- 1. Which of the following is NOT one of the common criteria used to define abnormal behavior?
A) Disorientation
B) Dysfunction
C) Distress
D) Deviance
- 2. Jose refuses to wear any clothing because he believes clothes are evil, even when walking in public. Which among the hallmarks of abnormal behavior is met?
A) None, Jose is completely normal
B) Distress
C) Dysfunction
D) Deviance
- 3. Which of the following situations best illustrates distress as a criterion of abnormal behavior?
A) Tom often talks to himself, believing unseen people are responding to him.
B) Carla continues to harm herself because it calms herself when she feels stressed
C) Liza feels intense sadness and hopelessness every day without knowing why.
D) Ramon has stopped going to work because of severe panic attacks.
- 4. A 25-year-old woman with no previous history of anxiety began experiencing panic attacks shortly after being involved in a minor car accident. Which of the following best represents the precipitating factor in her case?
A) The recent car accident that triggered her first panic attack
B) Her supportive family who encourages her to seek therapy
C) Her tendency to worry excessively since childhood
D) Her ongoing avoidance of driving since the incident
- 5. According to the Diathesis-Stress Model, which situation best explains how psychological disorders develop?
A) A person develops anxiety because their parents also have anxiety disorders.
B) A person develops schizophrenia solely because of exposure to extreme stress.
C) A person recovers from trauma due to strong social support and effective coping strategies, with less exposure to perpetuating factors.
D) A person inherits a genetic vulnerability to depression, which becomes active after losing a loved one.
- 6. Which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with depressive disorders when its levels are abnormally low?
A) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Acetylcholine
- 7. Overactivity of which neurotransmitter system has been most strongly linked to schizophrenia?
A) Dopamine
B) Norepinephrine
C) GABA
D) Serotonin
- 8. Jona developed a fear of dogs after being bitten by one as a child. Every time he sees a dog, he immediately shouts out of extreme fear. This explanation is most consistent with which psychological perspective?
A) Psychodynamic
B) Humanistic
C) Behavioral
D) Cognitive
- 9. After repeatedly failing her math exams despite studying hard, Carla eventually stops trying to review because she believes that nothing she does will change the outcome. This situation best illustrates which psychological concept?
A) Observational learning
B) Symbolic loss
C) Social learning theory
D) Learned helplessness
- 10. People with depression are commonly believed to have which type of attributional style?
A) Internal, stable, and global
B) Internal, unstable, and specific
C) External, stable, and global
D) External, unstable, and specific
- 11. Rica failed one exam and immediately believes she will fail all her subjects and never graduate. This explanation of abnormal behavior is most consistent with which psychological perspective?
A) Cognitive
B) Psychodynamic
C) Humanistic
D) Behavioral
- 12. Marvin often experiences intense anxiety but cannot identify the reason. A psychologist suggests that his anxiety may come from unconscious conflicts between his id and superego that developed during childhood. This explanation is most consistent with which psychological perspective?
A) Cognitive
B) Behavioral
C) Humanistic
D) Psychodynamic
- 13. While walking home at night, Mara suddenly sees a large dog running toward her and feels her heart race as she freezes in place. Which of the following best describes Mara’s emotional response?
A) Mara is just overacting
B) Anxiety
C) Fear
D) Excessive worry
- 14. Maria, a 25-year-old woman, experiences intense fear whenever she needs to travel alone or be in crowded places such as malls or public transportation. She worries that if she suddenly feels dizzy or panicky, there will be no one to help her or no easy way to escape. Because of this, she has stopped going to school and avoids leaving her house altogether. Which of the following best describes Maria’s condition?
A) Agoraphobia
B) Panic Disorder
C) Specific Phobia
D) Social Anxiety Disorder
- 15. Liza, 30, female accountant, has been feeling constantly tense and worried for the past six months. She often finds herself thinking about potential problems at work, her family’s safety, and finances. She experiences muscle tension, irritability, and difficulty sleeping because of her persistent worries. Despite her efforts, she cannot control her anxiety and it has started to affect her job performance. Which of the following best describes Liza’s condition?
A) Panic Disorder
B) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
C) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
D) It is just normal to feel excessively worried when you are an accountant.
- 16. Miguel, a 5-year-old boy, was placed in multiple foster homes since infancy and has experienced severe neglect. At school, he rarely shows affection, avoids eye contact, and does not seek comfort from teachers or caregivers even when he is hurt or upset. His behavior remains emotionally withdrawn despite being in a supportive environment for months. Which of the following best describes Miguel’s condition?
A) Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
B) Reactive Attachment Disorder
C) Social Anxiety Disorder
D) Autism Spectrum Disorder
- 17. Which of the following is NOT one of the diagnostic criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
A) Alterations in arousal and reactivity
B) Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma
C) Intrusions such as nightmares
D) Manic episodes lasting for at least 4 days
- 18. Which of the following best distinguishes Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
A) The duration of symptoms following the traumatic event
B) The presence of intrusive memories and avoidance behaviors
C) The intensity of emotional distress experienced
D) The type of traumatic event experienced
- 19. “Imagined ugliness,” or an excessive preoccupation with a perceived flaw in physical appearance that is either minor or not observable to others, is a condition related to which disorder?
A) Body Dysmorphic Disorder
B) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
C) Illness Anxiety Disorder
D) Somatic Symptom Disorder
- 20. Carla, a 26-year-old woman, spends several hours each day repeatedly washing her hands because she fears she might get contaminated by germs. She recognizes that her fears are excessive but feels intense anxiety whenever she tries to stop the behavior. Which of the following best describes Carla’s condition?
A) Panic Disorder
B) Illness Anxiety Disorder
C) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
D) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- 21. Conversion Disorder is also known as:
A) Hypochondriasis
B) Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder
C) Munchausen by proxy
D) Somatization
- 22. Which of the following best characterizes Illness Anxiety Disorder?
A) Physical symptoms that are inconsistent with medical findings, such as paralysis or blindness
B) Preoccupation with acquiring a serious illness despite few or no somatic symptoms
C) Complaints of multiple unexplained physical symptoms causing significant distress
D) Intentional production of symptoms for external gain
- 23. Angela, a 29-year-old woman, seeks therapy after her friends tell her she sometimes speaks and dresses differently and claims to be “someone else.” She reports finding items she doesn’t remember buying and losing track of time for hours. Which of the following best describes Angela’s condition?
A) Angela is just probably acting because she wants to become a celebrity
B) Dissociative Identity Disorder
C) Borderline Personality Disorder
D) Schizophrenia
- 24. A woman suddenly leaves her home and travels to another city after a stressful divorce. Weeks later, she cannot recall her identity or how she got there. Which type of Dissociative Amnesia best fits this case?
A) Localized amnesia
B) Generalized amnesia
C) Dissociative fugue
D) Selective amnesia
- 25. Which of the following best differentiates Depersonalization from Derealization?
A) Depersonalization involves detachment from oneself, while Derealization involves feeling that the environment or world is unreal.
B) No difference, these terms are just the same.
C) Both terms refer to memory loss and identity confusion.
D) Depersonalization is the feeling that one’s surroundings are unreal, while Derealization is feeling detached from oneself.
- 26. Kevin, a 10-year-old boy, frequently has intense temper outbursts that are grossly out of proportion to the situation. These outbursts occur almost every day at home and in school. Between outbursts, he remains irritable and angry most of the time for the past year. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Explosive Personality Disorder
B) Bipolar 1
C) Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
D) None, because it is normal to have excessive temper outbursts at this age.
- 27. For a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder, the symptoms must last for at least:
A) 1 month
B) It depends on the severity
C) 1 weeks
D) 2 weeks
- 28. For the past three years, Leo has experienced numerous periods of mild depressive symptoms and brief episodes of elevated mood that never meet the criteria for hypomania or major depression. He describes his mood as constantly shifting up and down, though never to extremes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Cyclothymic Disorder
B) Bipolar I Disorder
C) None, maybe Leo just hasn’t had a romantic partner for a long time already.
D) Bipolar II Disorder
- 29. Carla, a 28-year-old woman, reports periods of feeling very energetic and productive where she sleeps only a few hours a night, talks rapidly, and feels unusually confident. However, these periods never cause serious impairment or hospitalization. She also experiences episodes of deep sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest lasting for weeks. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Bipolar II Disorder
B) Cyclothymic Disorder
C) Persistent Depressive Disorder
D) Bipolar I Disorder
- 30. Liam, a 9-year-old boy, eats only a few specific foods because he dislikes the texture and smell of most meals. He has lost weight and shows nutritional deficiencies, but he does not express any fear of gaining weight or concern about his body shape. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) ARFID
B) Binge Eating Disorder
C) Anorexia Nervosa
D) Bulimia Nervosa
- 31. Which of the following best differentiates Bulimia Nervosa from Anorexia Nervosa, Purging Type?
A) There is no difference between the two; both have the same features.
B) Bulimia involves restriction only, while Anorexia involves binge eating.
C) Individuals with Bulimia are typically underweight, while those with Anorexia maintain normal weight.
D) Individuals with Bulimia maintain normal or near-normal weight, while those with Anorexia are significantly underweight.
- 32. Which of the following are recognized subtypes of Bulimia Nervosa?
A) Purging Type and Non-Purging Type
B) None
C) Compensatory Type and Non-Compensatory Type
D) Restricting Type and Binge-Eating/Purging Type
- 33. Carlo, a 26-year-old office worker, reports feeling excessively sleepy during the day despite getting at least 7–8 hours of sleep every night. He often falls asleep at work and during conversations. He denies having sudden muscle weakness. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Insomnia Disorder
B) Hypersomnolence Disorder
C) Narcolepsy with cataplexy
D) Sleep Apnea
- 34. Ana, a 42-year-old woman, complains of an uncomfortable tingling and crawling sensation in her legs, especially at night when she is resting. The discomfort improves when she moves her legs or walks around. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Restless legs syndrome
B) Sleep paralysis
C) Night panic syndrome
D) Narcolepsy specified on legs
- 35. Ryan, a 30-year-old man, reports that he consistently ejaculates within one minute of vaginal penetration, despite wanting to last longer. This has been happening for over six months and causes distress in his relationship. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Normal variation in sexual performance
B) Premature (Early) Ejaculation
C) Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
D) Erectile Disorder
- 36. Which of the following best distinguishes a paraphilia from a paraphilic disorder?
A) Paraphilia and paraphilic disorder are identical terms.
B) Paraphilia involves distress or harm, while paraphilic disorder does not.
C) Paraphilic disorder refers only to interests in objects or body parts.
D) Paraphilia is a sexual interest, while paraphilic disorder involves distress, impairment, or harm to others.
- 37. Which of the following is NOT classified as a paraphilic disorder under DSM-5?
A) Transvestic Disorder
B) Fetishistic Disorder
C) Voyeuristic Disorder
D) Gender Dysphoria
- 38. For a diagnosis of Gambling Disorder, symptoms must be present for at least how long?
A) 24 months
B) 12 months
C) 6 months
D) 3 months
- 39. Intermittent Explosive Disorder is usually characterized by:
A) Persistent rule violations
B) Sudden aggressive outbursts
C) Chronic irritability
D) Defiance toward authority
- 40. Marco, an 8-year-old boy, often fidgets in his seat, talks excessively in class, and struggles to finish assignments because he gets easily distracted. His teacher reports that these behaviors have persisted for over six months and occur both at home and in school. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Conduct Disorder
B) Autism Spectrum Disorder
C) ADHD
D) Oppositional Defiant Disorder
- 41. Autism Spectrum Disorder is mainly characterized by:
A) Sudden mood changes and aggression
B) Social communication deficits and restricted/repetitive behaviors
C) Disorganized thoughts and delusions
D) Inattention and hyperactivity
- 42. Which of the following is NOT part of Cluster A Personality Disorders?
A) Histrionic
B) Paranoid
C) Schizoid
D) Schizotypal
- 43. Andrea often exaggerates her achievements, demands admiration, and becomes angry when others do not recognize her “superiority.” She lacks empathy and tends to exploit others for her personal gain. What personality disorder best fits Andrea’s behavior?
A) Histrionic Personality Disorder
B) Borderline Personality Disorder
C) Antisocial Personality Disorder
D) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- 44. Maria suddenly began hearing voices and believing that strangers were plotting against her. These symptoms lasted for two weeks and then completely disappeared without recurrence. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Schizoaffective Disorder
B) Brief Psychotic Disorder
C) Delusional Disorder
D) Schizophrenia
- 45. Delusional Disorder is characterized by the presence of one or more delusions lasting for at least:
A) 1 week
B) 1 month
C) 2 weeks
D) 6 months
- 46. REBT primarily aims to:
A) Challenge irrational beliefs that lead to negative emotions and behaviors
B) Use free association to explore repressed feelings
C) Uncover unconscious conflicts from childhood
D) Focus on improving social relationships only
- 47. Lara, a 24-year-old woman, often feels empty, fears being abandoned, and engages in impulsive self-harming behaviors after intense emotional outbursts. Her therapist uses mindfulness, distress tolerance, and emotion regulation techniques. What therapy is proven to be most effective for her condition?
A) Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
B) Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
C) Exposure Therapy
D) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- 48. EMDR is primarily used for the treatment of:
A) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
B) Schizophrenia
C) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
D) Panic Disorder
- 49. Dr. Liam is treating a client with a severe fear of heights. He first teaches her deep breathing and muscle relaxation techniques. Then, he asks her to imagine standing on a low balcony, gradually progressing to higher places while staying relaxed throughout each step. This therapeutic approach is best known as:
A) Flooding
B) Exposure therapy
C) Systematic desensitization
D) Aversion therapy
- 50. Republic Act No. 11036 is also known as the:
A) Philippine Psychological Services Act
B) Philippine Mental Health Act
C) Philippine Association of the Philippines Act
D) Psychosocial Support and Wellness Act
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