COVID-19 vaccine - Quiz
COVID vaccine
  • 1. What was the primary goal of the initial SARS-CoV-2 vaccines?
A) Reducing mutation rates of the virus
B) Preventing symptomatic, often severe, illness
C) Eradicating the virus globally
D) Preventing all transmission
  • 2. Which of these vaccines is a single-dose vaccine?
A) Soberana
B) Janssen
C) Razi Cov Pars
D) Pfizer–BioNTech
  • 3. Which protein is the primary target for COVID-19 vaccines because it induces a strong immune response?
A) Spike protein
B) Envelope protein
C) Membrane protein
D) Nucleocapsid protein
  • 4. Why are nucleocapsid proteins being investigated for vaccine development?
A) They completely block viral entry
B) They are easier to manufacture
C) They induce a robust T-cell response
D) They have no genomic variability
  • 5. What is the purpose of the 2P mutation in some synthetic vaccines?
A) Locking the spike protein into its prefusion configuration
B) Creating a live attenuated virus
C) Preventing lipid degradation
D) Increasing the speed of mRNA production
  • 6. How is mRNA delivered into human cells in COVID-19 vaccines?
A) Injected directly into cell nuclei
B) Encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles
C) Attached to viral vectors
D) Mixed with attenuated live virus
  • 7. Which COVID-19 mRNA vaccine failed in clinical trials?
A) CVnCoV
B) Spikevax
C) Comirnaty
D) Mnexspike
  • 8. What component is most likely responsible for severe allergic reactions to mRNA vaccines?
A) The nucleoside modifications
B) The preservative agents
C) Lipid nanoparticles
D) The mRNA strands
  • 9. What is the brand name of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine version approved in May 2025?
A) Spikevax
B) Mnexspike
C) Comirnaty
D) Convidecia
  • 10. How many vaccine technology platforms were under research in July 2021?
A) Exactly three
B) At least nine
C) Twelve
D) Only two
  • 11. When did the first clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccines begin?
A) January 2021
B) December 2019
C) March 2020
D) August 2020
  • 12. Who received the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for mRNA vaccine development?
A) Pfizer and BioNTech
B) Moderna and Novavax
C) Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman
D) The World Health Organization
  • 13. What happens to vaccine-induced immunity over time?
A) It wanes
B) It becomes permanent
C) It increases
D) It disappears immediately
  • 14. Are COVID-19 vaccines considered safe for those who are breastfeeding?
A) No
B) Only after weaning
C) Yes
D) Only with medical supervision
  • 15. How many deaths were estimated to be prevented by the vaccine according to the Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health?
A) 5 to 10 million
B) 20 to 25 million
C) 1 to 3 million
D) 14.4 to 19.8 million
  • 16. Which of these is a common side effect of the vaccine?
A) Autoimmune disease
B) Permanent paralysis
C) Chronic organ failure
D) Myalgia
  • 17. How many vaccine doses had been administered worldwide as of August 2024?
A) Over 13 billion
B) Under 5 billion
C) Over 50 billion
D) Exactly 10 billion
  • 18. What previous research helped accelerate the development of COVID-19 vaccines?
A) Zika research
B) SARS and MERS research
C) Ebola research
D) Influenza research
  • 19. What is the purpose of variant-adapted vaccines?
A) To cure long COVID
B) To act as a treatment for infected individuals
C) To serve as booster doses
D) To replace initial vaccines entirely
  • 20. Which groups were typically prioritized in phased distribution plans?
A) The elderly and healthcare workers
B) Only government officials
C) Children and students
D) The wealthiest citizens
  • 21. Prior to COVID-19, how long did it typically take to produce a vaccine for an infectious disease?
A) A few months
B) Over two decades
C) Several years
D) Less than one year
  • 22. Which of the following animal coronaviruses has a vaccine available?
A) Feline coronavirus
B) Porcine circovirus
C) Equine influenza
D) Bovine rotavirus
  • 23. Prior to COVID-19, what was the status of human coronavirus vaccines?
A) Two were approved for MERS
B) None existed
C) Several were widely used
D) One was approved for SARS
  • 24. What is the status of a proven safe and effective vaccine for SARS in humans?
A) Approved in 2006
B) Approved in 2020
C) Approved in 2005
D) None exists
  • 25. As of March 2020, how many MERS vaccines had completed Phase I clinical trials in humans?
A) Three
B) Zero
C) One
D) Five
  • 26. What type of technology was used for the MERS vaccine that completed Phase I trials by March 2020?
A) mRNA-based
B) Live attenuated
C) Inactive virus
D) DNA-based
  • 27. How long does it typically take to develop vaccines using inactive or weakened viruses grown in eggs?
A) Less than one year
B) Two to three years
C) More than a decade
D) Six months
  • 28. In what year did Moderna begin human testing of an mRNA vaccine?
A) 2010
B) 2015
C) 2020
D) 2005
  • 29. For which disease was viral vector technology previously cleared before being used for COVID-19?
A) MERS
B) Ebola
C) SARS
D) Influenza
  • 30. Which animal is mentioned as a subject for SARS and MERS vaccine testing?
A) Birds only
B) Non-human animals
C) Humans only
D) Primates only
  • 31. Besides DNA-based vaccines, what other type of MERS vaccine was in progress as of March 2020?
A) Inactivated virus
B) mRNA-based
C) Viral-vectored
D) Protein subunit
  • 32. What kind of virus is typically used as a base for viral vector COVID-19 vaccines?
A) Rhinovirus
B) Adenovirus
C) Influenza virus
D) Coronavirus
  • 33. How do viral vector vaccines produce an immune response?
A) By producing an antigen via encoded DNA
B) By transferring mRNA directly to the nucleus
C) By injecting live coronavirus
D) By using heat-killed viral particles
  • 34. What Ad serotype does Sputnik V use for its second dose?
A) Ad2
B) Ad10
C) Ad5
D) Ad26
  • 35. How are viruses inactivated in inactivated virus vaccines?
A) By removing their DNA
B) By heat or formaldehyde
C) By coating them in protein subunits
D) By freezing them in liquid nitrogen
  • 36. Which vaccine is an example of an inactivated virus vaccine?
A) CoronaVac
B) Novavax
C) Convidecia
D) ZF2001
  • 37. How is the Novavax vaccine produced?
A) By heat-inactivation of SARS-CoV-2
B) By chemical synthesis of proteins
C) By infecting moth cells with a modified baculovirus
D) By using cultured adenovirus
  • 38. What are Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines lacking?
A) Protein antigens
B) Spike proteins
C) A lipid membrane
D) RNA or DNA
  • 39. Which vaccine was approved for use as a booster in the EU in 2023?
A) Bimervax
B) QazVac
C) Sputnik V
D) Covaxin
  • 40. How many COVID-19 vaccines had received authorization in one or more countries by the end of 2022?
A) 10
B) 50
C) 25
D) 100
  • 41. Which vaccine was investigated for potential non-specific effects on the immune system against COVID-19?
A) Razi Cov Pars
B) BCG vaccine
C) Pneucolin
D) Sputnik V
  • 42. Which specific nasal immune factor are intranasal vaccines designed to stimulate?
A) IgE
B) IgG
C) IgM
D) IgA
  • 43. Which country authorized the Razi Cov Pars intranasal vaccine in October 2021?
A) China
B) Iran
C) India
D) Russia
  • 44. What is the primary route of administration for most current coronavirus vaccines?
A) Intranasal spray
B) Intramuscular injection
C) Oral administration
D) Intravenous infusion
  • 45. When was a combined messenger RNA vaccine for influenza and COVID-19 introduced?
A) 2025
B) 2022
C) 2026
D) 2024
  • 46. What potential benefit of intranasal vaccines addresses needle phobia?
A) Faster manufacturing time
B) Requirement for fewer doses
C) Higher viral load suppression
D) Ease of administration without needles
  • 47. What type of immune system feature do intranasal vaccines target?
A) Innate cellular immunity
B) Systemic immunity
C) Passive immunity
D) Mucosal immunity
  • 48. Which vaccine was authorized in Russia as Sputnik Nasal in April 2022?
A) The first viral component of Sputnik V
B) Razi Cov Pars
C) Pneucolin
D) iNCOVACC
  • 49. In December 2022, which country approved Pneucolin as a booster vaccine?
A) India
B) Iran
C) USA
D) China
  • 50. When were the results of the SpFN Phase I clinical trial published?
A) March 2022
B) April 2022
C) May 2024
D) June 2025
  • 51. Which country is developing the universal vaccine candidate VBI-2902?
A) China
B) France
C) Canada
D) UK
  • 52. What theory suggests a broader range of strains can be targeted?
A) Focusing on pediatric populations
B) Targeting the receptor-binding domain
C) Targeting the entire viral genome
D) Targeting only the nasal cavity
  • 53. In June 2025, which agency made data from COVID-19 mRNA vaccine applications publicly available?
A) European Medicines Agency
B) White House
C) Chinese Center for Disease Control
D) Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
  • 54. What is one factor that obstructed research at universities during the pandemic?
A) Overabundance of funding
B) Governmental bans on science
C) Physical distancing
D) Lack of interest
  • 55. Why do companies have to compete for trial participants in Phases II-III?
A) International borders are closed to research
B) Changing transmission rates make the virus a 'moving target'
C) The vaccines are too expensive
D) Participants prefer placebo groups
  • 56. What is the alternative name for the Vaccines pillar of the ACT-Accelerator?
A) Operation Warp Speed
B) R&D Blueprint
C) Vaccine Bank
D) COVAX
  • 57. Which of the following is NOT one of the pillars of the ACT-Accelerator?
A) Diagnostics
B) Therapeutics
C) Manufacturing
D) Health Systems Connector
  • 58. What is the primary function of the US agency BARDA?
A) Developing medical school curricula
B) Funding disease-fighting technology
C) Regulating drug safety laws
D) Managing global vaccine distribution
  • 59. What was the name of the US fast-track vaccine program announced in May 2020?
A) Operation Warp Speed
B) ACT-Accelerator
C) The Vaccine Bank
D) The R&D Blueprint
  • 60. Which pharmaceutical company is specifically mentioned as having experience in large-scale vaccine production?
A) Novavax
B) Johnson & Johnson
C) Moderna
D) Pfizer
  • 61. According to the text, what is the primary cause of COVID-19 transmission?
A) Environmental surfaces
B) Mild infections
C) Severe infections
D) Asymptomatic carriers only
  • 62. What was the vaccine efficacy against pre-Omicron variants in the first months after vaccination?
A) Around 77%
B) Around 26%
C) Around 95%
D) Around 50%
  • 63. What was the vaccine efficacy against Omicron variants?
A) 50%
B) 26%
C) 77%
D) 90%
  • 64. What restored the protection against infections after the initial waning?
A) Boosters
B) Wait times
C) Placebos
D) Therapeutics
  • 65. Which international organization is a partner in the ACT-Accelerator?
A) Red Cross
B) Doctors Without Borders
C) United Nations
D) World Health Organization
  • 66. What is true about antibody titers regarding individual protection?
A) Individual protection titers are determined by weight
B) Individual protection titers remain unknown
C) Individual protection titers are clearly defined
D) Individual protection titers are not associated with immunity
  • 67. What is the recommended booster schedule for care home residents as of March 2022?
A) Every month
B) Every two years
C) Every six months
D) Once per lifetime
  • 68. What percentage of protection against long COVID is provided by three doses of a vaccine?
A) 19%
B) 90%
C) 43%
D) 70%
  • 69. What kind of studies provided the evidence for vaccine effectiveness against long COVID?
A) Case reports only
B) Observational studies
C) Computer simulations
D) Randomized clinical trials
  • 70. Did large randomized control trials on COVID-19 vaccines include long COVID as an outcome measure?
A) No
B) Yes, but only in the Moderna trials
C) Yes, in all of them
D) Yes, but only in the Pfizer trials
  • 71. What is another term for the mix-and-match vaccination method?
A) Heterologous vaccination
B) Standard regimen
C) Single-dose regimen
D) Homologous vaccination
  • 72. How are the risks of serious illness from COVID-19 compared to the risks from vaccines?
A) The risks from the vaccine are higher.
B) There is no way to compare the risks.
C) The risks are about the same.
D) The risks from COVID-19 are far higher.
  • 73. What phenomenon explains reports of adverse effects in placebo groups during vaccine trials?
A) Allergic reaction.
B) Intramuscular trauma.
C) Nocebo effect.
D) Inflammation.
  • 74. In the February 2022 study, how many deaths were reported out of 250 million Americans vaccinated?
A) 55.
B) 2,700.
C) 250.
D) 17.
  • 75. Who typically reports stronger side effects?
A) Infants.
B) People with chronic illness only.
C) Older people.
D) Younger people.
  • 76. How often does COVID-19 vaccination-related enlargement of lymph nodes occur after two doses?
A) 11.6%.
B) 20%.
C) 5%.
D) 16%.
  • 77. How long does it take for menstrual cycle lengths to return to normal after vaccination?
A) One year.
B) Two menstrual cycles.
C) One week.
D) Six months.
  • 78. Which type of vaccine generally has weaker or less common side effects?
A) mRNA vaccines.
B) Vector vaccines.
C) Inactivated vaccines.
D) DNA vaccines.
  • 79. How many cases of cerebral venous sinus thromboses (CVST) were recorded by the Paul Ehrlich Institute in Germany?
A) 73.
B) 9.
C) 31.
D) 250.
  • 80. What is the approximate mortality rate of people who experience anaphylaxis following a COVID-19 vaccination?
A) 0.5%
B) 5%
C) 1.07%
D) 0.015%
  • 81. Which group is identified as having the highest risk of myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination?
A) Immunocompromised individuals
B) Young males
C) Elderly females
D) Children under 5
  • 82. Which digital platform did India make open to the global community to help manage vaccination distribution?
A) VigiBase
B) CoWIN
C) EudraVigilance
D) Aarogya Setu
  • 83. What action did the US government announce on May 5, 2021, regarding intellectual property for COVID-19 vaccines?
A) Supports waiving intellectual property protections
B) Supports stricter patent enforcement
C) Proposed a ban on foreign vaccine exports
D) Remains neutral on the issue
  • 84. Which countries might lose more money in absolute terms due to vaccine inequity?
A) Countries with low tourism rates.
B) Poor countries.
C) Rich countries.
D) Countries with no vaccine supply.
  • 85. Which countries lose a higher percentage of GDP due to vaccine inequity?
A) Rich countries.
B) Countries in the northern hemisphere.
C) Island nations.
D) Poor countries.
  • 86. What characterized the early 2021 COVID-19 vaccine distribution in the United States?
A) Demand significantly exceeded supply.
B) Vaccines were readily available for everyone.
C) Supply significantly exceeded demand.
D) There was no interest in getting vaccinated.
  • 87. Who created a program in the San Francisco Bay Area that monitored over 100 provider websites?
A) The state health department.
B) High school students only.
C) Mukesh Aggarwal.
D) A group of pharmacy owners.
  • 88. What was the name of the Twitter bot launched by high school students in the Bay Area?
A) @VaccineHunter
B) @BayVaccine
C) @CovaxSF
D) @CVSBot
  • 89. What platform did independently developed bots monitor in California?
A) MyTurn.
B) VaccineAlert.
C) GlobalVaccineTracker.
D) HealthPortal.
  • 90. Why did many volunteer-run tracking systems discontinue in mid-2021?
A) The developers lost interest
B) The websites were hacked by competitors
C) The need for intensive monitoring declined
D) They were banned by federal law
  • 91. What allowed others to monitor appointment endpoints directly?
A) Open-source scripts
B) Telephone hotlines
C) Official government apps
D) Physical paper maps
  • 92. Which specific U.S. state was mentioned regarding crowd-sourced vaccine reports?
A) New York
B) Florida
C) Texas
D) California
  • 93. Which US government official published the notice of declaration under the PREP Act in February 2020?
A) Alex Azar
B) Ron DeSantis
C) Joe Biden
D) Donald Trump
  • 94. Under the US PREP Act declaration, what is the exception that allows for liability claims against vaccine manufacturers?
A) Willful misconduct
B) Negligence
C) Product spoilage
D) High pricing
  • 95. Which country granted Pfizer legal indemnity for its COVID-19 vaccine in December 2020?
A) France
B) Argentina
C) United Kingdom
D) Brazil
  • 96. What type of authorization did COVID-19 vaccines initially receive in the European Union?
A) Standard authorization
B) Liability exemption
C) Conditional marketing authorization
D) Emergency use permit
  • 97. When were EU conditional marketing authorizations for COVID-19 vaccines changed to standard authorizations?
A) December 2020
B) September 2022
C) February 2020
D) November 2023
  • 98. What did the governor of Florida petition to convene in December 2022 regarding COVID-19 vaccines?
A) A congressional hearing
B) A Supreme Court trial
C) An international tribunal
D) A grand jury
  • 99. Under which act did Texas sue Pfizer in November 2023?
A) Public Health Emergency Act
B) Consumer Vaccine Safety Act
C) Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act
D) PREP Act
  • 100. In which country did the #ChinaAngVirus campaign originate?
A) Philippines
B) China
C) United States
D) Saudi Arabia
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