Eyjafjallajökull - Quiz
Eyjafjallajökull
  • 1. When was unusual seismic activity first registered by the Icelandic Meteorological Office in 2010?
A) 26 February 2010
B) 20 March 2010
C) 14 April 2010
D) 3 March 2010
  • 2. What evidence suggested magma was filling the magma chamber of Eyjafjallajökull?
A) Increased local temperature
B) Increased glacial melting
C) Rapid expansion of the Earth's crust
D) Visible smoke at the summit
  • 3. Where did the huge crustal displacement occur in early 2010?
A) Þorvaldseyri farm
B) Fimmvörðuháls pass
C) Skógar hiking trail
D) The top crater
  • 4. What was the depth range of the small earthquakes detected in March 2010?
A) 15–20 kilometres
B) 1–3 kilometres
C) 50–100 kilometres
D) 7–10 kilometres
  • 5. When did the first eruption of 2010 officially begin?
A) 26 February 2010
B) 3 March 2010
C) 14 April 2010
D) 20 March 2010
  • 6. Where was the location of the first eruption on 20 March 2010?
A) Þorvaldseyri farm
B) Fimmvörðuháls
C) The main glacier crater
D) The southern coast of Iceland
  • 7. What was the length of the radial fissure vent in the first eruption?
A) 500 metres
B) 1 kilometre
C) 100 metres
D) 300 metres
  • 8. What was the maximum height reached by the lava fountains during the first eruption?
A) 1 kilometre
B) 50 metres
C) 300 metres
D) 185 metres
  • 9. When did the second major eruption period begin in 2010?
A) 20 March 2010
B) 14 April 2010
C) 1 May 2010
D) 23 May 2010
  • 10. What does the term 'jökulhlaup' refer to in the text?
A) Lava fountains
B) Seismic tremors
C) Ash clouds
D) Meltwater floods
  • 11. How many people were evacuated during the 14 April 2010 eruption?
A) 5,000
B) 800
C) 10,000
D) 100
  • 12. What caused the second eruption to be explosive?
A) The type of rock found at the summit
B) The depth of the magma chamber
C) Meltwater getting into the volcanic vent
D) High atmospheric pressure
  • 13. How long did the air travel disruption last in April 2010?
A) Six days
B) Twelve days
C) Two days
D) One month
  • 14. Approximately how many air travellers were affected by the ash cloud?
A) 500,000
B) 20 million
C) 10 million
D) 1 million
  • 15. When did the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre declare the eruption to have stopped?
A) 1 August 2010
B) 23 May 2010
C) 20 March 2010
D) 14 April 2010
  • 16. What status was Eyjafjallajökull given as of August 2010?
A) Dormant
B) Active
C) Erupting
D) Extinct
  • 17. What was installed around the volcano to monitor for future eruptions?
A) Ocean buoys
B) Temperature probes
C) Cameras
D) Infrasound sensors
  • 18. What was the total volume of tephra generated by the 2010 eruptions?
A) 0.27 cubic km
B) 1.0 cubic km
C) 0.01 cubic km
D) 5.0 cubic km
  • 19. Which neighbouring icecap is mentioned alongside Eyjafjallajökull?
A) Hofsjökull
B) Langjökull
C) Mýrdalsjökull
D) Vatnajökull
  • 20. What type of volcano is Eyjafjallajökull?
A) Cinder cone
B) Lava dome
C) Shield volcano
D) Stratovolcano
  • 21. What tectonic feature provides the magma source for the volcano?
A) East African Rift
B) Himalayan fault
C) Pacific Ring of Fire
D) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
  • 22. Which volcano is located to the northeast of Eyjafjallajökull?
A) Hekla
B) Eldfell
C) Askja
D) Katla
  • 23. What is the chemical composition of the lavas found in the volcano?
A) Peridotite to basalt
B) Basalt to andesite
C) Granite to diorite
D) Rhyolite to dacite
  • 24. What toxic substance found in the 1821 ash caused damage to animal bone structure?
A) Sulfur dioxide
B) Fluoride
C) Lead
D) Mercury
  • 25. What was the VEI level of the 920 Skerin Ridge eruption?
A) VEI 5
B) VEI 1
C) VEI 7
D) VEI 3
  • 26. What is the silicon dioxide content of the 1821 ash?
A) 50–60%
B) 10–20%
C) 28–40%
D) 70–80%
  • 27. What type of eruption occurred in 1612 and 1821?
A) VEI 2 small summit eruptions
B) VEI 1 effusive lava flows
C) VEI 6 catastrophic explosive eruptions
D) VEI 4 major fissure eruptions
  • 28. Which volcano is located on Heimaey to the southwest of Eyjafjallajökull?
A) Eldfell
B) Katla
C) Krafla
D) Hekla
  • 29. What is the numeronym sometimes used to refer to Eyjafjallajökull?
A) E20
B) E10
C) E5
D) E15
  • 30. How large was the area covered by the retreating ice cap in 2019?
A) 50 km2
B) 80 km2
C) 100 km2
D) 66 km2
  • 31. When did the massive landslide on the Steinsholtsjökull glacial tongue occur?
A) 2010
B) 1999
C) 1967
D) 1950
  • 32. What is the best known waterfall on the sheer cliffs of the former coastline?
A) Dettifoss
B) Skógafoss
C) Gullfoss
D) Seljalandsfoss
  • 33. What does the word 'jökull' mean in Icelandic?
A) Island
B) Glacier or ice cap
C) Volcano
D) Mountain
  • 34. What is the literal translation of 'fjöll'?
A) Craters
B) Glaciers
C) Islands
D) Fells or mountains
  • 35. The name Eyjafjallajökull literally translates to what?
A) Volcano of the sea
B) Glacier of the landslide
C) Islands' Mountains' glacier
D) Northern ice cap
  • 36. To which archipelago does the name 'Eyjafjöll' likely refer?
A) Greenland
B) Vestmannaeyjar
C) Shetland Islands
D) Faroe Islands
  • 37. Where are the seismometers that monitored the 1967 landslide located?
A) Skógar
B) Eyjafjöll
C) Reykjavík
D) Kirkjubæjarklaustur
  • 38. In which years did historical eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull precede an eruption of Katla?
A) 1999, 2005, and 2010
B) 920, 1612, and 1821–1823
C) 1700, 1800, and 1900
D) 2010, 2011, and 2012
  • 39. Did Katla display unusual activity during the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull?
A) Yes, it erupted simultaneously
B) Yes, seismic activity was high
C) No
D) Yes, crust expansion was noted
  • 40. Since what year have geologists been concerned about the general instability of Katla?
A) 1990
B) 2005
C) 1999
D) 2010
  • 41. Who stated in April 2010 that the time for Katla to erupt was coming close?
A) NASA
B) Icelandic President Ólafur Grímsson
C) A volcano research team
D) The Icelandic Meteorological Office
  • 42. What significant event occurred on 8 July 2011 related to Katla's glacier?
A) A large earthquake of magnitude 8
B) A permanent shutdown of local webcams
C) A jökulhlaup destroyed a bridge
D) A massive volcanic eruption
  • 43. What is the consequence mentioned if Katla were to erupt?
A) An end to all volcanic activity in Iceland
B) Major flooding and massive ash plumes
C) Immediate global climate cooling
D) Permanent destruction of the Ring Road
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