CLJ 4,5&6 (Wadab,2025)
  • 1. A foreign diplomat secretly gathers military information in the Philippines and sends it to his country, which is preparing for war. What crime is MOST appropriate?
A) Conspiracy to Commit Treason
B) Espionage
C) Inciting to War
D) Coup d'etat
  • 2. Treason requires adherence to the enemy. In analyzing the conduct of a Filipino nurse who treats wounded foreign soldiers invading the Philippines, which factor determines liability?
A) Whether she wore a uniform
B) Whether she is a civilian
C) Whether she was paid
D) Whether she acted voluntarily
  • 3. A news blogger criticizes the government, claiming it is “authoritarian,” but provides factual sources. Is this inciting to sedition?
A) No, because bloggers are exempt
B) No, because it lacks seditious intent
C) Yes, because criticism equals sedition
D) Yes, because it undermines authority
  • 4. Police officers arrest a man without warrant simply because he “looks suspicious.” Which right is primarily violated?
A) Freedom of movement
B) Right to privacy
C) Right against unreasonable seizures
D) Freedom of speech
  • 5. A mayor orders security personnel to block a critic from entering the city hall. Which crime applies?
A) Grave coercion
B) Illegal arrest
C) Violation of domicile
D) Arbitrary Detention
  • 6. A group attempts to seize a municipal hall using stolen firearms but fails. What crime?
A) Sedition
B) Coup d'etat
C) Rebellion
D) Inciting to rebellion
  • 7. You evaluate whether a private citizen who participated in rebellion as a medic is criminally liable. Which principle applies?
    A. Immunity of non-combatants
A) Absorption doctrine
B) Proximate cause
C) Immunity of non-combatants
D) Indeterminate sentence kaw
  • 8. A kidnapping victim voluntarily goes with the offender due to fear from a previous threat. Is kidnapping committed?
A) No, because the threat was past
B) Yes, but only grave coercion
C) No, because she went voluntarily
D) Yes, intimidation still constitutes deprivation
  • 9. A soldier arrests a civilian for a crime that has not yet been committed but may occur later. This is:
A) Unlawful arrest
B) Arbitrary detention
C) Abuse of authority
D) Illegal arrest
  • 10. Which action MOST seriously threatens national security?
A) Refusing to pay taxes
B) Leaking military troop movements
C) Sharing memes criticizing government
D) Skipping mandatory civic duties
  • 11. To prevent sedition in campuses, which measure is MOST constitutionally acceptable?
A) Surveillance of all student organizations
B) Establishing civic education programs
C) Total ban on political groups
D) Mandatory reporting of dissenters
  • 12. A journalist reveals classified information exposing corruption. Government charges him with espionage. Which element is missing?
A) Possession of information
B) Actual publication
C) Public interest
D) Intent to aid a foreign power
  • 13. A husband strikes his wife during an argument causing slight injuries. What determines if parricide applies?
A) Severity of injuries
B) Relationship
C) Degree of provocation
D) Weapon used
  • 14. A student pushes a classmate down the stairs during a prank, causing death. What crime?
A) Reckless imprudence resulting to homicide
B) Murded
C) Parricide
D) Homicide
  • 15. A store owner shoots a thief who is running away with a stolen phone. Is defense of property valid?
A) Yes, the thief committed a crime
B) Yes, because the item is valuable
C) No, aggression had ended
D) Yes, because firearm was licensed
  • 16. A person sets fire to the house to kill the occupants. What qualifying circumstance applies?
A) Abuse of superiority
B) Price or reward
C) Treachery
D) By means of fire
  • 17. A rapist threatens the victim’s mother to force the victim to submit. Which element of rape is present?
A) By fraudulent machination
B) By taking advantage of relationship
C) By grave abuse of authority
D) By force or intimidation
  • 18. Which scenario BEST qualifies as grave coercion?
A) Forcing someone to join a gang
B) Asking someone to run errands
C) Yelling at an employee
D) Warning a friend to stop wrongdoing
  • 19. A child finds a cellphone and sells it. What crime?
A) Fencing
B) Theft
C) None if no intent to gain
D) Estafa
  • 20. A person honestly believes a borrowed item was gifted to him and sells it. Which principle negates estafa?
A) Mistake of fact
B) Good faith
C) Proximate cause
D) Mitigating circumstance
  • 21. Which is the BEST indicator of murder rather than homicide?
A) Public scandal
B) Lack of provocation
C) Use of firearm
D) Presence of qualifying circumstances
  • 22. A mother abandons her newborn in a safe location intending someone to rescue the child. Crime?
A) Child abuse
B) Abandonment of minor
C) Infanticide
D) Parricide
  • 23. A landlord breaks the tenant’s door at night to demand unpaid rent. Which crime applies?
A) Trespass to dwelling
B) Robbery
C) Physical injury
D) Coercion
  • 24. Which act constitutes slander by deed?
A) Online insult
B) Posting defamatory content
C) Throwing mud at someone publicly
D) False accusation
  • 25. A driver jumps a red light and injures a pedestrian. Crime committed?
A) Direct physical injuries
B) Malicious mischief
C) Reckless imprudence resulting in physical injuries
D) Attempted homicide
  • 26. Which preventive policy BEST reduces quasi-offenses?
A) Public education on negligence
B) Stricter punishment
C) Increased police visibility
D) More prisons
  • 27. A pickpocket steals a wallet using slight force but does not intimidate the victim. Crime?
A) coercion
B) Qualified theft
C) Theft
D) Robbery
  • 28. Which situation BEST illustrates unjust vexation?
A) Threats
B) Physical evidence
C) Annoying acts without serious harm
D) Destroying property
  • 29. A man marries two women under different identities. Crime?
A) concubinage
B) Adultery
C) Illegal marriage
D) bigamy
  • 30. A professional spreads false claims about a colleague's incompetence. Crime?
A) Slander by deed
B) Intriguing against honor
C) Oral defamation
D) Libel
  • 31. A person modifies a gun without license. Violation?
A) RA 9165
B) RA 10591
C) RA 9208
D) RA 10883
  • 32. Which act shows trafficking rather than simple illegal recruitment?
A) Transporting a worker without contract
B) Failure to provide employment
C) Recruitment with exploitation
D) Recruiting minors for work abroad
  • 33. Which best qualifies as carnapping under RA 10883?
A) Using a stolen motorcycle unknowingly
B) Stealing a car parked on the street
C) Borrowing a car and returning it late
D) Forced taking of a tricycle
  • 34. Someone buys jewelry knowing it was stolen. Crime?
A) Estafa
B) Theft
C) Fencing
D) Robbery
  • 35. A hazing results in injuries but no death. Which law applies?
A) RA 8049
B) RA 9160
C) RA 10591
D) RA 10175
  • 36. Which act MOST clearly constitutes cyber-libel?
A) Sharing a meme
B) Unintentional sharing of wrong info
C) Posting criticism online
D) Posting false defamatory claims
  • 37. A witness testifies about what another person told him. Court evaluates admissibility under:
A) Opinion rule
B) Best evidence rule
C) Hearsay rule
D) Parol evidence rule
  • 38. A broken knife found at the crime scene is offered. This is:
A) Secondary evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Real evidence
  • 39. Which evidence carries the MOST weight?
A) Eyewitness under stress
B) CCTV clear footage
C) Hearsay with exception
D) Rumors
  • 40. A contract photocopy is presented because the original burned in a fire. Admissible?
A) Never
B) Yes, as secondary evidence
C) No, requires expert testimony
D) Yes, as real evidence
  • 41. Burden of proof in criminal cases is on the:
A) defense
B) Accused
C) Court
D) Prosecution
  • 42. Which is the STRONGEST circumstantial evidence?
A) Motive alone
B) Opportunity and weapon possession
C) Suspect's silence
D) Presence near crime scene
  • 43. A dying victim identifies the attacker. This is allowed because:
A) Verbal act rule
B) Dying declaration exception
C) Best evidence rule
D) Part of res gestae
  • 44. A text message screenshot is offered. Court must first determine:
A) relevance
B) authorship
C) All of the above
D) reliability
  • 45. Which illustrates improper opinion testimony?
A) Expert analyzing blood
B) Lay witness giving medical opinion
C) Expert on digital forensics testifying about devices
D) Lay witness identifying someone
  • 46. A confession made after 12 hours without counsel is:
A) Voluntary
B) Admissible
C) Secondary evidence
D) Inadmissible
  • 47. Document signed using thumbmark must be authenticated by:
A) Subscribing witness
B) Court clerk
C) Notary
D) Any witness
  • 48. Which scenario makes evidence inadmissible?
A) Given under subpoena
B) Discovered accidentally
C) Obtained without warrant and not an exception
D) Voluntarily given by accused
  • 49. Fingerprints lifted from the scene are:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Real evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Demonstrative evidence
  • 50. A witness saw the accused only briefly at night. Reliability depends on:
A) Age of witness
B) Lighting conditions
C) Judge's impression
D) Lawyer's objections
  • 51. Which is MOST persuasive in a rape case?
A) Victims's prompt complaint
B) Rumors
C) Victim's delay reporting
D) Anonymous tip
  • 52. What presumption applies if a mailed letter is shown properly addressed and stamped?
A) Presumption of delivery
B) Presumption of fraud
C) Presumption of regularity
D) Presumption of innocence
  • 53. A police officer testifies about the steps taken in handling evidence. This refers to:
A) Burden of proof
B) Impeachment
C) Chain of custody
D) Opinion testimony
  • 54. Counsel objects to testimony after question answered. Ruling?
A) Waived
B) Sustained
C) Admissible
D) Stricken off
  • 55. Evidence must be objected to:
A) Before answer is given
B) At closing arguments
C) Anytime
D) After cross-examination
  • 56. Which evidence is sufficient for conviction?
A) Belief of judge
B) Reasonable suspicion
C) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
D) Preponderance of evidence
  • 57. If evidence is irrelevant but material, what is the court likely to do?
A) Defer
B) Admit
C) Reject
D) Modify
  • 58. A diagram illustrating bullet trajectory is:
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Real evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 59. Court evaluates witness credibility based on:
A) Probability
B) Consistency
C) Demeanor
D) All of the above
  • 60. Case is dismissed due to lack of evidence. Failure relates to:
A) Weight of evidence
B) Sufficiency
C) Burden of proof
D) Admissibility
  • 61. A child witness hesitates but remains consistent. Weight?
A) Inadmissible
B) Strong
C) Weak
D) Neutral
  • 62. Which factor MOST affects reliability of DNA evidence?
A) Age of suspect
B) Length of trial
C) Chain of custody integrity
D) Type of crime
  • 63. Which court has jurisdiction over cases punishable by more than 6 years?
A) RTC
B) Court of Appeals
C) MTC
D) Sandiganbayan
  • 64. A complaint-affidavit lacking certification against forum shopping results in:
A) No effect
B) Nullity
C) Cure by amendmend
D) Automatic dismissal
  • 65. Which most affects venue in criminal cases?
A) Place of commission
B) Police recommendation
C) Residence of accused
D) Judge preference
  • 66. During preliminary investigation, respondent refuses to file counter-affidavit. Consequence?
A) Suspension of PI
B) Automatic acquittal
C) Waiver of right
D) Case dismissed
  • 67. Trial begins after:
A) Filing complaint
B) Preliminary investigation
C) Arraignment
D) Arrest
  • 68. Evidence presented after termination of trial is allowed only if:
A) Witness appears late
B) Prosecution insist
C) Defense agrees
D) Judge allows in interest of justice
  • 69. Sandiganbayan jurisdiction depends primarily on:
A) Amount involved
B) Position of accused
C) Location of offense
D) Number of victims
  • 70. To reduce clogged dockets, which procedural reform is MOST effective?
A) Requiring longer trials
B) More judges
C) Limiting caseloads
D) Mandatory plea bargaining
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