanian culture
C) Safavid culture
D) Guruchay culture
- 41. Which group arrived in the region during the 9th century BC?
A) Scythians
B) Oghuz Turks
C) Sallarids
D) Timurids
- 42. Which empire integrated the region around 550 BC?
A) Abbasid Caliphate
B) Achaemenid Empire
C) Ottoman Empire
D) Sasanian Empire
- 43. What religion spread in the region following the Achaemenid conquest?
A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Zoroastrianism
D) Islam
- 44. In what year did the Sasanian Empire make Caucasian Albania a vassal state?
A) 667
B) 1067
C) 252
D) 1501
- 45. Who adopted Christianity as the state religion of Caucasian Albania in the 4th century?
A) King Urnayr
B) King Juansher
C) Tahmasp I
D) Abbas I
- 46. Who held the majority of civil, religious, and military authority under Sasanian rule?
A) Sasanian marzban
B) Albanian king
C) Seljuk sultan
D) Byzantine emperor
- 47. Christian resistance led by King Juansher against the Umayyad Caliphate was suppressed in what year?
A) 667
B) 1538
C) 861
D) 252
- 48. Which dynasty was not mentioned as a local power during the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate?
A) Safavid
B) Shaddadids
C) Sajids
D) Sallarids
- 49. What group began seizing the territory at the beginning of the 11th century?
A) Achaemenids
B) Oghuz Turks
C) Scythians
D) Timurids
- 50. When did the Seljuk Empire enter the area?
A) 1501
B) 1067
C) 1578
D) 1722
- 51. Which poets gave rise to a blossoming of Persian literature under the Seljuks?
A) Tokhtamysh and Timur
B) Abbas I and Tahmasp I
C) King Urnayr and King Juansher
D) Nizami Ganjavi and Khaqani
- 52. Which empire was the Shirvanshahs a vassal state of during their war with the Golden Horde?
A) Timurid Empire
B) Sasanian Empire
C) Achaemenid Empire
D) Seljuk Empire
- 53. Which two rival Turkoman states emerged after the death of Timur?
A) Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu
B) Shirvanshahs and Safavids
C) Sallarids and Sajids
D) Sasanids and Byzantines
- 54. In what year did the Safavid dynasty subdue the Shirvanshahs?
A) 1538
B) 1501
C) 1578
D) 1722
- 55. What branch of Islam did the Safavids convert the population to?
A) Sunni Islam
B) Zoroastrianism
C) Christianity
D) Shia Islam
- 56. Which Safavid King completely deposed the Shirvanshahs in 1538?
A) Abbas I
B) King Urnayr
C) Tahmasp I
D) King Juansher
- 57. Who ousted the Ottomans from the region in the early 17th century?
A) Tokhtamysh
B) Tahmasp I
C) Abbas I
D) Timur
- 58. Which country borders Azerbaijan via the exclave of Nakhchivan?
A) Georgia
B) Dagestan
C) Russia
D) Turkey
- 59. Which civilization ruled the territory of Azerbaijan first?
A) Caucasian Albania
B) Soviet Union
C) Qajar Iran
D) Russian Empire
- 60. In what year did the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaim its independence?
A) 1828
B) 1918
C) 1991
D) 1920
- 61. What is the primary religion of the population of Azerbaijan?
A) Muslim
B) Buddhist
C) Christian
D) Hindu
- 62. What is Azerbaijan's rank on the Human Development Index?
A) 120th
B) 81st
C) 100th
D) 50th
- 63. What happened to the Republic of Artsakh in 2023?
A) It declared war on Russia
B) It merged with Georgia
C) It gained international recognition
D) It ended after an Azerbaijani offensive
- 64. How many countries does Azerbaijan have diplomatic relations with?
A) 182
B) 100
C) 38
D) 50
- 65. From which Persian satrap does the name Azerbaijan derive?
A) Diodorus Siculus
B) Atropates
C) Alexander the Great
D) Strabo
- 66. What is the meaning of the name Atropates?
A) Protected by the Holy Fire
B) Gift of the Sun
C) Guardian of the Mountains
D) Land of the Kings
- 67. Which ancient text mentions 'âterepâtahe ashaonô fravashîm ýazamaide'?
A) The Odyssey
B) Avesta's Frawardin Yasht
C) The Bible
D) The Shahnameh
- 68. Which ancient Greek historian mentioned the name Atropates?
A) Diodorus Siculus
B) Plato
C) Herodotus
D) Socrates
- 69. Which country protested the adoption of the name Azerbaijan in 1918?
A) Russia
B) Turkey
C) Armenia
D) Iran
- 70. How was the country's name spelled in Cyrillic script from 1940 to 1991?
A) Азербайджан
B) Атропатена
C) Азәрбајҹан
D) Азеристан
- 71. What was the Middle Persian evolution of the name Azerbaijan?
A) Azerbaydzhan
B) Arran
C) Atropatene
D) Āturpātākān
- 72. To which region was the name Azerbaijan exclusively applied until 1918?
A) Eastern Turkey
B) Northwestern Iran
C) Southern Russia
D) Central Asia
- 73. When was the first information on the flora and fauna of Azerbaijan collected?
A) 15th century
B) 19th century
C) 20th century
D) 17th century
- 74. How many species of mammals have been recorded in Azerbaijan?
A) 52
B) 97
C) 363
D) 106
- 75. Which species has the highest number recorded in Azerbaijan according to the text?
A) Reptiles
B) Birds
C) Fish
D) Mammals
- 76. What is the national animal of Azerbaijan?
A) Karabakh horse
B) Golden eagle
C) Caucasian leopard
D) Caspian seal
- 77. What is the current status of the Karabakh horse breed?
A) Endangered
B) Extinct
C) Domesticated for mass production
D) Thriving and abundant
- 78. What percentage of the total species growing in the Caucasus can be found in Azerbaijan?
A) 82%
B) 66%
C) 45%
D) 14%
- 79. What was Azerbaijan's 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score?
A) 5.55/10
B) 7.55/10
C) 6.55/10
D) 8.55/10
- 80. What was the global rank of Azerbaijan in the 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index?
A) 50th
B) 172nd
C) 100th
D) 72nd
- 81. Approximately what percentage of the total land area in Azerbaijan is covered by forest?
A) 33%
B) 14%
C) 66%
D) 5%
- 82. In 2020, how many hectares of forest were planted?
A) 1,131,770 ha
B) 944,740 ha
C) 826,200 ha
D) 305,570 ha
- 83. What percentage of naturally regenerating forest in Azerbaijan was reported to be primary forest?
A) 10%
B) 100%
C) 33%
D) 0%
- 84. What percentage of the forest area was found within protected areas in 2020?
A) 33%
B) 0%
C) 66%
D) 14%
- 85. What was the ownership status of forest area in Azerbaijan in 2015?
A) Majority private ownership
B) 100% private ownership
C) 50% public and 50% private
D) 100% public ownership
- 86. When was the constitution of Azerbaijan adopted?
A) 16 June 1999
B) 12 November 1995
C) 1 January 1993
D) 10 April 1997
- 87. How many deputies are in the Milli Majlis?
A) 85
B) 150
C) 100
D) 125
- 88. What is the term length for an elected member of the Milli Majlis?
A) Four years
B) Six years
C) Seven years
D) Five years
- 89. How many votes does the parliament need to override a presidential veto?
A) 125 votes
B) 95 votes
C) 80 votes
D) 63 votes
- 90. What is the term length for the president of Azerbaijan?
A) Seven years
B) Four years
C) Ten years
D) Five years
- 91. Which of these is NOT a branch of power in Azerbaijan?
A) Legislative
B) Military
C) Judicial
D) Executive
- 92. Who nominates the judges in the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, and Economic Court?
A) The prime minister
B) The president
C) The National Assembly
D) The Cabinet of Ministers
- 93. Does the president have the right to dissolve the National Assembly?
A) No
B) Yes, during national emergencies
C) Yes, at any time
D) Yes, with parliamentary approval
- 94. How many cities are under the direct authority of the republic?
A) 11
B) 66
C) 38
D) 14
- 95. Which country recognized Azerbaijan on 6 November 1996?
A) Turkey
B) Bahrain
C) Pakistan
D) Germany
- 96. With how many countries does Azerbaijan have diplomatic relations?
A) 158
B) 11
C) 38
D) 66
- 97. How many international organizations is Azerbaijan a member of?
A) 158
B) 38
C) 11
D) 14
- 98. In which organization does Azerbaijan hold observer status?
A) United Nations
B) NATO
C) European Union
D) Non-Aligned Movement
- 99. In what year was Azerbaijan first elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council?
A) 2021
B) 2006
C) 2001
D) 2011
- 100. How many countries supported Azerbaijan's election to the UN Security Council in 2011?
A) 38
B) 158
C) 155
D) 14
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