Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective

1. Which country is often cited as a case of late industrialization?

A) Germany.
B) United States.
C) Japan.
D) Russia.

2. In historical terms, which region is often associated with prolonged economic backwardness?

A) Sub-Saharan Africa.
B) East Asia.
C) Western Europe.
D) North America.

3. Which historical event marked a significant shift towards industrialization for many European countries?

A) The Industrial Revolution.
B) The French Revolution.
C) The Cold War.
D) World War I.

4. Which country is often cited as an example of successful late industrialization?

A) United Kingdom.
B) Italy.
C) India.
D) South Korea.

5. What is an essential feature of 'catch-up' growth?

A) Only focusing on agriculture.
B) Adoption of existing technologies.
C) Total isolation from global markets.
D) Rejection of foreign ideas.

6. Which economic policy is likely to encourage development in backward economies?

A) Reducing state involvement in the economy.
B) Maintaining high tariffs on imports.
C) Investment in education and infrastructure.
D) Encouraging emigration of skilled workers.

7. Which approach argues that backwardness is primarily due to cultural factors?

A) Historical materialism.
B) Economic liberalism.
C) Structuralism.
D) Cultural determinism.

8. Which theory focuses on the role of institutions in economic development?

A) New Institutional Economics.
B) Classical Economics.
C) Neoclassical Economics.
D) Marxian Economics.

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