CDI 2
  • 1. A branch of medicines which deals with the application of medical knowledge to
    arposes of Law and in the administration of justice.
A) Medical Jurisprudence
B) All of the Above
C) Legal Medicine
D) Forensic Medicine
  • 2. A physician who specialized primarily with Medico-legal duties.
A) Medical Jurist
B) All of the Above
C) Medical Examiner
D) Medico - legal Expert
  • 3. Person authorized to perform autopsies.
A) Health officers
B) all of these
C) Medical officers of law enforcement agencies
D) Member of the medical staff of accredited hospitals
  • 4. Examination of dead body through dissection carried out by a trained physician.
A) Autopsic
B) Autopsy/ Necropsy
C) Clinical Autopsy
D) Medico legal autopsy
  • 5. It is performed to identify the cause of death.
A) Autopsic
B) Autopsy/ Necropsy
C) Medico legal autopsy
D) Clinical Autopsy
  • 6. Usually the cause of death is known. It is done to confirm diagnoses for teaching and research purposes.
A) Medico-legal autopsy
B) Clinical Autopsy
C) Autoptic
D) Autopsy/Necropsy
  • 7. Branch of division of law which defines crimes, treats of their nature and provides for their punishment.
A) Special law
B) Civil Law
C) Criminal law
D) Remedial law
  • 8. Legal medicine is applicable in the following provisions of the penal code except.
A) Crimes against chastity
B) Circumstances affecting criminal liability
C) Crimes against person
D) Crimes against property
  • 9. Also known as postmortem hypostasis or postmortem lividity.
A) Flaccidity
B) Livor Mortis
C) Algor Mortis
D) Rigor Mortis
  • 10. Describes the postmortem temperature change after someone has died.
A) Rigor Mortis
B) Flaccidity
C) Algor Mortis
D) Livor Mortis
  • 11. Postmortem change resulting in stiffening of the body muscle due to chemical changes in their myofibrils.
A) Algor Mortis
B) Flaccidity
C) Rigor Mortis
D) Livor Mortis
  • 12. Body of the crime or actual commission of the crime charged.
A) Proma Facie Evidence
B) Corroborative Evidence
C) Corpus Delicti
D) Material Evidence
  • 13. What test is performed to ascertain whether the blood is human or not?
A) Precipitin test
B) Albumin test
C) Acid hematin
D) Alkaline test
  • 14. How can a prober retain evidence that is subject to deterioration, such as injuries. contusions, hematomas, and the like, in addition to medical certificates? by
A) Memories
B) Written interrogatories
C) Tape recording them
D) Photographing it
  • 15. Basic guides for the investigator to look upon are to establish the following except.
A) Identity of the suspect
B) Cordon the area
C) Method of operation's of the suspect
D) Corpus delicti or facts that crime was committed
  • 16. An injury in the substance of ths skin discoloration of the surface due to extravasition of blood. This is due to the application of a blunt instrument.
A) Hematoma
B) Punchured
C) Abrasion
D) Contusion
  • 17. The extravasation of blood in the newly formed cavity.
A) Contusion
B) Hematoma
C) Abrasion
D) Punchured wound
  • 18. An open wound characterized by the removal of the epithelial layer of the skin brought about by the friction against hard, rough objects.
A) Punctured wound
B) Abrasion
C) Contusion
D) Hematoma
  • 19. The penetration of the sharp pointed weapon.
A) Hematoma
B) Abrasion
C) Punctured wound
D) Contusion
  • 20. Involves the use of weapons such as firearm, a knife or other dangerous weapons.
A) Arrest
B) Robbery
C) Armed Robbery
D) Homicide
  • 21. When badly is what ergo in water, here is very ile change if water is cold for the
A) Abdomen distended, skin of hands and feet come off with the nails like a glove
B) Skin wrinkled, scrotum, and penis distended with gas, nails and hair still intact
C) The face appears softened
D) Skin on the hands and feet become swollen and bleached
  • 22. A wound that is produced as a result of a sharp edged instrument under an eminent danger and act of restoring of one’s safety.
A) Justifying circumstances
B) Incised wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Defense wound
  • 23. A physical injury wherein the offended victim is incapacitated for work ore required medical assistance for 10days or more but not more than 30 days.
A) Less serious physical injury
B) Serious physical injury
C) Mutilation
D) Slight physical injury
  • 24. Fixed discoloration of the blood clothed inside the blood vessels or gas diffused to different parts of the body.
A) Rigor mortis
B) Hyper Livility
C) Diffusion Livility
D) Hypostatics Livility
  • 25. A condition of women who have had one or more sexual experience but not had conceived a child.
A) Demi-virginity
B) Moral virginity
C) Virgo-intacta
D) Physical virginity
  • 26. A discoloration of the body after death when the blood tends to pool in the blood vessels of the most dependent portions of the body and starts 20 to 30 minutes after death and is completed by 12 hours.
A) 48 hours death
B) Livor mortis
C) 24 hour after death, unless the health officer allows extension
D) Primary flaccidity
  • 27. How many minutes is necessary persistent cessation in respiration, circulation and brain function is sufficient to declare a person clinically death?
A) 30-45 minutes
B) 45-60 minutes
C) 10-15 minutes
D) 15-30 minutes
  • 28. This is an interlacing discoloration commonly purplish brown that forms a network on the large part of the cadaver such as the chest and abdomen
A) Carbolization
B) Putrefaction
C) Saponification
D) Livor mortis
  • 29. In a tropical country, if the blood is found to be soft with the abdomen distended with gases without the presence of rigor mortis, it may have been dead for about
A) 48 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 12 hours
D) 36 hours
  • 30. Accident classified according to severity are.
A) Slight, less serious, serious physical injuries
B) Fatal, non fatal, property damage
C) Physical injuries and death
D) Death, property damage
  • 31. Dark red in color, with low oxygen concent and usually does not spill far from the wound
A) yellow
B) Pink
C) Violet
D) Bright red
  • 32. It is a type of burn caused by the application of heat or hot project.
A) Thermal burn
B) Electrical burn
C) Friction burn
D) Radiation burn
  • 33. In what year does the pubic hair of the female appears?
A) 15 years old
B) 13 years old
C) 14 years old
D) 12 years old
  • 34. Absence of genital injuries after sexual assault could be due to.
A) A non- aggressive assailant
B) A non-resisting victim
C) Limitations of the forensic examination
D) All of these
  • 35. It is the redness or congestion of the area due to an increase of blood supply as a part of the reparative mechanism.
A) Tenor
B) Rubor
C) Calor
D) Dolor
  • 36. It is the sum total of all reactions of tissue or organ to trauma, either observed micro or macroscopically.
A) Vital Infection
B) Vital Reaction
C) Vital Infliction
D) Vital Deactivation
  • 37. Wounds that caused immediately after infliction that is capable of death.
A) Open Wounds
B) Closed Wounds
C) Mortal Wounds
D) Non-Mortal Wounds
  • 38. A wound produced by sharp-edged instrument likr bolo, broken glass, etc.
A) Punctured Wound
B) Stab Wound
C) Lacerated Wound
D) Inscised Wound
  • 39. How many hours does blood remains fluid inside the blood vessel?
A) 6-8 hours
B) 3-4 hours
C) 5-7 hours
D) 1-2 hours
  • 40. A condition at which the body fluids is removed before decomposition sets in resulting to shrunkening and preservation of the dead body.
A) Maceration
B) Purge
C) Mummification
D) Saponification
  • 41. Sexual satisfaction is gained by being humiliated, hurt or beaten before the sexual act.
A) Sado-masochism
B) Sadism
C) Fornication
D) Masochism
  • 42. Physical Injury found opposite at the side of the application of the force.
A) Locus Minoris Resistancia
B) Contre-Coup Injury
C) Coup Injury
D) Coup Contre-Coup Injur
  • 43. Any person who, not falling within the provisions of Article 246 shall kill another without the attendance of any of the circumstances enumerated in the next preceding article (Article 248), Shall be deemed guilty of
A) Infanticide
B) Parricide
C) Homicide
D) Murder
  • 44. Dan a stranger killed a child of Trisha who is less than 72 hours, What crime commited by the former?
A) Infanticide
B) Murder
C) Parricide
D) Homicide
  • 45. Adrian killed his illegitimate granddaughter, lulu, 11 years old. What crime was committed?
A) Murder
B) Homicide
C) Infanticide
D) Parricide
  • 46. Personal property found on or with a dead body.
A) All of the above
B) Must be turned over to the police as evidence
C) Must be described and inventoried
D) Must be buried or cremated with body
  • 47. Deliberate and painless acceleration of death of a person usually suffering from an incurable and distressing disease.
A) Active Euthanasia
B) Passive Euthanasia
C) Euthanasia
D) Mercy Killing
  • 48. Rigor Mortis or Post Mortem Rigidity is fully developed in the body after.
A) 8 hours
B) 6 hours
C) 3 hours
D) 12 hours
  • 49. Death which results primarily from the interference with the process of respiration is called
A) Asphyxia
B) Hanging
C) Suffocation
D) Strangulation
  • 50. A wound produced by forcible contact on the body by sharp edge instrument.
A) Hematoma
B) Incised Wound
C) Contusion
D) Abrasion
  • 51. It is the act of a man in having sexual bodily connection with a woman.
A) Virginity
B) Carnal Knowledge
C) Defloration
D) Moral Virginity
  • 52. A wound where there is no breach of continuity of the skin or mucous membrane.
A) Hematoma
B) Close Wound
C) Petechiae
D) Contusion
  • 53. With the absence of powder bums, powder tattooing, and smudging, the distance of gunfire is
A) More than 25 inches
B) More than 6 inches up to 24 inches
C) 12 inches
D) Near contact to 6 inches
  • 54. When investigating a death, the following is useful.
A) Circumstances of the death
B) All of the above
C) Last medical history
D) Witness accounts
  • 55. In packaging crime scene evidence, wet evidence should be.
A) Dried at the lab and packaged in plastic
B) Dried at the scene and packaged in paper
C) Dried at the scene and packaged in plastic
D) Dried at the lab and packaged in paper
  • 56. The means, sanctioned by the rules of court, of ascertaining in a judicial proceeding the truth respecting a matter of fact.
A) Evidence
B) Autoptic
C) Rule of Court
D) Real
  • 57. Infliction of pain is necessary to gain gratification.
A) Masochism
B) Sadism
C) Fetishism
D) Oralism
  • 58. Refers to an extreme admiration for oneself
A) Mannikinism
B) Narcissism
C) Vampirism
D) Pygmalionism
  • 59. An erotic desire or actual sexual intercourse with a corpse
A) Necrophilia
B) Bestosexual
C) Gerontophilia
D) Autosexual
  • 60. Average time for the stomach to empty its contents after each meals
A) 4 to 5 hours
B) 3 to 4 hours
C) 5 to 6 hours
D) 2 to 3 hours
  • 61. Person authorized to perform autopsies.
A) Members of the medical staff of accredited hospitals
B) All of the above
C) Medical officers of law enforcement agencies
D) Health officers
  • 62. This is the second stage of death investigation that involves thorough and meticulous examination of the cadaver.
A) Post-mortem investigation
B) Autopsy
C) Crime scene investigation
D) Exhumation
  • 63. Pulverization of the body into ashes with the use of intense heat.
A) Cremation
B) Exhumation
C) Charring
D) Pounding
  • 64. Color of blood when exposed to the aumosphere.
A) Red
B) Reddish-brown
C) Black
D) Clay
  • 65. The test used to determine he presence of blood in stained material.
A) Phenolphthalein Test
B) Takayama Test
C) Barberio Test
D) Florence Test
  • 66. DNA stands for.
A) Deoxy nucleic acid
B) Deoxyribonucleic acid
C) Deonatural acid
D) Dematuralized acid
  • 67. It is a condition whereby a woman is conscious of the nature of sexual life but have not yet experience sexual intercourse.
A) True Physical Virginity
B) Physical Virginity
C) False Physical Virginity
D) Demi-Virginity
  • 68. Officer Cruz is the first responder to a burglary report. Upon arrival, he sees a broken window and a ransacked living room. To properly secure the area, he uses a roll of police line tape from his patrol car to cordon off the entire front yard and the entrance to the house. What is the primary legal and investigative purpose of this action?
A) To establish the boundaries of the crime scene to effectively preserve it.
B) To allow the media and VIPs to observe from a safe distance.
C) To immediately begin the evidence collection process.
D) To formally release the scene to the evidence custodian.
  • 69. During the investigation of a homicide, SOCO team leader, Inspector Reyes, locates a bloody knife near the victim. Before the knife is collected, what is the mandatory sequence of actions that must be performed to adhere to the "Golden Rule" of crime scene investigation?
A) The knife is photographed, measured, and its location sketched before it is touched or moved.
B) The knife is immediately collected, then photographed and measured at the evidence station.
C) A chain of custody form is prepared first, followed by photography of the knife.
D) The discoverer's initials are placed on the knife, and it is then turned over to the evidence custodian.
  • 70. SPO2 Lim is interrogating a suspect, Mario, who has been read his Miranda rights and is assisted by counsel. SPO2 Lim tells Mario, "Look, I know you're not a bad guy. Someone like you wouldn't normally do this. You were probably just desperate, right?" Which interrogation technique is SPO2 Lim employing?
A) Pretense of Physical Evidence
B) Shifting the Blame
C) Extenuation
D) Mutt and Jeff
  • 71. A witness to a robbery provides a vague description of the getaway vehicle. Investigators later locate a car matching the description and find a distinctive scratch on the bumper. To prove this specific car was used in the crime, which type of evidence would be most critical to collect and present in court?
A) Circumstantial Evidence
B) Corpus Delicti
C) Tracing Evidence
D) Associative Evidence
  • 72. During a custodial investigation, the suspect, without his counsel present, spontaneously and voluntarily confesses to the crime in front of a visiting priest. The priest later reports the confession to the police. Is this confession admissible in court?
A) No, because any confession made during custodial investigation requires the presence of competent and independent counsel to be admissible.
B) Yes, because the suspect's moral obligation to tell the truth to a priest outweighs the constitutional requirement for counsel.
C) Yes, because the confession was made spontaneously and voluntarily to a private person, not during a questioning by law enforcement.
D) No, because a priest, like a law enforcement officer, is required to give the Miranda warnings.
  • 73. In a case of illegal drug possession, the prosecution presents the sachet of shabu, the forensic chemist's report, and the testimony of the arresting officer. The defense argues that the chain of custody was broken because the evidence collector did not initial the evidence bag. To ensure the physical evidence is admissible, what must the prosecution prove regarding the article?
A) That it was collected by the team leader of the SOCO.
B) That it is material and relevant to the case.
C) That it was the only evidence recovered from the scene.
D) That it has been properly identified, and the chain of custody has been proved.
  • 74. A subject under foot surveillance suddenly stops to tie his shoelaces, using the opportunity to glance behind him. He then enters a mall, immediately leaves through a different exit, and hops into a taxi. These actions are classic examples of:
A) How to detect foot surveillance
B) Methods of shadowing.
C) Qualities of a good surveillant.
D) How to conduct surveillance of a place.
  • 75. After a high-profile kidnapping, an informant provides the location of the victim in exchange for a monetary reward. This informant, who gives information for a price, is best classified as:
A) Double-Crosser Informant
B) Anonymous Informant
C) Legitimate Informant
D) Mercenary Informant
  • 76. The police are investigating a series of commercial burglaries where the perpetrator always gains entry by prying open the same type of rear door lock with a specific tool between 2:00 AM and 4:00 AM. This distinct and repeated pattern is known as:
A) Tracing Evidence
B) Modus Operandi (MO)
C) Associative Evidence
D) Corpus Delicti
  • 77. During the preliminary survey of a crime scene, the Team Leader's responsibility is to:
A) Make a general assessment and develop a theory of the crime.
B) Release the crime scene to the property owner.
C) Take the sworn statements of all witnesses on the scene.
D) Immediately begin the collection of all visible evidence.
  • 78. To accurately document the position of a bullet casing on the floor of a large room, investigators use a method that involves measuring its distance from two perpendicular walls. This sketching method is known as:
A) Triangulation Method
B) Rectangular Coordinates Method
C) Compass Point Method
D) Baseline Method
  • 79. In a homicide case, the prosecution presents evidence that the accused was seen arguing with the victim hours before the murder, was seen near the crime scene around the time it occurred, and was found in possession of the victim's wallet. Collectively, this is an example of:
A) Circumstantial Evidence
B) Corroborative Evidence
C) Direct Evidence
D) Positive Evidence
  • 80. A suspect, during custodial investigation but without counsel, makes a self-incriminatory statement that falls short of an acknowledgment of guilt, but admits to being at the crime scene with the victim. This statement is legally considered an:
A) Admission
B) Dying Declaration
C) Excited Utterance
D) Confession
  • 81. The primary objective of crime scene photography is to:
A) Identify the suspect through artistic composition.
B) Serve as a substitute for a detailed crime scene sketch.
C) Create an accurate, objective visual record before any item is moved.
D) Create a sensational visual record for media release.
  • 82. Investigator Diaz is about to interview a key witness. According to the I.R.O.N.I.C. format, what should be his first step?
A) Make an Opening Statement on the purpose of the interview.
B) Identify himself by name, rank, and agency.
C) Establish Rapport with the witness.
D) Allow the witness to Narrate their story without interruption.
  • 83. A subject under automobile surveillance suddenly turns into a dead-end street, commits a flagrant traffic violation by running a red light, and then stops abruptly around a corner. These maneuvers are primarily intended to:
A) Assist the surveillants in maintaining cover.
B) Comply with local traffic regulations.
C) Detect if they are under surveillance.
D) Ensure they reach their destination on time.
  • 84. The "Dying Declaration" of a severely injured person is admissible as an exception to the hearsay rule. For it to be valid, which of the following must NOT be a requirement?
A) The declarant is conscious of his impending death and has no hope of recovery.
B) The declaration must be corroborated by at least two other witnesses.
C) The declarant's death is the subject of the inquiry.
D) The declaration concerns the cause and surrounding circumstances of the declarant's death.
  • 85. In the "Mutt and Jeff" interrogation technique:
A) The investigator pretends to have conclusive physical evidence.
B) The investigator shifts the blame away from the suspect's character.
C) Two agents play the roles of a relentless investigator and a kind-hearted one.
D) The suspect is isolated and falsely informed that their accomplice has confessed.
  • 86. The principle that "every contact leaves a trace," which forms the theoretical foundation of forensic science, is known as:
A) Modus Operandi
B) Miranda Doctrine
C) Locard's Exchange Principle
D) Corpus Delicti
  • 87. For a confession to be admissible in court under the Philippine Constitution, it must be:
A) Made in the presence of the victim's family.
B) Corroborated by at least one piece of physical evidence.
C) Made with the assistance of competent and independent counsel.
D) Corroborated by at least one piece of physical evidence.
  • 88. The first responder's duty to take the "dying declaration" of a severely injured person is crucial because:
A) It replaces the need for a full crime scene investigation.
B) It allows the investigator to shift from interview to interrogation immediately.
C) It is the only statement that does not require corroboration.
D) It is an opportunity to obtain a statement that may become admissible evidence if the victim dies.
  • 89. When sketching a crime scene, what element is essential to provide orientation and is typically represented by an arrow pointing upwards?
A) Scale
B) Compass Direction (North)
C) Legend
D) Title
  • 90. An undercover investigation is defined as:
A) The vigorous questioning of a reluctant suspect.
B) A search method for large, open areas.
C) The secret observation of persons and places from a fixed point.
D) A method where the investigator's official identity is concealed.
  • 91. The "Chain of Custody" refers to:
A) The sequence of commands from the team leader to the evidence collector.
B) The legal chain required to secure an arrest warrant.
C) The hierarchy of witnesses presented in court.
D) The number of persons who handled the evidence from collection to final disposition.
  • 92. In a physical line-up, the suspect is placed among a group of innocent persons. The primary purpose of this procedure is to:
A) Comply with the mandatory pre-trial publicity rule.
B) Intimidate the suspect into confessing.
C) Eliminate the power of suggestion on the witness.
D) Allow the media to photograph the suspect.
  • 93. The "Six Cardinal Points of Investigation" are designed to answer the questions:
A) Who, What, When, How, Which, and Whom.
B) When, Where, Why, How, Whether, and Whom.
C) Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How.
D) What, Why, Where, How, If, and Then.
  • 94. A "Rogues Gallery" is used for witness identification and refers to a:
A) Library of ballistic fingerprints.
B) File of photographic images of known criminals.
C) Database of modus operandi.
D) Collection of artist sketches.
  • 95. The "Bluff on a Split Pair" interrogation technique is most applicable when:
A) There is more than one suspect.
B) The suspect has already requested a lawyer.
C) There is only one suspect.
D) The suspect is a hardened criminal.
  • 96. The "Final Survey" of a crime scene is conducted to:
A) Make a final review to determine if processing is complete.
B) Draft the final report for the prosecutor.
C) Brief the media on the investigation's progress.
D) Interrogate the primary suspect in situ.
  • 97. Which of the following is a "Cultivated Source" of information for an investigator?
A) Information from prisoners and ex-convicts.
B) Official police databases.
C) Government records and news items.
D) Information gathered upon the investigator's own initiative from informants and vendors.
  • 98. A subject being shadowed drops a piece of paper to see if anyone retrieves it. This is a tactic to:
A) Dispose of incriminating evidence.
B) Mark a location for a future meeting.
C) Communicate with an accomplice.
D) Detect if they are under surveillance.
  • 99. The legal foundation for the admissibility of digital photographs in Philippine courts is primarily found in the:
A) Revised Penal Code.
B) Anti-Wiretapping Law.
C) Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials.
D) Rules on Electronic Evidence.
  • 100. The "Wheel" or "Radial" search method is most effectively applied to a crime scene that is:
A) A rectangular-shaped warehouse.
B) multi-story building divided into zones.
C) An approximately circular or oval open field.
D) long, narrow road.
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