A) Sodium intake B) Hormone secretion C) Kidney filtration D) Thirst
A) Decreased osmolarity in extracellular fluid B) Increased production of perspiration C) Increased osmolarity in extracellular fluid D) Decreased activity of the supraoptic nucleus
A) Distal convoluted tubules B) Organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis C) Adrenal cortex D) Posterior pituitary
A) 2500 ml/day B) 100 ml/day C) 500 ml/day D) 1500 ml/day
A) Sensible fluid losses B) Primary fluid outputs C) Regulated renal outputs D) Insensible fluid losses
A) 800 ml B) 50 ml C) 400 ml D) 100 ml
A) Renin and angiotensin B) Vasopressin and aldosterone C) Insulin and glucagon D) Adrenaline and cortisol
A) Secretion is increased B) Secretion is suppressed C) Secretion remains constant D) Secretion is converted to renin
A) Posterior pituitary B) Hypothalamus C) Anterior pituitary D) Intermediate lobe
A) Inhibition of aquaporin expression B) Reabsorption of sodium and water C) Absorption of potassium only D) Excretion of sodium and water
A) Calcium B) Potassium C) Magnesium D) Chloride
A) Stimulates reabsorption of sodium ions B) Inhibits aquaporin channel expression C) Stimulates potassium reabsorption D) Stimulates excretion of sodium ions
A) Release of renin B) Decrease in osmolarity C) Release of ADH D) Release of aldosterone
A) ~3000 ml/day B) ~2500 ml/day C) ~1000 ml/day D) ~1500 ml/day
A) 100 ml B) 50 ml C) 150 ml D) 20 ml
A) Euvolemia B) Hypervolemia C) Hypovolemia D) Dehydration
A) 1 to 2 days B) 10 to 12 weeks C) A few days D) 4 to 6 weeks
A) Hypocalcemia B) Hyperkalemia C) Hyponatremia D) Hypernatremia
A) To regulate body temperature B) To excrete metabolic waste C) To maintain blood pressure D) To store electrolytes
A) Kidney or cardiovascular problems B) Profuse sweating C) Water intoxication D) Dehydration
A) Metabolic synthesis B) Expectoration C) Perspiration D) Respiration
A) Keep concentrations within healthy ranges B) Eliminate all electrolytes from the body C) Maximize electrolyte absorption D) Ignore electrolyte levels
A) Reducing metabolic waste B) Measuring blood pressure C) Treatment for dehydration D) Treatment for water intoxication |