Giant virus - Quiz
Giant virus
  • 1. What is the primary function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases in giant viruses?
A) Forming the five-pronged star structure on the capsid
B) Catalyzing the esterification of amino acids to tRNAs
C) Encoding the entire viral genome
D) Repairing DNA mismatch mutations
  • 2. Which family of viruses includes Mimivirus and Mamavirus?
A) Mimiviridae
B) Megaviridae
C) Cellularia
D) Stargatidae
  • 3. How many aminoacyl tRNA synthetase genes were discovered in the megavirus genome?
A) Ten
B) One
C) Seven
D) Four
  • 4. What process is suggested as the origin of giant viruses based on the presence of translation machinery?
A) Genome reduction
B) Viral fusion
C) Host gene acquisition
D) Fourth domain synthesis
  • 5. What is the function of the MutS protein in giant viruses?
A) Translation machinery
B) Capsid structural integrity
C) Host cytoplasm entry
D) DNA mismatch repair
  • 6. What is a 'stargate' in the context of giant viruses?
A) A five-pronged star structure on the capsid
B) A classification of genome reduction
C) A type of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
D) A mechanism for DNA repair
  • 7. What does the stargate structure facilitate?
A) Delivery of the internal core to the host cytoplasm
B) Replication of viral DNA
C) Correction of point mutations
D) Synthesis of amino acids
  • 8. What is the current scientific consensus regarding giant viruses representing a 'fourth domain of life'?
A) It has been proven through molecular dating
B) It has been largely discounted
C) It is widely accepted by the scientific community
D) It is the leading hypothesis
  • 9. When did the last common ancestor of giant viruses likely diverge, according to molecular dating?
A) During the Cambrian explosion
B) Within the last billion years
C) Before the origins of known domains of life
D) Within the last ten million years
  • 10. Which software is used to create the Giant Virus Toplist?
A) Giant Virus Finder
B) Mimivirus Tracker
C) Stargate Analyzer
D) Genome Reduction Mapper
  • 11. How many giant viruses were listed in the Giant Virus Toplist as of June 11, 2018?
A) 250
B) 7
C) 100
D) 183
  • 12. What does the presence of translation machinery in giant viruses challenge?
A) The definition of viral replication
B) The importance of capsid structure
C) The existence of the MutS protein
D) The previous belief that such machinery is unique to cellular organisms
  • 13. What is one of the two main hypotheses regarding the evolutionary origins of giant viruses?
A) Evolving from complex organisms via genome expansion
B) Evolving from small viruses by picking up host DNA
C) Evolving directly from the fourth domain of life
D) Evolving from non-biological chemical precursors
  • 14. What is the common term used to refer to a giant virus?
A) Nanovirus
B) Megavirus
C) Girus
D) Microvirus
  • 15. Which phylum do all known giant viruses belong to?
A) Nucleocytoviricota
B) Mimiviridae
C) Pandoraviridae
D) Phycodnaviridae
  • 16. What is the typical minimum virion size used to define a giant virus?
A) 10-50 nanometers
B) 50-100 nanometers
C) 200-300 nanometers
D) 500-1000 nanometers
  • 17. Which genus is a member of the Nucleocytoviricota but is not a giant virus?
A) Pithovirus
B) Prasinovirus
C) Pandoravirus
D) Mimivirus
  • 18. Which unusual biological process genes have been found in giant viruses?
A) Nitrogen fixation
B) Glycolysis
C) Oxidative phosphorylation
D) Photosynthesis
  • 19. What type of enzymes are encoded in giant viruses found in the deep ocean and human patients?
A) Cytochrome P450
B) Reverse transcriptase
C) Amylase
D) Lipase
  • 20. What was the first virophage discovered?
A) Sputnik
B) CroV
C) ACMV
D) Mavirus
  • 21. In what year was the term 'girus' coined?
A) 2003
B) 1999
C) 2010
D) 2006
  • 22. Which virus was initially mistaken for a gram-positive bacteria?
A) Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1
B) Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus
C) Pithovirus sibericum
D) Pandoravirus salinus
  • 23. What is the approximate genome size of Pandoravirus salinus?
A) 2.5 Mbp
B) 300 kb
C) 1.4 Mbp
D) 1.2 Mbp
  • 24. Which virus holds the record for having the longest known virion?
A) Cafeteria roenbergensis virus
B) Pandoravirus salinus
C) Mimivirus
D) Megaklothovirus horridgei
  • 25. What are mobile genetic elements found in Mimivirus strains that are homologous to virophage genes called?
A) Plasmids
B) Transposons
C) Virions
D) Transpovirons
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