Anarchism in China

Anarchism in China - Quiz

1. What is the literal translation of "Anarchism" (無政府主義) in Chinese?

A) The end of dynasty
B) The rule of the people
C) The chaotic society
D) The doctrine of no government

2. Which ancient Chinese philosophy is considered to have origins related to anarchistic attitudes?

A) Taoism
B) Mohism
C) Confucianism
D) Legalism

3. In which two countries did Chinese students primarily seek out anarchist doctrines in the early 20th century?

A) United States and Britain
B) Italy and Spain
C) Russia and Germany
D) Japan and France

4. What movement from Russia was a major influence on early Chinese anarchism?

A) Industrialization
B) Nihilism
C) Monarchism
D) Imperial expansion

5. What did the Chinese Assassination Corps promote as a tool for change?

A) Assassination
B) Democratic voting
C) Diplomatic negotiation
D) Economic boycotts

6. Which political organizations drained support from anarchists by the 1920s?

A) The Nationalist Party and the Communist Party
B) The Self-Strengthening movement and the monarchy
C) The Qing Dynasty and the Boxers
D) The Taoist Reformers and the Nihilists

7. How did early Chinese anarchists view a "true revolution"?

A) As an overthrow of traditional culture and social practices
B) As an expansion of military power
C) As a simple change of leadership
D) As a return to the Spring and Autumn period

8. Who were the Taoist sages credited with developing the philosophy of "non-rule"?

A) Confucius and Mencius
B) Sun Yat-sen and Liang Qichao
C) Lao Tzu and Zhuang Zhou
D) Empress Dowager Cixi and Guangxu

9. What was the initial, inaccurate phonetic translation used for "anarchist" in Chinese newspapers?

A) The Great Tide Party
B) The Nihilist Party
C) Ya-Na-Ji-Si-De Party
D) The Sovereignty Party

10. Which 1902 book is generally considered the first systematic introduction to anarchism in China?

A) The Tao Te Ching
B) The Great Tide in Russia
C) A History of Socialism
D) The Qing Yi Bao

11. What event led to the defeat of the Hundred Days' Reform?

A) The Opium Wars
B) The Boxer Rebellion
C) The First Sino-Japanese War
D) A coup d'état by Empress Dowager Cixi

12. Why did Chinese dissidents flee abroad in the late 19th century?

A) To learn how to modernize the military
B) To seek employment with foreign governments
C) To freely spread revolutionary ideas outside Qing authority
D) To escape the famine in China

13. What was a key focus of the Work-Study Programs organized by the Paris-based anarchist group?

A) Promoting religious conversion
B) Translating ancient Taoist texts
C) Training soldiers for revolution
D) Bringing students to France

14. What did Liang Qichao report in the Qing Yi Bao in 1901 regarding Leon Czolgosz?

A) He called him a member of the Anarchist Party
B) He labeled him a foreign criminal
C) He praised his political vision
D) He claimed he was a nihilist agent

15. In what year did anarchism emerge as a distinct, formal political current in China?

A) 1900
B) 1906
C) 1903
D) 1910

16. Which city served as a hub for the early Chinese anarchist movement alongside Paris?

A) Beijing
B) London
C) Tokyo
D) Shanghai

17. Who was the French anarchist geographer that influenced Li Shizeng?

A) William Godwin
B) Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
C) Peter Kropotkin
D) Élisée Reclus

18. What was the name of the first Chinese anarchist organization founded in 1906?

A) World Society
B) New Century Society
C) Revolutionary Alliance
D) People's Militia League

19. What newspaper did Wu Zhihui publish in that led to him fleeing China in 1903?

A) Xin Shiji
B) The People's Journal
C) Su Bao
D) New Year's Dream

20. What was the name of the weekly periodical started by the Paris group in 1907?

A) Su Bao
B) Xin Shiji
C) World Society Journal
D) New Year's Dream

21. What did Li Shizeng suggest would replace a standing army to defend the country?

A) Diplomatic treaties
B) A centralized bureaucracy
C) A people's militia
D) Confucian morality

22. What type of business did the Paris group set up to help Chinese students study abroad?

A) A translation school
B) A soy products factory
C) A tea import company
D) A printing press

23. Which of these thinkers' works were translated in the Xin Shiji journal?

A) Confucius
B) Karl Marx
C) Sun Yat-sen
D) Peter Kropotkin

24. Why did the journal Xin Shiji cease publication after three years?

A) Government censorship
B) Financial constraints
C) Disagreements among editors
D) Lack of reader interest

25. What did the Paris group view as the most important activity for revolutionaries?

A) Education
B) Fundraising
C) Assassination
D) Military training

26. In what year did Liu Shipei and He Zhen marry and move to Shanghai?

A) 1905
B) 1907
C) 1908
D) 1903

27. Who oversaw He Zhen's education at the Patriotic Women's School?

A) Duanfang
B) Zhang Ji
C) Cai Yuanpei
D) Liu Shipei

28. Who did the Tokyo anarchists consider the founding father of Chinese anarchism?

A) Laozi
B) Peter Kropotkin
C) Xu Xing
D) Leo Tolstoy

29. Which ancient philosopher's agriculturalist philosophy inspired the group's agrarian utopianism?

A) Laozi
B) Mencius
C) Confucius
D) Xu Xing

30. Which western writer's work on agrarianism and opposition to commercialism inspired the Tokyo group?

A) Karl Marx
B) Mikhail Bakunin
C) Peter Kropotkin
D) Leo Tolstoy

31. What journal was published by the Society for the Study of Socialism starting in 1907?

A) The Peasant
B) Natural Justice
C) National Essence
D) Balance

32. What was the name of the journal published by the Society in 1908 under the direction of Zhang Ji?

A) Women's Liberation
B) National Essence
C) Natural Justice
D) Balance

33. For whom were Liu Shipei and He Zhen revealed to be working as informers?

A) Cai Yuanpei
B) The Qing Emperor
C) Zhang Binglin
D) Duanfang

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