Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective

1. Which country is often cited as a case of late industrialization?

A) Japan.
B) United States.
C) Germany.
D) Russia.

2. In historical terms, which region is often associated with prolonged economic backwardness?

A) Sub-Saharan Africa.
B) North America.
C) Western Europe.
D) East Asia.

3. Which historical event marked a significant shift towards industrialization for many European countries?

A) The Cold War.
B) The Industrial Revolution.
C) World War I.
D) The French Revolution.

4. Which country is often cited as an example of successful late industrialization?

A) India.
B) United Kingdom.
C) South Korea.
D) Italy.

5. What is an essential feature of 'catch-up' growth?

A) Only focusing on agriculture.
B) Total isolation from global markets.
C) Rejection of foreign ideas.
D) Adoption of existing technologies.

6. Which economic policy is likely to encourage development in backward economies?

A) Encouraging emigration of skilled workers.
B) Maintaining high tariffs on imports.
C) Investment in education and infrastructure.
D) Reducing state involvement in the economy.

7. Which approach argues that backwardness is primarily due to cultural factors?

A) Economic liberalism.
B) Structuralism.
C) Cultural determinism.
D) Historical materialism.

8. Which theory focuses on the role of institutions in economic development?

A) New Institutional Economics.
B) Neoclassical Economics.
C) Marxian Economics.
D) Classical Economics.

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