CDI 2
  • 1. A branch of medicines which deals with the application of medical knowledge to
    arposes of Law and in the administration of justice.
A) Forensic Medicine
B) All of the Above
C) Medical Jurisprudence
D) Legal Medicine
  • 2. A physician who specialized primarily with Medico-legal duties.
A) All of the Above
B) Medical Jurist
C) Medical Examiner
D) Medico - legal Expert
  • 3. Person authorized to perform autopsies.
A) Member of the medical staff of accredited hospitals
B) Health officers
C) all of these
D) Medical officers of law enforcement agencies
  • 4. Examination of dead body through dissection carried out by a trained physician.
A) Autopsic
B) Autopsy/ Necropsy
C) Clinical Autopsy
D) Medico legal autopsy
  • 5. It is performed to identify the cause of death.
A) Medico legal autopsy
B) Autopsic
C) Autopsy/ Necropsy
D) Clinical Autopsy
  • 6. Usually the cause of death is known. It is done to confirm diagnoses for teaching and research purposes.
A) Autopsy/Necropsy
B) Clinical Autopsy
C) Autoptic
D) Medico-legal autopsy
  • 7. Branch of division of law which defines crimes, treats of their nature and provides for their punishment.
A) Remedial law
B) Civil Law
C) Criminal law
D) Special law
  • 8. Legal medicine is applicable in the following provisions of the penal code except.
A) Crimes against chastity
B) Crimes against property
C) Crimes against person
D) Circumstances affecting criminal liability
  • 9. Also known as postmortem hypostasis or postmortem lividity.
A) Rigor Mortis
B) Livor Mortis
C) Flaccidity
D) Algor Mortis
  • 10. Describes the postmortem temperature change after someone has died.
A) Algor Mortis
B) Livor Mortis
C) Rigor Mortis
D) Flaccidity
  • 11. Postmortem change resulting in stiffening of the body muscle due to chemical changes in their myofibrils.
A) Livor Mortis
B) Flaccidity
C) Rigor Mortis
D) Algor Mortis
  • 12. Body of the crime or actual commission of the crime charged.
A) Corpus Delicti
B) Proma Facie Evidence
C) Material Evidence
D) Corroborative Evidence
  • 13. What test is performed to ascertain whether the blood is human or not?
A) Acid hematin
B) Precipitin test
C) Alkaline test
D) Albumin test
  • 14. How can a prober retain evidence that is subject to deterioration, such as injuries. contusions, hematomas, and the like, in addition to medical certificates? by
A) Tape recording them
B) Written interrogatories
C) Memories
D) Photographing it
  • 15. Basic guides for the investigator to look upon are to establish the following except.
A) Corpus delicti or facts that crime was committed
B) Method of operation's of the suspect
C) Identity of the suspect
D) Cordon the area
  • 16. An injury in the substance of ths skin discoloration of the surface due to extravasition of blood. This is due to the application of a blunt instrument.
A) Punchured
B) Contusion
C) Hematoma
D) Abrasion
  • 17. The extravasation of blood in the newly formed cavity.
A) Punchured wound
B) Contusion
C) Hematoma
D) Abrasion
  • 18. An open wound characterized by the removal of the epithelial layer of the skin brought about by the friction against hard, rough objects.
A) Punctured wound
B) Contusion
C) Hematoma
D) Abrasion
  • 19. The penetration of the sharp pointed weapon.
A) Contusion
B) Punctured wound
C) Abrasion
D) Hematoma
  • 20. Involves the use of weapons such as firearm, a knife or other dangerous weapons.
A) Homicide
B) Robbery
C) Arrest
D) Armed Robbery
  • 21. When badly is what ergo in water, here is very ile change if water is cold for the
A) Skin on the hands and feet become swollen and bleached
B) Abdomen distended, skin of hands and feet come off with the nails like a glove
C) Skin wrinkled, scrotum, and penis distended with gas, nails and hair still intact
D) The face appears softened
  • 22. A wound that is produced as a result of a sharp edged instrument under an eminent danger and act of restoring of one’s safety.
A) Justifying circumstances
B) Incised wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Defense wound
  • 23. A physical injury wherein the offended victim is incapacitated for work ore required medical assistance for 10days or more but not more than 30 days.
A) Slight physical injury
B) Serious physical injury
C) Less serious physical injury
D) Mutilation
  • 24. Fixed discoloration of the blood clothed inside the blood vessels or gas diffused to different parts of the body.
A) Rigor mortis
B) Hyper Livility
C) Hypostatics Livility
D) Diffusion Livility
  • 25. A condition of women who have had one or more sexual experience but not had conceived a child.
A) Moral virginity
B) Physical virginity
C) Demi-virginity
D) Virgo-intacta
  • 26. A discoloration of the body after death when the blood tends to pool in the blood vessels of the most dependent portions of the body and starts 20 to 30 minutes after death and is completed by 12 hours.
A) Primary flaccidity
B) Livor mortis
C) 24 hour after death, unless the health officer allows extension
D) 48 hours death
  • 27. How many minutes is necessary persistent cessation in respiration, circulation and brain function is sufficient to declare a person clinically death?
A) 45-60 minutes
B) 10-15 minutes
C) 30-45 minutes
D) 15-30 minutes
  • 28. This is an interlacing discoloration commonly purplish brown that forms a network on the large part of the cadaver such as the chest and abdomen
A) Saponification
B) Livor mortis
C) Putrefaction
D) Carbolization
  • 29. In a tropical country, if the blood is found to be soft with the abdomen distended with gases without the presence of rigor mortis, it may have been dead for about
A) 12 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 36 hours
D) 48 hours
  • 30. Accident classified according to severity are.
A) Physical injuries and death
B) Death, property damage
C) Fatal, non fatal, property damage
D) Slight, less serious, serious physical injuries
  • 31. Dark red in color, with low oxygen concent and usually does not spill far from the wound
A) Bright red
B) Pink
C) Violet
D) yellow
  • 32. It is a type of burn caused by the application of heat or hot project.
A) Friction burn
B) Radiation burn
C) Electrical burn
D) Thermal burn
  • 33. In what year does the pubic hair of the female appears?
A) 13 years old
B) 15 years old
C) 14 years old
D) 12 years old
  • 34. Absence of genital injuries after sexual assault could be due to.
A) Limitations of the forensic examination
B) A non-resisting victim
C) All of these
D) A non- aggressive assailant
  • 35. It is the redness or congestion of the area due to an increase of blood supply as a part of the reparative mechanism.
A) Tenor
B) Dolor
C) Rubor
D) Calor
  • 36. It is the sum total of all reactions of tissue or organ to trauma, either observed micro or macroscopically.
A) Vital Infliction
B) Vital Reaction
C) Vital Infection
D) Vital Deactivation
  • 37. Wounds that caused immediately after infliction that is capable of death.
A) Mortal Wounds
B) Open Wounds
C) Closed Wounds
D) Non-Mortal Wounds
  • 38. A wound produced by sharp-edged instrument likr bolo, broken glass, etc.
A) Lacerated Wound
B) Punctured Wound
C) Stab Wound
D) Inscised Wound
  • 39. How many hours does blood remains fluid inside the blood vessel?
A) 6-8 hours
B) 5-7 hours
C) 3-4 hours
D) 1-2 hours
  • 40. A condition at which the body fluids is removed before decomposition sets in resulting to shrunkening and preservation of the dead body.
A) Maceration
B) Mummification
C) Purge
D) Saponification
  • 41. Sexual satisfaction is gained by being humiliated, hurt or beaten before the sexual act.
A) Masochism
B) Sado-masochism
C) Sadism
D) Fornication
  • 42. Physical Injury found opposite at the side of the application of the force.
A) Locus Minoris Resistancia
B) Coup Contre-Coup Injur
C) Contre-Coup Injury
D) Coup Injury
  • 43. Any person who, not falling within the provisions of Article 246 shall kill another without the attendance of any of the circumstances enumerated in the next preceding article (Article 248), Shall be deemed guilty of
A) Infanticide
B) Murder
C) Homicide
D) Parricide
  • 44. Dan a stranger killed a child of Trisha who is less than 72 hours, What crime commited by the former?
A) Murder
B) Infanticide
C) Parricide
D) Homicide
  • 45. Adrian killed his illegitimate granddaughter, lulu, 11 years old. What crime was committed?
A) Infanticide
B) Parricide
C) Murder
D) Homicide
  • 46. Personal property found on or with a dead body.
A) Must be buried or cremated with body
B) All of the above
C) Must be turned over to the police as evidence
D) Must be described and inventoried
  • 47. Deliberate and painless acceleration of death of a person usually suffering from an incurable and distressing disease.
A) Euthanasia
B) Mercy Killing
C) Passive Euthanasia
D) Active Euthanasia
  • 48. Rigor Mortis or Post Mortem Rigidity is fully developed in the body after.
A) 8 hours
B) 12 hours
C) 6 hours
D) 3 hours
  • 49. Death which results primarily from the interference with the process of respiration is called
A) Hanging
B) Suffocation
C) Strangulation
D) Asphyxia
  • 50. A wound produced by forcible contact on the body by sharp edge instrument.
A) Hematoma
B) Abrasion
C) Contusion
D) Incised Wound
  • 51. It is the act of a man in having sexual bodily connection with a woman.
A) Carnal Knowledge
B) Defloration
C) Moral Virginity
D) Virginity
  • 52. A wound where there is no breach of continuity of the skin or mucous membrane.
A) Close Wound
B) Contusion
C) Petechiae
D) Hematoma
  • 53. With the absence of powder bums, powder tattooing, and smudging, the distance of gunfire is
A) Near contact to 6 inches
B) More than 25 inches
C) More than 6 inches up to 24 inches
D) 12 inches
  • 54. When investigating a death, the following is useful.
A) Last medical history
B) Witness accounts
C) Circumstances of the death
D) All of the above
  • 55. In packaging crime scene evidence, wet evidence should be.
A) Dried at the scene and packaged in paper
B) Dried at the lab and packaged in paper
C) Dried at the lab and packaged in plastic
D) Dried at the scene and packaged in plastic
  • 56. The means, sanctioned by the rules of court, of ascertaining in a judicial proceeding the truth respecting a matter of fact.
A) Autoptic
B) Real
C) Evidence
D) Rule of Court
  • 57. Infliction of pain is necessary to gain gratification.
A) Masochism
B) Sadism
C) Oralism
D) Fetishism
  • 58. Refers to an extreme admiration for oneself
A) Pygmalionism
B) Mannikinism
C) Vampirism
D) Narcissism
  • 59. An erotic desire or actual sexual intercourse with a corpse
A) Autosexual
B) Necrophilia
C) Gerontophilia
D) Bestosexual
  • 60. Average time for the stomach to empty its contents after each meals
A) 3 to 4 hours
B) 2 to 3 hours
C) 5 to 6 hours
D) 4 to 5 hours
  • 61. Person authorized to perform autopsies.
A) All of the above
B) Health officers
C) Members of the medical staff of accredited hospitals
D) Medical officers of law enforcement agencies
  • 62. This is the second stage of death investigation that involves thorough and meticulous examination of the cadaver.
A) Post-mortem investigation
B) Exhumation
C) Autopsy
D) Crime scene investigation
  • 63. Pulverization of the body into ashes with the use of intense heat.
A) Pounding
B) Cremation
C) Charring
D) Exhumation
  • 64. Color of blood when exposed to the aumosphere.
A) Red
B) Clay
C) Reddish-brown
D) Black
  • 65. The test used to determine he presence of blood in stained material.
A) Phenolphthalein Test
B) Takayama Test
C) Barberio Test
D) Florence Test
  • 66. DNA stands for.
A) Deoxy nucleic acid
B) Deonatural acid
C) Deoxyribonucleic acid
D) Dematuralized acid
  • 67. It is a condition whereby a woman is conscious of the nature of sexual life but have not yet experience sexual intercourse.
A) Physical Virginity
B) Demi-Virginity
C) True Physical Virginity
D) False Physical Virginity
  • 68. Officer Cruz is the first responder to a burglary report. Upon arrival, he sees a broken window and a ransacked living room. To properly secure the area, he uses a roll of police line tape from his patrol car to cordon off the entire front yard and the entrance to the house. What is the primary legal and investigative purpose of this action?
A) To establish the boundaries of the crime scene to effectively preserve it.
B) To immediately begin the evidence collection process.
C) To allow the media and VIPs to observe from a safe distance.
D) To formally release the scene to the evidence custodian.
  • 69. During the investigation of a homicide, SOCO team leader, Inspector Reyes, locates a bloody knife near the victim. Before the knife is collected, what is the mandatory sequence of actions that must be performed to adhere to the "Golden Rule" of crime scene investigation?
A) The knife is photographed, measured, and its location sketched before it is touched or moved.
B) The knife is immediately collected, then photographed and measured at the evidence station.
C) The discoverer's initials are placed on the knife, and it is then turned over to the evidence custodian.
D) A chain of custody form is prepared first, followed by photography of the knife.
  • 70. SPO2 Lim is interrogating a suspect, Mario, who has been read his Miranda rights and is assisted by counsel. SPO2 Lim tells Mario, "Look, I know you're not a bad guy. Someone like you wouldn't normally do this. You were probably just desperate, right?" Which interrogation technique is SPO2 Lim employing?
A) Shifting the Blame
B) Extenuation
C) Pretense of Physical Evidence
D) Mutt and Jeff
  • 71. A witness to a robbery provides a vague description of the getaway vehicle. Investigators later locate a car matching the description and find a distinctive scratch on the bumper. To prove this specific car was used in the crime, which type of evidence would be most critical to collect and present in court?
A) Corpus Delicti
B) Associative Evidence
C) Circumstantial Evidence
D) Tracing Evidence
  • 72. During a custodial investigation, the suspect, without his counsel present, spontaneously and voluntarily confesses to the crime in front of a visiting priest. The priest later reports the confession to the police. Is this confession admissible in court?
A) Yes, because the confession was made spontaneously and voluntarily to a private person, not during a questioning by law enforcement.
B) No, because any confession made during custodial investigation requires the presence of competent and independent counsel to be admissible.
C) Yes, because the suspect's moral obligation to tell the truth to a priest outweighs the constitutional requirement for counsel.
D) No, because a priest, like a law enforcement officer, is required to give the Miranda warnings.
  • 73. In a case of illegal drug possession, the prosecution presents the sachet of shabu, the forensic chemist's report, and the testimony of the arresting officer. The defense argues that the chain of custody was broken because the evidence collector did not initial the evidence bag. To ensure the physical evidence is admissible, what must the prosecution prove regarding the article?
A) That it was the only evidence recovered from the scene.
B) That it was collected by the team leader of the SOCO.
C) That it is material and relevant to the case.
D) That it has been properly identified, and the chain of custody has been proved.
  • 74. A subject under foot surveillance suddenly stops to tie his shoelaces, using the opportunity to glance behind him. He then enters a mall, immediately leaves through a different exit, and hops into a taxi. These actions are classic examples of:
A) How to conduct surveillance of a place.
B) How to detect foot surveillance
C) Methods of shadowing.
D) Qualities of a good surveillant.
  • 75. After a high-profile kidnapping, an informant provides the location of the victim in exchange for a monetary reward. This informant, who gives information for a price, is best classified as:
A) Mercenary Informant
B) Anonymous Informant
C) Legitimate Informant
D) Double-Crosser Informant
  • 76. The police are investigating a series of commercial burglaries where the perpetrator always gains entry by prying open the same type of rear door lock with a specific tool between 2:00 AM and 4:00 AM. This distinct and repeated pattern is known as:
A) Modus Operandi (MO)
B) Associative Evidence
C) Corpus Delicti
D) Tracing Evidence
  • 77. During the preliminary survey of a crime scene, the Team Leader's responsibility is to:
A) Immediately begin the collection of all visible evidence.
B) Release the crime scene to the property owner.
C) Make a general assessment and develop a theory of the crime.
D) Take the sworn statements of all witnesses on the scene.
  • 78. To accurately document the position of a bullet casing on the floor of a large room, investigators use a method that involves measuring its distance from two perpendicular walls. This sketching method is known as:
A) Triangulation Method
B) Baseline Method
C) Compass Point Method
D) Rectangular Coordinates Method
  • 79. In a homicide case, the prosecution presents evidence that the accused was seen arguing with the victim hours before the murder, was seen near the crime scene around the time it occurred, and was found in possession of the victim's wallet. Collectively, this is an example of:
A) Direct Evidence
B) Positive Evidence
C) Circumstantial Evidence
D) Corroborative Evidence
  • 80. A suspect, during custodial investigation but without counsel, makes a self-incriminatory statement that falls short of an acknowledgment of guilt, but admits to being at the crime scene with the victim. This statement is legally considered an:
A) Confession
B) Dying Declaration
C) Excited Utterance
D) Admission
  • 81. The primary objective of crime scene photography is to:
A) Identify the suspect through artistic composition.
B) Create an accurate, objective visual record before any item is moved.
C) Create a sensational visual record for media release.
D) Serve as a substitute for a detailed crime scene sketch.
  • 82. Investigator Diaz is about to interview a key witness. According to the I.R.O.N.I.C. format, what should be his first step?
A) Allow the witness to Narrate their story without interruption.
B) Establish Rapport with the witness.
C) Make an Opening Statement on the purpose of the interview.
D) Identify himself by name, rank, and agency.
  • 83. A subject under automobile surveillance suddenly turns into a dead-end street, commits a flagrant traffic violation by running a red light, and then stops abruptly around a corner. These maneuvers are primarily intended to:
A) Comply with local traffic regulations.
B) Ensure they reach their destination on time.
C) Detect if they are under surveillance.
D) Assist the surveillants in maintaining cover.
  • 84. The "Dying Declaration" of a severely injured person is admissible as an exception to the hearsay rule. For it to be valid, which of the following must NOT be a requirement?
A) The declaration must be corroborated by at least two other witnesses.
B) The declaration concerns the cause and surrounding circumstances of the declarant's death.
C) The declarant is conscious of his impending death and has no hope of recovery.
D) The declarant's death is the subject of the inquiry.
  • 85. In the "Mutt and Jeff" interrogation technique:
A) The suspect is isolated and falsely informed that their accomplice has confessed.
B) The investigator pretends to have conclusive physical evidence.
C) Two agents play the roles of a relentless investigator and a kind-hearted one.
D) The investigator shifts the blame away from the suspect's character.
  • 86. The principle that "every contact leaves a trace," which forms the theoretical foundation of forensic science, is known as:
A) Miranda Doctrine
B) Modus Operandi
C) Corpus Delicti
D) Locard's Exchange Principle
  • 87. For a confession to be admissible in court under the Philippine Constitution, it must be:
A) Made in the presence of the victim's family.
B) Made with the assistance of competent and independent counsel.
C) Corroborated by at least one piece of physical evidence.
D) Corroborated by at least one piece of physical evidence.
  • 88. The first responder's duty to take the "dying declaration" of a severely injured person is crucial because:
A) It allows the investigator to shift from interview to interrogation immediately.
B) It replaces the need for a full crime scene investigation.
C) It is the only statement that does not require corroboration.
D) It is an opportunity to obtain a statement that may become admissible evidence if the victim dies.
  • 89. When sketching a crime scene, what element is essential to provide orientation and is typically represented by an arrow pointing upwards?
A) Legend
B) Scale
C) Title
D) Compass Direction (North)
  • 90. An undercover investigation is defined as:
A) The vigorous questioning of a reluctant suspect.
B) A search method for large, open areas.
C) A method where the investigator's official identity is concealed.
D) The secret observation of persons and places from a fixed point.
  • 91. The "Chain of Custody" refers to:
A) The number of persons who handled the evidence from collection to final disposition.
B) The legal chain required to secure an arrest warrant.
C) The hierarchy of witnesses presented in court.
D) The sequence of commands from the team leader to the evidence collector.
  • 92. In a physical line-up, the suspect is placed among a group of innocent persons. The primary purpose of this procedure is to:
A) Comply with the mandatory pre-trial publicity rule.
B) Eliminate the power of suggestion on the witness.
C) Allow the media to photograph the suspect.
D) Intimidate the suspect into confessing.
  • 93. The "Six Cardinal Points of Investigation" are designed to answer the questions:
A) Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How.
B) Who, What, When, How, Which, and Whom.
C) When, Where, Why, How, Whether, and Whom.
D) What, Why, Where, How, If, and Then.
  • 94. A "Rogues Gallery" is used for witness identification and refers to a:
A) Collection of artist sketches.
B) Library of ballistic fingerprints.
C) File of photographic images of known criminals.
D) Database of modus operandi.
  • 95. The "Bluff on a Split Pair" interrogation technique is most applicable when:
A) The suspect has already requested a lawyer.
B) There is more than one suspect.
C) The suspect is a hardened criminal.
D) There is only one suspect.
  • 96. The "Final Survey" of a crime scene is conducted to:
A) Interrogate the primary suspect in situ.
B) Brief the media on the investigation's progress.
C) Draft the final report for the prosecutor.
D) Make a final review to determine if processing is complete.
  • 97. Which of the following is a "Cultivated Source" of information for an investigator?
A) Official police databases.
B) Information from prisoners and ex-convicts.
C) Information gathered upon the investigator's own initiative from informants and vendors.
D) Government records and news items.
  • 98. A subject being shadowed drops a piece of paper to see if anyone retrieves it. This is a tactic to:
A) Dispose of incriminating evidence.
B) Detect if they are under surveillance.
C) Mark a location for a future meeting.
D) Communicate with an accomplice.
  • 99. The legal foundation for the admissibility of digital photographs in Philippine courts is primarily found in the:
A) Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials.
B) Revised Penal Code.
C) Rules on Electronic Evidence.
D) Anti-Wiretapping Law.
  • 100. The "Wheel" or "Radial" search method is most effectively applied to a crime scene that is:
A) multi-story building divided into zones.
B) A rectangular-shaped warehouse.
C) long, narrow road.
D) An approximately circular or oval open field.
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