Peloponnesian War - Quiz
Peloponnesian War
  • 1. Who is the primary historical source for most of the Peloponnesian War?
A) Thucydides
B) Plutarch
C) Diodorus Siculus
D) Xenophon
  • 2. In what year was Thucydides exiled from Athens?
A) 423 BC
B) 450 BC
C) 411 BC
D) 400 BC
  • 3. When does Thucydides' historical account end?
A) 431 BC
B) 404 BC
C) 411 BC
D) 423 BC
  • 4. Which author continued Thucydides' account in the first book of 'Hellenica'?
A) Xenophon
B) Ephorus
C) Diodorus Siculus
D) Plutarch
  • 5. Diodorus Siculus' account is believed to be based on the lost work of which historian?
A) Xenophon
B) Thucydides
C) Ephorus
D) Plutarch
  • 6. How many major commanders did Plutarch write biographies for in 'Parallel Lives'?
A) Four
B) Six
C) Two
D) Eight
  • 7. What is the primary focus of Plutarch's biographies?
A) Military tactics
B) Religious rituals
C) Economic policy
D) Character and morality
  • 8. Which Athenian playwright wrote comedic plays set during the war?
A) Ephorus
B) Aristophanes
C) Xenophon
D) Thucydides
  • 9. What is considered a limitation of Thucydides' speeches within his history?
A) They were written by his enemies
B) They are his own interpretations
C) They are too brief
D) They are completely fabricated
  • 10. Where did Thucydides settle after his exile?
A) Sparta
B) The Peloponnese
C) Asia Minor
D) Persia
  • 11. Which two artworks are mentioned as providing insight into civilian life during the war?
A) Erechtheion temple and Grave Stele of Hegeso
B) Walls of Amphipolis and grave of Brasidas
C) Hellenica and Parallel Lives
D) Peace and Lysistrata
  • 12. When was Diodorus Siculus' 'Bibliotheca historica' written?
A) First century BC
B) Fourth century BC
C) First century AD
D) Fifth century BC
  • 13. How long after the war ended did Xenophon write 'Hellenica'?
A) 100 years after
B) Immediately after
C) 10 years after
D) About 40 years
  • 14. What is the status of the historical value of Aristophanes' plays?
A) The main historical source
B) Little historical value
C) Highly accurate
D) Primary evidence for military strategy
  • 15. Who led the alliance opposing the Athenian-led Delian League?
A) Sparta
B) Persia
C) Argos
D) Thebes
  • 16. Which empire intervened in 413 BC to support Sparta?
A) Macedonian Empire
B) Egyptian Empire
C) Persian Empire
D) Roman Empire
  • 17. What was the initial phase of the Peloponnesian War called?
A) Ionian War
B) Archidamian War
C) Argive War
D) Decelean War
  • 18. Which Spartan king invaded Attica in 431 BC?
A) Leonidas
B) Archidamus II
C) Lysander
D) Pausanias
  • 19. Which city-state defeated Athens at Delium in 424 BC?
A) Argos
B) Thebes
C) Sparta
D) Syracuse
  • 20. What was the second phase of the war called?
A) Ionian War
B) Decelean War
C) Archidamian War
D) Argive War
  • 21. Where was the Argive alliance defeated in 418 BC?
A) Sphacteria
B) Delium
C) Mantinea
D) Aegospotami
  • 22. What was the target of the Athenian expedition between 415 and 413 BC?
A) Sparta
B) Syracuse
C) Argos
D) Thebes
  • 23. What final phase of the war began in 413 BC?
A) Peloponnesian War
B) Decelean War
C) Archidamian War
D) Argive War
  • 24. Who led the Spartan fleet that broke Athens's naval superiority?
A) Archidamus II
B) Pericles
C) Lysander
D) Brasidas
  • 25. Which decisive battle in 405 BC led to the fall of Athens?
A) Aegospotami
B) Delium
C) Sphacteria
D) Mantinea
  • 26. What was the name of the Spartan-style oligarchy installed in Athens?
A) The Delian League
B) The Peloponnesian Council
C) The Council of Five Hundred
D) Thirty Tyrants
  • 27. What war allowed Athens to regain its independence a decade after the Peloponnesian War?
A) Argive War
B) Archidamian War
C) Corinthian War
D) Ionian War
  • 28. How did the nature of Greek warfare change due to the war?
A) It transformed into total war
B) It focused on naval battles only
C) It relied solely on mercenaries
D) It became more formalised
  • 29. What was the primary political division between the two alliances?
A) Imperialism versus isolationism
B) Democracy versus oligarchy
C) Theocracy versus secularism
D) Monarchy versus republic
  • 30. Where was the treasury of the Delian League kept?
A) Athens
B) Delos
C) Sparta
D) Corinth
  • 31. What is the name for the period of 50 years before the war described by Thucydides?
A) Pentecontaetia
B) The Greco-Persian Era
C) The Delian Century
D) The Spartan Hegemony
  • 32. Why did Sparta ask Athens not to reconstruct their walls after the Persians left?
A) To keep Athens vulnerable to land attack
B) To prevent Athens from becoming a naval power
C) Because the walls were built on Spartan territory
D) To preserve the architectural beauty of Greece
  • 33. Where did Athens settle the rebellious helots after they surrendered?
A) Delos
B) Naupaktos
C) Megara
D) Attica
  • 34. Which city did Athens form an alliance with in 459 BC to gain a foothold on the Isthmus of Corinth?
A) Aegina
B) Persia
C) Boeotia
D) Megara
  • 35. How did Athens fund its powerful fleet and massive public works?
A) Through tributes from subject states in the Delian League
B) By selling land on the island of Delos
C) Through donations from the Persian Empire
D) By taxing Spartan trade
  • 36. What was the result of the Second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC?
A) Athens led a coalition to continue attacks on Persia
B) Sparta completely destroyed Athens
C) The Delian League was immediately disbanded
D) Athens became a vassal of the Persian Empire
  • 37. In 440 BC, which powerful ally of Athens rebelled, testing the Thirty Years' Peace?
A) Corcyra
B) Corinth
C) Samos
D) Potidaea
  • 38. Which city-state was notably opposed to intervening against Athens during the crisis with Samos?
A) Corinth
B) Thebes
C) Sparta
D) Megara
  • 39. Which sea power, not allied to either Sparta or Athens, defeated Corinth in a naval conflict?
A) Samos
B) Corcyra
C) Potidaea
D) Amphipolis
  • 40. What decree imposed trade sanctions on Megarian citizens in 433/2 BC?
A) Archidamian Proclamation
B) Megarian decree
C) Funeral Oration
D) Thirty Years' Peace
  • 41. Who was the hawkish ephor whose opinion prevailed in the Spartan assembly to declare war?
A) Archidamus II
B) Pericles
C) Sthenelaidas
D) Cleon
  • 42. What did the citizens of Attica do to protect themselves during Spartan invasions?
A) Moved inside the Long Walls
B) Fled to the islands
C) Hid in the mountains
D) Surrendered their farms
  • 43. What disaster struck Athens in 430 BC, killing Pericles and many others?
A) An earthquake
B) A plague
C) An enemy siege breach
D) A massive famine
  • 44. Who was the Athenian general responsible for the initial defensive strategy of the war?
A) Demosthenes
B) Cleon
C) Thucydides
D) Pericles
  • 45. Which Athenian leader rose to power after Pericles, representing the hawkish, aggressive faction?
A) Brasidas
B) Archidamus II
C) Demosthenes
D) Cleon
  • 46. At which location did the Athenians fortify a post that exploited Spartan fear of helot revolts?
A) Potidaea
B) Pylos
C) Samos
D) Amphipolis
  • 47. What was the name of the island where Spartan soldiers were trapped by Athenian forces?
A) Corcyra
B) Sphacteria
C) Attica
D) Samos
  • 48. Which Spartan general marched to Thrace and captured the colony of Amphipolis?
A) Brasidas
B) Sthenelaidas
C) Demosthenes
D) Archidamus II
  • 49. What economic resource made Amphipolis highly valuable to Athens?
A) Silver mines
B) Shipbuilding timber
C) Grain supply
D) Gold deposits
  • 50. What was the final outcome for both Cleon and Brasidas at the Battle of Amphipolis?
A) Both survived and signed a treaty
B) Both were killed
C) Both were exiled
D) Cleon was captured, Brasidas was killed
  • 51. What was the result of the Battle of Mantinea?
A) A complete victory for the Spartans
B) A draw with no clear winner
C) A decisive victory for the Athenians
D) A total collapse of the Peloponnesian League
  • 52. Which ethnicity were the people of Syracuse?
A) Arcadian
B) Ionian
C) Argive
D) Dorian
  • 53. Who was the primary leader who encouraged the Sicilian Expedition?
A) Demosthenes
B) Nicias
C) Gylippus
D) Alcibiades
  • 54. What crime was Alcibiades charged with before the departure to Sicily?
A) Failure to follow military orders
B) Treason against Athens
C) Embezzlement of state funds
D) Mutilating religious statues
  • 55. Who was sent by Sparta to assist Syracuse?
A) Gylippus
B) Brasidas
C) Agis
D) Nicias
  • 56. What caused the final delay in the Athenian retreat from Syracuse?
A) A lack of supplies
B) A storm at sea
C) A lunar eclipse
D) A disagreement between Nicias and Demosthenes
  • 57. Approximately how many Athenian slaves were freed at Decelea?
A) 20,000
B) 5,000
C) 400
D) 100
  • 58. How many ships did the Athenians keep in reserve for last-resort situations?
A) 400
B) 100
C) 20,000
D) 5,000
  • 59. What kind of revolution occurred in Athens in 411 BC?
A) Theocratic
B) Monarchical
C) Democratic
D) Oligarchical
  • 60. Which battle took place in 410 BC where the Athenians obliterated the Spartan fleet?
A) Decelea
B) Syracuse
C) Syme
D) Cyzicus
  • 61. Why were the Athenians able to survive after the Sicilian disaster?
A) They had an unlimited emergency treasury
B) Their foes lacked initiative
C) The Spartan fleet was destroyed by a storm
D) They received help from the Persians
  • 62. What was the size of the emergency treasury in talents before it began to dwindle?
A) 20,000
B) 5,000
C) 1,000
D) 100
  • 63. What happened to the Ionian states that rebelled against Athens?
A) They became independent city-states
B) Many rejoined the Athenian side
C) They were destroyed by the Spartans
D) They formed a permanent alliance with Persia
  • 64. What region did Persia reconquer in 412 BC?
A) The Peloponnese
B) Thrace
C) Attica
D) Ionia
  • 65. Which satrap helped fund the Peloponnesian fleet?
A) Darius II
B) Pharnabazus
C) Amorges
D) Tissaphernes
  • 66. Why was Tissaphernes hesitant to take direct action against the Greeks?
A) He was overthrown by Pharnabazus
B) He was loyal to Athens
C) He lacked funds
D) He preferred perfidious negotiations
  • 67. What was the region governed by Pharnabazus?
A) Ionia
B) Hellespontic Phrygia
C) Lydia
D) Caria
  • 68. Which rebel did Athens support in Caria in 413 BC?
A) Darius II
B) Alcibiades
C) Amorges
D) Tissaphernes
  • 69. Which Persian prince was sent to Asia Minor to support the Spartans?
A) Darius I
B) Cyrus the Younger
C) Xerxes
D) Artaxerxes II
  • 70. What title was given to Cyrus the Younger in his role as general commander?
A) Basileus
B) Strategos
C) Satrap
D) Karanos
  • 71. Which naval battle in 406 BC led to the decline of Alcibiades in Athens?
A) Arginusae
B) Salamis
C) Notium
D) Aegospotami
  • 72. How many Spartan ships were lost at the Battle of Arginusae?
A) 168
B) 25
C) 70
D) 12
  • 73. What was the outcome for the six Athenian naval commanders following the Battle of Arginusae?
A) Exile
B) Execution
C) Imprisonment
D) Promotion
  • 74. Who was the Athenian general who fled to Cyprus after Aegospotami?
A) Alcibiades
B) Lysander
C) Conon
D) Callicratidas
  • 75. Who led the movement to restore democracy in Athens in 403 BC?
A) Philip II
B) Thrasybulus
C) Cyrus the Younger
D) Alexander the Great
  • 76. What happened on 12 March 1996 regarding Athens and Sparta?
A) A symbolic peace treaty was signed by the mayors
B) The cities officially reunited under one government
C) A new war was declared between the two
D) The ruins of the war were officially excavated
  • 77. Who is the author of 'The Peloponnesian War', a one-volume version of an earlier tetralogy?
A) Donald Kagan
B) George Cawkwell
C) Victor Davis Hanson
D) Nigel Bagnall
  • 78. Which work by Aristophanes is associated with the Peloponnesian War?
A) The Frogs
B) The Wasps
C) The Clouds
D) Lysistrata
  • 79. Which author wrote 'A War Like No Other: How the Athenians and Spartans Fought the Peloponnesian War'?
A) Godfrey Hutchinson
B) Jennifer T. Roberts
C) Donald Kagan
D) Victor Davis Hanson
  • 80. Who authored the book titled 'The Plague of War: Athens, Sparta, and the Struggle for Ancient Greece'?
A) Lisa Kallet
B) Jennifer T. Roberts
C) Godfrey Hutchinson
D) Nigel Bagnall
  • 81. Which author wrote 'Money and the Corrosion of Power in Thucydides'?
A) Herbert Heftner
B) Lisa Kallet
C) George Cawkwell
D) Donald Kagan
  • 82. Who wrote 'Attrition: Aspects of Command in the Peloponnesian War'?
A) J. E. Lendon
B) Nigel Bagnall
C) Godfrey Hutchinson
D) Victor Davis Hanson
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