Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology - Quiz

1. Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the study of mental processes such as attention, memory, perception, problem-solving, and decision-making. It seeks to understand how people acquire, process, store, and retrieve information. Cognitive psychologists investigate how the mind works, exploring complex cognitive functions such as language development, problem-solving strategies, and reasoning. By studying these mental processes, cognitive psychology aims to enhance our understanding of human behavior and cognition, providing insights into various aspects of human experience and behavior.

Who is considered the father of cognitive psychology?

A) Ivan Pavlov
B) Ulric Neisser
C) B.F. Skinner
D) Sigmund Freud

2. What is the term for the mental process of organizing and interpreting sensory information?

A) Thinking
B) Memory
C) Perception
D) Learning

3. What is the term for the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory?

A) Retrieval
B) Interference
C) Encoding
D) Decay

4. Which area of the brain plays a crucial role in memory formation?

A) Hippocampus
B) Occipital lobe
C) Prefrontal cortex
D) Cerebellum

5. In classical conditioning, what is the unlearned response known as?

A) Reinforced response
B) Neutral response
C) Unconditioned response
D) Conditioned response

6. What is the term for the ability to store and retrieve information over time?

A) Imagination
B) Problem-solving
C) Creativity
D) Memory

7. Which term refers to the tendency for our memory of an event to be altered by misleading information?

A) Cognitive dissonance
B) Recall error
C) Memory augmentation
D) Misinformation effect

8. What term describes the mental structures and processes used for organizing information?

A) Hypothesis
B) Algorithm
C) Schema
D) Concept

9. What is the term for the interference of new information with the retrieval of old information?

A) Proactive interference
B) State-dependent memory
C) Retroactive interference
D) Encoding specificity

10. Which term describes the process of breaking down complex information into smaller, more manageable parts?

A) Chunking
B) Elaboration
C) Consolidation
D) Acquisition

11. Who proposed the stages of cognitive development, including sensorimotor and formal operational stages?

A) Jean Piaget
B) Erik Erikson
C) Lev Vygotsky
D) Lawrence Kohlberg

12. What is the term for the phenomenon where the first items in a list are more easily remembered?

A) Chunking
B) Recency effect
C) Primacy effect
D) Sensory memory

13. What is the term for the mental process of manipulating information in short-term memory?

A) Metacognition
B) Selective attention
C) Working memory
D) Procedural memory

14. What is the term for the cognitive bias to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions?

A) Hindsight bias
B) Anchoring bias
C) Confirmation bias
D) Availability heuristic

15. In which century did philosophical debates about human thought primarily occur?

A) 17th century
B) 19th century
C) 18th century
D) 20th century

16. Who posited the idea of mind-body dualism, also known as substance dualism?

A) René Descartes
B) Immanuel Kant
C) John Locke
D) George Berkeley

17. Which area of the brain was discovered by Paul Broca to be largely responsible for language production?

A) Wernicke's area
B) Broca's area
C) Amygdala
D) Hippocampus

18. What was a major influence on cognitive psychology during World War II?

A) Development of behaviorism
B) Understanding human performance for training soldiers
C) Critique of empiricism
D) Founding of Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies

19. What did Carl Jung introduce in his 1921 book 'Psychological Types'?

A) The hypothesis of cognitive functions
B) Mind-body dualism
C) Artificial intelligence concepts
D) Behaviorist principles

20. What is an example of using procedural memory?

A) Remembering the name of a friend from sixth grade
B) Driving a car
C) Recalling where one was when hearing about a major news event
D) Knowing what the Eiffel Tower looks like

21. What type of processing occurs for the unattended message in a dichotic listening task?

A) Short-term memory analysis
B) Long-term memory storage
C) Early sensory processing
D) Deep processing

22. Who described the origins of cognitive psychology in a 2002 article?

A) Jean Piaget
B) Ulric Neisser
C) George Mandler
D) Carl Jung

23. What does endogenous control in attention work in a manner that is best described as?

A) Top-down
B) Reflexive
C) Orienting
D) Bottom-up

24. How many steps does Dodge's SIP model assert an individual goes through when evaluating interactions?

A) Five
B) Four
C) Three
D) Seven

25. Can participants comprehend both passages when shadowing one in the dichotic listening task?

A) No, they cannot.
B) If their name is mentioned.
C) Only if the pitches differ.
D) Yes, they can.

26. Who is credited as the father of cognitive therapy?

A) Carl Rogers
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Aaron T. Beck
D) Daniel Kahneman

27. What happens if a participant's name is mentioned in the unattended ear during a dichotic listening task?

A) They ignore it completely.
B) Some even orient to the unattended message.
C) They can report its content accurately.
D) They store it in long-term memory.

28. What can subjects notice about the unattended message in a dichotic listening task?

A) They can store it in long-term memory.
B) They cannot notice any changes.
C) They can notice if the pitch changes or if it ceases altogether.
D) They can comprehend and report its content.

29. Which type of knowledge relates to performing particular tasks?

A) Procedural knowledge
B) Metacognitive knowledge
C) Hierarchical knowledge
D) Declarative knowledge

30. What did cognitive psychology integrate into other branches and disciplines?

A) Work derived from cognitive psychology
B) Behaviorist principles
C) Dynamic psychology concepts
D) Philosophical debates about empiricism

31. What concept did Donald Broadbent integrate with human performance research?

A) Information theory
B) Artificial intelligence
C) Mind-body dualism
D) Dynamic psychology

32. Which book by Ulric Neisser popularized the term 'cognitive psychology'?

A) Plans and the Structure of Behavior (1960)
B) Cognitive Psychology (1967)
C) A Study of Thinking (1956)
D) Psychological Types (1921)

33. Who defines social cognition as the study of mental processes in perceiving, attending to, remembering, thinking about, and making sense of people?

A) Jean Piaget
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Gordon B. Moskowitz
D) Kenneth Dodge

34. Which area is NOT typically studied by cognitive psychologists in language?

A) Individual components of language formation
B) Language use in mood
C) Language acquisition
D) Phonemes

35. What did the Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies, founded in 1960, aim to do?

A) Develop AI technology
B) Institutionalize the cognitive revolution
C) Promote behaviorism
D) Study dynamic psychology

36. Which attentional system is responsible for the orienting reflex and pop-out effects?

A) Exogenous control
B) Endogenous control
C) Divided attention
D) Conscious processing

37. Who proposed a model of language processing in the 1870s?

A) B.F. Skinner
B) Noam Chomsky
C) Jean Piaget
D) Carl Wernicke

38. What phenomenon involves generating thoughts believed to be unique but are actually memories?

A) Validity effect
B) False fame effect
C) Cryptomnesia
D) Déjà vu

39. In the dichotic listening task, what happens when the basketball-related message shifts to the right ear?

A) The listener is usually able to repeat the entire message at the end, having attended to the left or right ear only when it was appropriate.
B) The listener cannot notice if the pitch of the unattended message changes.
C) The listener cannot comprehend both passages when shadowing one.
D) The listener can report the content of the unattended message.

40. What is metacognition?

A) Short-term memory processes
B) Phoneme analysis in cognitive psychology
C) Thoughts about one's own thoughts
D) The study of language acquisition

41. What did J. S. Bruner, J. J. Goodnow & G. A. Austin write about in 1956?

A) 'Plans and the Structure of Behavior'
B) 'Psychological Types'
C) 'Cognitive Psychology'
D) 'A Study of Thinking'

42. What did G. A. Miller, E. Galanter, and K. Pribram write about in 1960?

A) 'Psychological Types'
B) 'Cognitive Psychology'
C) 'A Study of Thinking'
D) 'Plans and the Structure of Behavior'

43. What did cognitive psychology originate from in the 1960s?

A) The establishment of AI
B) Philosophical debates about innate ideas
C) Military research during WWII
D) A break from behaviorism

44. Who critiqued behaviorism in 1959, initiating the cognitive revolution?

A) J. S. Bruner
B) Donald Broadbent
C) Noam Chomsky
D) Allen Newell

45. Which two psychologists collaborated on the concept of artificial intelligence (AI)?

A) Noam Chomsky and J. S. Bruner
B) Donald Broadbent and George Mandler
C) Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
D) Carl Jung and Jean Piaget

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