Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology - Quiz

1. Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the study of mental processes such as attention, memory, perception, problem-solving, and decision-making. It seeks to understand how people acquire, process, store, and retrieve information. Cognitive psychologists investigate how the mind works, exploring complex cognitive functions such as language development, problem-solving strategies, and reasoning. By studying these mental processes, cognitive psychology aims to enhance our understanding of human behavior and cognition, providing insights into various aspects of human experience and behavior.

Who is considered the father of cognitive psychology?

A) Ulric Neisser
B) Sigmund Freud
C) B.F. Skinner
D) Ivan Pavlov

2. What is the term for the mental process of organizing and interpreting sensory information?

A) Perception
B) Thinking
C) Learning
D) Memory

3. What is the term for the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory?

A) Encoding
B) Interference
C) Retrieval
D) Decay

4. Which area of the brain plays a crucial role in memory formation?

A) Occipital lobe
B) Cerebellum
C) Hippocampus
D) Prefrontal cortex

5. In classical conditioning, what is the unlearned response known as?

A) Conditioned response
B) Neutral response
C) Reinforced response
D) Unconditioned response

6. What is the term for the ability to store and retrieve information over time?

A) Imagination
B) Creativity
C) Memory
D) Problem-solving

7. Which term refers to the tendency for our memory of an event to be altered by misleading information?

A) Memory augmentation
B) Misinformation effect
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Recall error

8. What term describes the mental structures and processes used for organizing information?

A) Hypothesis
B) Algorithm
C) Concept
D) Schema

9. What is the term for the interference of new information with the retrieval of old information?

A) Encoding specificity
B) Proactive interference
C) Retroactive interference
D) State-dependent memory

10. Which term describes the process of breaking down complex information into smaller, more manageable parts?

A) Consolidation
B) Acquisition
C) Elaboration
D) Chunking

11. Who proposed the stages of cognitive development, including sensorimotor and formal operational stages?

A) Lev Vygotsky
B) Erik Erikson
C) Lawrence Kohlberg
D) Jean Piaget

12. What is the term for the phenomenon where the first items in a list are more easily remembered?

A) Chunking
B) Sensory memory
C) Recency effect
D) Primacy effect

13. What is the term for the mental process of manipulating information in short-term memory?

A) Selective attention
B) Working memory
C) Metacognition
D) Procedural memory

14. What is the term for the cognitive bias to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions?

A) Anchoring bias
B) Availability heuristic
C) Confirmation bias
D) Hindsight bias

15. In which century did philosophical debates about human thought primarily occur?

A) 17th century
B) 19th century
C) 18th century
D) 20th century

16. Who posited the idea of mind-body dualism, also known as substance dualism?

A) Immanuel Kant
B) René Descartes
C) John Locke
D) George Berkeley

17. Which area of the brain was discovered by Paul Broca to be largely responsible for language production?

A) Broca's area
B) Wernicke's area
C) Hippocampus
D) Amygdala

18. What was a major influence on cognitive psychology during World War II?

A) Development of behaviorism
B) Understanding human performance for training soldiers
C) Founding of Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies
D) Critique of empiricism

19. What did Carl Jung introduce in his 1921 book 'Psychological Types'?

A) Behaviorist principles
B) Artificial intelligence concepts
C) The hypothesis of cognitive functions
D) Mind-body dualism

20. What is an example of using procedural memory?

A) Recalling where one was when hearing about a major news event
B) Knowing what the Eiffel Tower looks like
C) Remembering the name of a friend from sixth grade
D) Driving a car

21. What type of processing occurs for the unattended message in a dichotic listening task?

A) Early sensory processing
B) Deep processing
C) Long-term memory storage
D) Short-term memory analysis

22. Who described the origins of cognitive psychology in a 2002 article?

A) George Mandler
B) Ulric Neisser
C) Jean Piaget
D) Carl Jung

23. What does endogenous control in attention work in a manner that is best described as?

A) Top-down
B) Reflexive
C) Bottom-up
D) Orienting

24. How many steps does Dodge's SIP model assert an individual goes through when evaluating interactions?

A) Three
B) Four
C) Seven
D) Five

25. Can participants comprehend both passages when shadowing one in the dichotic listening task?

A) If their name is mentioned.
B) Yes, they can.
C) Only if the pitches differ.
D) No, they cannot.

26. Who is credited as the father of cognitive therapy?

A) Daniel Kahneman
B) Aaron T. Beck
C) Carl Rogers
D) Sigmund Freud

27. What happens if a participant's name is mentioned in the unattended ear during a dichotic listening task?

A) They store it in long-term memory.
B) Some even orient to the unattended message.
C) They can report its content accurately.
D) They ignore it completely.

28. What can subjects notice about the unattended message in a dichotic listening task?

A) They can comprehend and report its content.
B) They can notice if the pitch changes or if it ceases altogether.
C) They can store it in long-term memory.
D) They cannot notice any changes.

29. Which type of knowledge relates to performing particular tasks?

A) Metacognitive knowledge
B) Declarative knowledge
C) Hierarchical knowledge
D) Procedural knowledge

30. What did cognitive psychology integrate into other branches and disciplines?

A) Work derived from cognitive psychology
B) Dynamic psychology concepts
C) Philosophical debates about empiricism
D) Behaviorist principles

31. What concept did Donald Broadbent integrate with human performance research?

A) Mind-body dualism
B) Information theory
C) Dynamic psychology
D) Artificial intelligence

32. Which book by Ulric Neisser popularized the term 'cognitive psychology'?

A) A Study of Thinking (1956)
B) Psychological Types (1921)
C) Cognitive Psychology (1967)
D) Plans and the Structure of Behavior (1960)

33. Who defines social cognition as the study of mental processes in perceiving, attending to, remembering, thinking about, and making sense of people?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Kenneth Dodge
C) Gordon B. Moskowitz
D) Jean Piaget

34. Which area is NOT typically studied by cognitive psychologists in language?

A) Phonemes
B) Language use in mood
C) Language acquisition
D) Individual components of language formation

35. What did the Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies, founded in 1960, aim to do?

A) Promote behaviorism
B) Institutionalize the cognitive revolution
C) Develop AI technology
D) Study dynamic psychology

36. Which attentional system is responsible for the orienting reflex and pop-out effects?

A) Divided attention
B) Endogenous control
C) Conscious processing
D) Exogenous control

37. Who proposed a model of language processing in the 1870s?

A) Carl Wernicke
B) Noam Chomsky
C) Jean Piaget
D) B.F. Skinner

38. What phenomenon involves generating thoughts believed to be unique but are actually memories?

A) Validity effect
B) False fame effect
C) Cryptomnesia
D) Déjà vu

39. In the dichotic listening task, what happens when the basketball-related message shifts to the right ear?

A) The listener cannot comprehend both passages when shadowing one.
B) The listener can report the content of the unattended message.
C) The listener cannot notice if the pitch of the unattended message changes.
D) The listener is usually able to repeat the entire message at the end, having attended to the left or right ear only when it was appropriate.

40. What is metacognition?

A) The study of language acquisition
B) Thoughts about one's own thoughts
C) Phoneme analysis in cognitive psychology
D) Short-term memory processes

41. What did J. S. Bruner, J. J. Goodnow & G. A. Austin write about in 1956?

A) 'Plans and the Structure of Behavior'
B) 'A Study of Thinking'
C) 'Cognitive Psychology'
D) 'Psychological Types'

42. What did G. A. Miller, E. Galanter, and K. Pribram write about in 1960?

A) 'A Study of Thinking'
B) 'Plans and the Structure of Behavior'
C) 'Psychological Types'
D) 'Cognitive Psychology'

43. What did cognitive psychology originate from in the 1960s?

A) A break from behaviorism
B) Philosophical debates about innate ideas
C) Military research during WWII
D) The establishment of AI

44. Who critiqued behaviorism in 1959, initiating the cognitive revolution?

A) Noam Chomsky
B) J. S. Bruner
C) Allen Newell
D) Donald Broadbent

45. Which two psychologists collaborated on the concept of artificial intelligence (AI)?

A) Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
B) Noam Chomsky and J. S. Bruner
C) Donald Broadbent and George Mandler
D) Carl Jung and Jean Piaget

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