Central processing unit - Quiz
Central processing unit
  • 1. What technological advancement replaced bulky vacuum tubes and relays in 1950s and 1960s CPUs?
A) Microprocessors
B) Transistors
C) Integrated circuits
D) Magnetic core memory
  • 2. In what year did IBM introduce the System/360 computer architecture?
A) 1960
B) 1955
C) 1965
D) 1964
  • 3. What concept did IBM use to allow different computers to run the same programs?
A) Instruction set
B) Assembly language
C) Operating system
D) Microprogram
  • 4. What was the main benefit of transistors over vacuum tubes regarding CPU speed?
A) Lower physical size
B) Short switching time
C) Simplified logic gates
D) Higher voltage tolerance
  • 5. Which company introduced the PDP-8 computer in 1965?
A) Digital Equipment Corporation
B) IBM
C) Cray Inc
D) Fujitsu Ltd
  • 6. What types of early high-performance designs appeared while discrete transistor CPUs were in use?
A) Quantum processors
B) SIMD vector processors
C) Multi-core processors
D) RISC processors
  • 7. What was a significant problem for electronic computers before the IBM System/360?
A) High power usage
B) Lack of memory
C) Fragile components
D) Incompatibility
  • 8. What was a key benefit of transistor-based CPUs in addition to speed?
A) Reduced programming complexity
B) Lower cost of production
C) Increased memory capacity
D) Lower power consumption
  • 9. Which modern series of computers continues the legacy of the IBM System/360?
A) IBM Power
B) IBM PC
C) IBM Blue Gene
D) IBM zSeries
  • 10. What was the typical CPU clock rate range achieved by transistor-based CPUs during this era?
A) Tens of megahertz
B) Tens of kilohertz
C) Tens of gigahertz
D) Hundreds of hertz
  • 11. What is another common name for a central processing unit?
A) Main processor
B) Memory controller
C) Peripheral controller
D) System bus
  • 12. What is the primary function of the arithmetic–logic unit (ALU)?
A) Managing I/O circuitry
B) Fetching data from external memory
C) Storing CPU modes
D) Performing arithmetic and logic operations
  • 13. Which component is responsible for orchestrating fetching, decoding, and execution of instructions?
A) Arithmetic–logic unit
B) Graphics processing unit
C) Control unit
D) Registers
  • 14. What are the earliest devices that could rightly be called CPUs associated with?
A) Fixed-program computers
B) Vacuum-tube relays
C) Discrete transistor mainframes
D) Stored-program computers
  • 15. What was the main drawback of the ENIAC computer?
A) It used the Harvard architecture
B) It lacked a control unit
C) It required physical rewiring for different tasks
D) It was too small to function efficiently
  • 16. Who distributed the paper entitled 'First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC'?
A) John von Neumann
B) John William Mauchly
C) Konrad Zuse
D) John Presper Eckert
  • 17. What is the key difference between the Harvard architecture and the von Neumann architecture?
A) Harvard architecture uses punched cards for all logic
B) Von Neumann is only used in embedded applications
C) Harvard separates storage for instructions and data
D) Harvard uses less power
  • 18. What were the primary switching elements used in early computers before transistors?
A) Logic gates and transistors
B) Microprocessors and ICs
C) Relays and vacuum tubes
D) Semiconductors and caches
  • 19. What were typical clock signal frequencies for early synchronous CPUs?
A) 1 kHz to 10 kHz
B) 100 kHz to 4 MHz
C) 10 MHz to 100 MHz
D) 1 GHz to 4 GHz
  • 20. What does a CPU's control unit direct to ensure coordinated operations?
A) ALU and registers
B) Peripheral interfaces
C) External main memory
D) Graphics processing units
  • 21. Which device is mentioned as an example of a Harvard-architecture processor?
A) ENIAC
B) Manchester Mark 1
C) Atmel AVR microcontroller
D) EDVAC
  • 22. What allowed CPUs to become increasingly complex and smaller over time?
A) The removal of registers
B) The integrated circuit
C) The use of relays
D) The abandonment of logic units
  • 23. What do modern CPUs devote semiconductor area to in order to increase performance?
A) Caches and instruction-level parallelism
B) Punched paper tape
C) Vacuum tube controllers
D) External storage
  • 24. What was the first experimental stored-program computer to run a program in June 1948?
A) ENIAC
B) EDVAC
C) Manchester Baby
D) Harvard Mark I
  • 25. What type of basic digital circuit was first miniaturized into ICs?
A) NOR gates
B) AND gates
C) NAND gates
D) XOR gates
  • 26. Which spacecraft project utilized SSI ICs in its guidance computer?
A) Gemini Spacecraft
B) Apollo Guidance Computer
C) Lunar Module 1
D) Voyager Mission
  • 27. Which IBM system was a follow-on to the System/360 that used SSI ICs?
A) System/390
B) System/350
C) System/380
D) System/370
  • 28. Which line of computers was originally built with SSI ICs before moving to LSI components?
A) PDP-8
B) PDP-7
C) PDP-10
D) PDP-11
  • 29. What did Lee Boysel describe how to build in his 1967 manifesto?
A) A graphics card
B) A portable laptop
C) A smartphone processor
D) A 32-bit mainframe computer
  • 30. How many gates are required for a chip to be classified as LSI?
A) Ten or fewer
B) Five hundred thousand
C) A hundred or more
D) Fifty
  • 31. Which company continued to build processors out of TTL chips until the early 1980s?
A) Intel
B) Fairchild
C) Datapoint
D) IBM
  • 32. Who developed silicon-gate MOS technology at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1968?
A) Robert Noyce
B) Gordon Moore
C) Federico Faggin
D) Lee Boysel
  • 33. When did MOS ICs replace bipolar TTL as the standard chip technology?
A) Early 1960s
B) Early 1970s
C) Late 1970s
D) Mid 1980s
  • 34. How many ICs were required to build a complete CPU by 1968?
A) 4
B) 24
C) 100
D) 1000
  • 35. How many MOSFETs were contained in each IC used in the 1968 CPU design?
A) 100
B) 10,000
C) Roughly 1000
D) 10
  • 36. What was the first commercially available microprocessor?
A) Intel 8080
B) Motorola 6800
C) Intel 4004
D) IBM 360
  • 37. In what year was the Intel 4004 released?
A) 1968
B) 1974
C) 1971
D) 1980
  • 38. What was the first widely used microprocessor?
A) Intel 8086
B) Intel 4004
C) Intel 8080
D) MOS 6502
  • 39. In what year was the Intel 8080 released?
A) 1974
B) 1977
C) 1971
D) 1982
  • 40. How are CPUs typically implemented today?
A) As discrete components
B) As vacuum tubes
C) As microprocessors
D) As numerous small ICs on circuit boards
  • 41. What is the term for multiple CPUs combined on a single chip?
A) Registers
B) Modules
C) Cores
D) Nodes
  • 42. Why do microprocessors have faster switching times than older CPU designs?
A) Decreased gate parasitic capacitance
B) Lower clock rates
C) Larger transistor size
D) Increased power consumption
  • 43. What law described the trend of increasing transistor complexity?
A) Newton's law
B) Von Neumann's law
C) Moore's law
D) Ohm's law
  • 44. Until what year was Moore's law considered a fairly accurate predictor?
A) 2016
B) 2020
C) 2000
D) 2010
  • 45. Which phenomenon is a concern due to extreme miniaturization?
A) Voltage drop
B) Electromigration
C) Magnetic interference
D) Thermal expansion
  • 46. What is another effect of extreme miniaturization mentioned in the text?
A) Data corruption
B) Overheating
C) Subthreshold leakage
D) Increased clock jitter
  • 47. What is the collective name for the fetch, decode, and execute steps?
A) The pipeline process
B) The instruction cycle
C) The bootstrap sequence
D) The memory map
  • 48. What normally determines the next instruction to be fetched?
A) The instruction decoder output
B) The cache memory index
C) The incremented value in the program counter
D) The previous instruction's result
  • 49. Which architecture is often used in microcontrollers?
A) Classic RISC pipeline
B) Dynamic neural networks
C) Quantum processing units
D) Analogue circuitry
  • 50. Where are flags often stored?
A) In the opcode
B) In the program counter
C) In a flags register
D) In the cache
  • 51. What is the primary function of the fetch step?
A) Executing arithmetic operations
B) Retrieving an instruction from program memory
C) Converting instructions into control signals
D) Updating the flags register
  • 52. What is the program counter called in Intel x86 microprocessors?
A) Memory controller
B) Opcode indexer
C) Address register
D) Instruction pointer
  • 53. What determines how an instruction is interpreted?
A) The program counter
B) The speed of the clock
C) The amount of available RAM
D) Instruction set architecture (ISA)
  • 54. Which field within an instruction indicates the operation to be performed?
A) The opcode
B) The program counter
C) The flag register
D) The immediate value
  • 55. What is a constant value provided as an operand called?
A) A binary decoder
B) An immediate value
C) A register address
D) A microprogram
  • 56. Which step follows fetch and decode in the CPU instruction cycle?
A) Execute
B) Initialization
C) Compilation
D) Storage
  • 57. What triggers the completion of an action during the execute step?
A) User input
B) Cache miss
C) Interrupt signal
D) Clock pulse
  • 58. What component is used to decode the opcode into control signals?
A) Arithmetic logic unit
B) Floating-point unit
C) Binary decoder
D) System bus
  • 59. What occurs when operands flow from source registers into the ALU?
A) Memory is cleared
B) The instruction is fetched
C) The sum appears at the output
D) The program branches
  • 60. What are the data words that the ALU operates on called?
A) Signals
B) Operands
C) Constants
D) Registers
  • 61. Which type of processors usually do not include an MMU?
A) Microcontrollers
B) Desktop computers
C) Smartphone processors
D) Server computers
  • 62. Which cache level is the fastest and closest to the CPU core?
A) L3
B) L1
C) L2
D) L4
  • 63. Which cache level acts as a common repository for the split L1 cache?
A) TLB
B) L1
C) L3
D) L2
  • 64. What kind of circuits are most CPUs?
A) Asynchronous circuits
B) Analog circuits
C) Synchronous circuits
D) Clockless circuits
  • 65. What is a disadvantage of a globally synchronous CPU design?
A) The CPU must wait on its slowest elements
B) It uses less energy
C) It is impossible to design
D) It requires no clock signal
  • 66. What problem arises when trying to keep a clock signal in phase in complex CPUs?
A) Electrical signal delays
B) Hardware incompatibility
C) Excessive memory usage
D) Operating system crashes
  • 67. Which gaming console is mentioned as using extensive clock gating in its CPU?
A) Xbox 360
B) Nintendo Wii
C) Sega Dreamcast
D) PlayStation 3
  • 68. Which of these is an example of an asynchronous CPU?
A) Pentium
B) AMULET
C) PowerPC
D) Intel Core
  • 69. What is the shape of the periodic wave generated by an oscillator?
A) Sawtooth wave
B) Square wave
C) Triangle wave
D) Sine wave
  • 70. What is the primary function of a die-integrated power managing module in modern CPUs?
A) Convert binary to decimal numerals
B) Increase total number of memory locations
C) Increase the word size of the CPU
D) Regulate on-demand voltage supply
  • 71. How many discrete integer values can an 8-bit CPU directly manipulate?
A) 32
B) 8
C) 64
D) 256
  • 72. How many cycles did the Motorola 68000 require to perform a 32-bit add?
A) Two cycles
B) Four cycles
C) Eight cycles
D) One cycle
  • 73. Which of the following is NOT a term for word size?
A) Data path width
B) Voltage width
C) Bit width
D) Integer size
  • 74. What is the typical IPC of a subscalar CPU?
A) Exactly one
B) Two
C) Less than one
D) Greater than one
  • 75. Which design technique rearranges instruction order to reduce delays from data dependencies?
A) Out-of-order execution
B) Branch prediction
C) Register renaming
D) Transactional memory
  • 76. Which Intel processor was integer superscalar but not floating-point superscalar?
A) P4
B) P6
C) P3
D) P5 Pentium
  • 77. What strategy moves ILP logic from hardware to software?
A) Out-of-order execution
B) Speculative execution
C) VLIW
D) Branch prediction
  • 78. In Flynn's taxonomy, what is the strategy of executing multiple threads or processes in parallel called?
A) SISD
B) MISD
C) MIMD
D) SIMD
  • 79. What does SMP stand for in the context of multiprocessing?
A) Synchronous multiprocessor
B) Shared memory processing
C) Symmetric multiprocessing
D) Systemic memory parallelism
  • 80. What mechanism do CPUs in SMP use to avoid stale views of memory?
A) Software patching
B) Additional hardware
C) External disk caching
D) Manual thread migration
  • 81. Which technology was introduced to increase the number of cooperating CPUs beyond a handful?
A) Manual bus synchronization
B) NUMA
C) Single-core expansion
D) Pipelined cache architecture
  • 82. What is the term for a multi-core processor where the processors and interconnect are on a single chip?
A) Chip-level multiprocessing
B) Direct memory access
C) Instruction stream migration
D) Discrete board architecture
  • 83. Which technology was introduced in the 1970s to run multiple computation threads in parallel?
A) Direct memory access
B) Superscalar execution
C) Symmetric multiprocessing
D) Multi-threading
  • 84. How many cores does the PlayStation 3's Cell microprocessor have?
A) 7
B) 2
C) 4
D) 3
  • 85. According to Flynn's taxonomy, what is the classification for scalar processors?
A) SISD
B) MISD
C) MIMD
D) SIMD
  • 86. What type of applications are classic examples for vector processing tasks?
A) Word processing
B) Database indexing
C) Operating system kernels
D) Multimedia applications
  • 87. With which application area were early vector processors like the Cray-1 primarily associated?
A) Web browsing
B) Social media networking
C) Scientific research
D) Desktop publishing
  • 88. When did SIMD execution unit implementations start to appear in general-purpose processors?
A) Late 2000s
B) Early 1980s
C) Mid-1990s
D) Mid-1970s
  • 89. What was the main limitation of early SIMD specifications like Intel's MMX?
A) They lacked multimedia support
B) They were integer-only
C) They were incompatible with memory
D) They consumed too much power
  • 90. Which of these is a modern example of a SIMD specification?
A) Basic
B) MAX
C) SSE
D) MMX
  • 91. What is the alternative name for the PowerPC-related AltiVec SIMD specification?
A) VMX
B) MMX
C) MAX
D) SSE
  • 92. What tool does Linux provide to trace CPU events?
A) trace-cpu
B) core-monitor
C) hpc-tool
D) perf
  • 93. What is the result of grouping several physical machines managed as a whole?
A) A cluster
B) A host
C) A virtual server
D) A vCPU
  • 94. How is a virtual central processing unit abbreviated?
A) VPS
B) vCPU
C) V-Core
D) vC
  • 95. What is the practical performance gain of a dual-core processor compared to a single-core one?
A) Less than 10%
B) Exactly 100%
C) Nearly 200%
D) Approximately 50%
  • 96. Why is the performance gain not directly proportional to the number of added cores?
A) Physical space constraints on the integrated circuit
B) Modern software is optimized for single-core only
C) The memory hierarchy becomes unstable
D) Inter-core communication consumes processing speed
  • 97. What might security teams discover using hardware performance counters?
A) Low clock rate issues
B) Memory leaks in the kernel
C) Return-oriented programming exploits
D) Excessive cache latency
  • 98. What is the equivalent of a physical machine on which a virtual system operates?
A) A vCPU
B) A resource pool
C) A cluster
D) A host
  • 99. Where have problems occurred due to complicated processor designs?
A) Rated speed testing labs
B) Large cloud providers
C) Home office environments
D) Small component manufacturers
  • 100. Which of these can be overclocked in addition to a CPU?
A) Other components
B) Only the cloud software
C) Nothing else can be overclocked
D) Only the motherboard
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