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Evolutionary Biology
  • 1. Evolutionary biology is a scientific discipline that explores the processes underlying the diversity of life on Earth. It involves studying how organisms change over time through genetic variation, natural selection, and other mechanisms such as genetic drift and gene flow. By examining the patterns and mechanisms of evolution, evolutionary biologists seek to understand the history of life on our planet, as well as predict how species may adapt to changing environments in the future. Evolutionary biology provides insights into the interconnectedness of all living things and helps us appreciate the remarkable adaptations that have allowed life to persist and thrive in a constantly changing world.

    What is natural selection?
A) The change in an organism due to artificial breeding.
B) The process of organisms adapting to their environment.
C) The process of identical organisms competing for resources.
D) Process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
  • 2. Who is considered the 'father of evolution'?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Alfred Russel Wallace
C) Gregor Mendel
D) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
  • 3. Which term describes the process by which unrelated species evolve similar traits?
A) Adaptive radiation
B) Convergent evolution
C) Co-evolution
D) Divergent evolution
  • 4. What is a gene pool?
A) The collection of all genes in an organism.
B) The total genetic diversity found within a population.
C) The sum total of all genetic mutations in a species.
D) The genetic makeup of an individual.
  • 5. Which scientist proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium as a model of evolution?
A) Richard Dawkins
B) James Hutton
C) Peter and Rosemary Grant
D) Stephen Jay Gould
  • 6. Which type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of a trait's range?
A) Directional selection
B) Stabilizing selection
C) Disruptive selection
D) Sexual selection
  • 7. What is the name of the process by which a new species originates?
A) Evolution
B) Adaptation
C) Mutation
D) Speciation
  • 8. Which scientist proposed the theory of natural selection independently of Charles Darwin?
A) Thomas Malthus
B) Alfred Russel Wallace
C) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
D) Ernst Mayr
  • 9. What does the term 'allele frequency' refer to?
A) The proportion of a specific allele in a population.
B) The number of chromosomes in an organism.
C) The rate at which mutations occur in a species.
D) The total number of genes in an individual.
  • 10. Which process involves the movement of genes between populations?
A) Gene flow
B) Genetic drift
C) Disruptive selection
D) Mutation
  • 11. What is the source of genetic variation that natural selection acts upon?
A) Recombination
B) Mutations
C) Gene flow
D) Genetic drift
  • 12. Which scientist proposed the idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics?
A) Gregor Mendel
B) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
C) Charles Darwin
D) Alfred Russel Wallace
  • 13. What is the term for an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment?
A) Fitness
B) Evolution
C) Speciation
D) Adaptation
  • 14. What is the term for the selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits?
A) Artificial selection
B) Genetic engineering
C) Natural selection
D) Directed evolution
  • 15. Which type of isolation occurs when two species breed at different times of the year?
A) Temporal isolation
B) Geographic isolation
C) Behavioral isolation
D) Reproductive isolation
  • 16. In evolutionary terms, what does the term 'fitness' refer to?
A) The lifespan of an organism.
B) The number of offspring produced by an organism.
C) The physical strength of an organism.
D) The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its environment.
  • 17. What is the term for a DNA sequence that codes for a specific trait?
A) Gene
B) Genome
C) Allele
D) Chromosome
  • 18. Which type of selection favors intermediate variants of a trait?
A) Directional selection
B) Stabilizing selection
C) Sexual selection
D) Disruptive selection
  • 19. Which scientist proposed the theory of genetic drift?
A) J.B.S. Haldane
B) Thomas Hunt Morgan
C) Theodosius Dobzhansky
D) Sewall Wright
  • 20. What is the term for the evolution of two or more species that have a close ecological relationship?
A) Sexual selection
B) Speciation
C) Coevolution
D) Adaptive radiation
  • 21. Which type of inheritance pattern involves the interaction of multiple genes to determine a trait?
A) Cytoplasmic inheritance
B) Polygenic inheritance
C) Mendelian inheritance
D) Epistasis
  • 22. Which scientist is known for developing the theory of punctuated equilibrium along with Stephen Jay Gould?
A) E.O. Wilson
B) George C. Williams
C) Niles Eldredge
D) Ernst Mayr
  • 23. Which type of evolution involves the rapid diversification of a single ancestral species into multiple new species?
A) Convergent evolution
B) Divergent evolution
C) Adaptive radiation
D) Parallel evolution
  • 24. What term describes the accumulation of differences between distinct populations that can lead to the formation of new species?
A) Adaptation
B) Speciation
C) Divergence
D) Convergence
  • 25. Which theory proposes that evolution occurs in sudden, rapid bursts separated by long periods of stasis?
A) Orthogenesis
B) Punctuated equilibrium
C) Gradualism
D) Lamarckism
  • 26. What is the principle of common descent in evolution?
A) Genetic variation is maintained through sexual reproduction.
B) All organisms share a common ancestor.
C) Different species evolve similar traits independently.
D) Natural selection acts on individuals within a population.
  • 27. Which evolutionary biologist proposed the concept of 'The Selfish Gene'?
A) Stephen Hawking
B) Ernst Mayr
C) Stephen Jay Gould
D) Richard Dawkins
  • 28. Which of the following is an example of postzygotic isolation?
A) Temporal isolation
B) Mechanical isolation
C) Hybrid inviability
D) Behavioral isolation
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