CLJ 4,5&6 (Wadab,2025)
  • 1. A foreign diplomat secretly gathers military information in the Philippines and sends it to his country, which is preparing for war. What crime is MOST appropriate?
A) Coup d'etat
B) Inciting to War
C) Espionage
D) Conspiracy to Commit Treason
  • 2. Treason requires adherence to the enemy. In analyzing the conduct of a Filipino nurse who treats wounded foreign soldiers invading the Philippines, which factor determines liability?
A) Whether she was paid
B) Whether she wore a uniform
C) Whether she acted voluntarily
D) Whether she is a civilian
  • 3. A news blogger criticizes the government, claiming it is “authoritarian,” but provides factual sources. Is this inciting to sedition?
A) No, because it lacks seditious intent
B) No, because bloggers are exempt
C) Yes, because criticism equals sedition
D) Yes, because it undermines authority
  • 4. Police officers arrest a man without warrant simply because he “looks suspicious.” Which right is primarily violated?
A) Right to privacy
B) Freedom of speech
C) Freedom of movement
D) Right against unreasonable seizures
  • 5. A mayor orders security personnel to block a critic from entering the city hall. Which crime applies?
A) Grave coercion
B) Arbitrary Detention
C) Violation of domicile
D) Illegal arrest
  • 6. A group attempts to seize a municipal hall using stolen firearms but fails. What crime?
A) Coup d'etat
B) Rebellion
C) Sedition
D) Inciting to rebellion
  • 7. You evaluate whether a private citizen who participated in rebellion as a medic is criminally liable. Which principle applies?
    A. Immunity of non-combatants
A) Indeterminate sentence kaw
B) Immunity of non-combatants
C) Absorption doctrine
D) Proximate cause
  • 8. A kidnapping victim voluntarily goes with the offender due to fear from a previous threat. Is kidnapping committed?
A) Yes, intimidation still constitutes deprivation
B) No, because she went voluntarily
C) Yes, but only grave coercion
D) No, because the threat was past
  • 9. A soldier arrests a civilian for a crime that has not yet been committed but may occur later. This is:
A) Unlawful arrest
B) Abuse of authority
C) Illegal arrest
D) Arbitrary detention
  • 10. Which action MOST seriously threatens national security?
A) Skipping mandatory civic duties
B) Sharing memes criticizing government
C) Refusing to pay taxes
D) Leaking military troop movements
  • 11. To prevent sedition in campuses, which measure is MOST constitutionally acceptable?
A) Surveillance of all student organizations
B) Establishing civic education programs
C) Total ban on political groups
D) Mandatory reporting of dissenters
  • 12. A journalist reveals classified information exposing corruption. Government charges him with espionage. Which element is missing?
A) Possession of information
B) Intent to aid a foreign power
C) Public interest
D) Actual publication
  • 13. A husband strikes his wife during an argument causing slight injuries. What determines if parricide applies?
A) Degree of provocation
B) Severity of injuries
C) Weapon used
D) Relationship
  • 14. A student pushes a classmate down the stairs during a prank, causing death. What crime?
A) Reckless imprudence resulting to homicide
B) Homicide
C) Parricide
D) Murded
  • 15. A store owner shoots a thief who is running away with a stolen phone. Is defense of property valid?
A) Yes, the thief committed a crime
B) Yes, because firearm was licensed
C) No, aggression had ended
D) Yes, because the item is valuable
  • 16. A person sets fire to the house to kill the occupants. What qualifying circumstance applies?
A) By means of fire
B) Treachery
C) Abuse of superiority
D) Price or reward
  • 17. A rapist threatens the victim’s mother to force the victim to submit. Which element of rape is present?
A) By force or intimidation
B) By taking advantage of relationship
C) By fraudulent machination
D) By grave abuse of authority
  • 18. Which scenario BEST qualifies as grave coercion?
A) Forcing someone to join a gang
B) Warning a friend to stop wrongdoing
C) Yelling at an employee
D) Asking someone to run errands
  • 19. A child finds a cellphone and sells it. What crime?
A) Fencing
B) Estafa
C) None if no intent to gain
D) Theft
  • 20. A person honestly believes a borrowed item was gifted to him and sells it. Which principle negates estafa?
A) Mistake of fact
B) Proximate cause
C) Mitigating circumstance
D) Good faith
  • 21. Which is the BEST indicator of murder rather than homicide?
A) Presence of qualifying circumstances
B) Lack of provocation
C) Public scandal
D) Use of firearm
  • 22. A mother abandons her newborn in a safe location intending someone to rescue the child. Crime?
A) Child abuse
B) Infanticide
C) Abandonment of minor
D) Parricide
  • 23. A landlord breaks the tenant’s door at night to demand unpaid rent. Which crime applies?
A) Robbery
B) Physical injury
C) Trespass to dwelling
D) Coercion
  • 24. Which act constitutes slander by deed?
A) Throwing mud at someone publicly
B) Online insult
C) Posting defamatory content
D) False accusation
  • 25. A driver jumps a red light and injures a pedestrian. Crime committed?
A) Malicious mischief
B) Reckless imprudence resulting in physical injuries
C) Direct physical injuries
D) Attempted homicide
  • 26. Which preventive policy BEST reduces quasi-offenses?
A) More prisons
B) Stricter punishment
C) Increased police visibility
D) Public education on negligence
  • 27. A pickpocket steals a wallet using slight force but does not intimidate the victim. Crime?
A) Robbery
B) Theft
C) Qualified theft
D) coercion
  • 28. Which situation BEST illustrates unjust vexation?
A) Destroying property
B) Threats
C) Annoying acts without serious harm
D) Physical evidence
  • 29. A man marries two women under different identities. Crime?
A) Illegal marriage
B) concubinage
C) bigamy
D) Adultery
  • 30. A professional spreads false claims about a colleague's incompetence. Crime?
A) Slander by deed
B) Oral defamation
C) Intriguing against honor
D) Libel
  • 31. A person modifies a gun without license. Violation?
A) RA 9165
B) RA 9208
C) RA 10591
D) RA 10883
  • 32. Which act shows trafficking rather than simple illegal recruitment?
A) Recruitment with exploitation
B) Recruiting minors for work abroad
C) Failure to provide employment
D) Transporting a worker without contract
  • 33. Which best qualifies as carnapping under RA 10883?
A) Stealing a car parked on the street
B) Forced taking of a tricycle
C) Borrowing a car and returning it late
D) Using a stolen motorcycle unknowingly
  • 34. Someone buys jewelry knowing it was stolen. Crime?
A) Fencing
B) Theft
C) Estafa
D) Robbery
  • 35. A hazing results in injuries but no death. Which law applies?
A) RA 8049
B) RA 9160
C) RA 10591
D) RA 10175
  • 36. Which act MOST clearly constitutes cyber-libel?
A) Posting false defamatory claims
B) Posting criticism online
C) Unintentional sharing of wrong info
D) Sharing a meme
  • 37. A witness testifies about what another person told him. Court evaluates admissibility under:
A) Best evidence rule
B) Opinion rule
C) Hearsay rule
D) Parol evidence rule
  • 38. A broken knife found at the crime scene is offered. This is:
A) Real evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Secondary evidence
  • 39. Which evidence carries the MOST weight?
A) Eyewitness under stress
B) Hearsay with exception
C) Rumors
D) CCTV clear footage
  • 40. A contract photocopy is presented because the original burned in a fire. Admissible?
A) Yes, as real evidence
B) Yes, as secondary evidence
C) No, requires expert testimony
D) Never
  • 41. Burden of proof in criminal cases is on the:
A) Prosecution
B) Accused
C) Court
D) defense
  • 42. Which is the STRONGEST circumstantial evidence?
A) Suspect's silence
B) Motive alone
C) Opportunity and weapon possession
D) Presence near crime scene
  • 43. A dying victim identifies the attacker. This is allowed because:
A) Dying declaration exception
B) Verbal act rule
C) Part of res gestae
D) Best evidence rule
  • 44. A text message screenshot is offered. Court must first determine:
A) authorship
B) All of the above
C) relevance
D) reliability
  • 45. Which illustrates improper opinion testimony?
A) Expert on digital forensics testifying about devices
B) Lay witness identifying someone
C) Expert analyzing blood
D) Lay witness giving medical opinion
  • 46. A confession made after 12 hours without counsel is:
A) Inadmissible
B) Secondary evidence
C) Voluntary
D) Admissible
  • 47. Document signed using thumbmark must be authenticated by:
A) Any witness
B) Notary
C) Court clerk
D) Subscribing witness
  • 48. Which scenario makes evidence inadmissible?
A) Discovered accidentally
B) Voluntarily given by accused
C) Given under subpoena
D) Obtained without warrant and not an exception
  • 49. Fingerprints lifted from the scene are:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Real evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 50. A witness saw the accused only briefly at night. Reliability depends on:
A) Age of witness
B) Judge's impression
C) Lighting conditions
D) Lawyer's objections
  • 51. Which is MOST persuasive in a rape case?
A) Victims's prompt complaint
B) Victim's delay reporting
C) Anonymous tip
D) Rumors
  • 52. What presumption applies if a mailed letter is shown properly addressed and stamped?
A) Presumption of fraud
B) Presumption of innocence
C) Presumption of delivery
D) Presumption of regularity
  • 53. A police officer testifies about the steps taken in handling evidence. This refers to:
A) Burden of proof
B) Opinion testimony
C) Impeachment
D) Chain of custody
  • 54. Counsel objects to testimony after question answered. Ruling?
A) Stricken off
B) Sustained
C) Admissible
D) Waived
  • 55. Evidence must be objected to:
A) Anytime
B) Before answer is given
C) At closing arguments
D) After cross-examination
  • 56. Which evidence is sufficient for conviction?
A) Preponderance of evidence
B) Belief of judge
C) Reasonable suspicion
D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
  • 57. If evidence is irrelevant but material, what is the court likely to do?
A) Reject
B) Modify
C) Defer
D) Admit
  • 58. A diagram illustrating bullet trajectory is:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Demonstrative evidence
C) Real evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 59. Court evaluates witness credibility based on:
A) All of the above
B) Demeanor
C) Probability
D) Consistency
  • 60. Case is dismissed due to lack of evidence. Failure relates to:
A) Burden of proof
B) Weight of evidence
C) Admissibility
D) Sufficiency
  • 61. A child witness hesitates but remains consistent. Weight?
A) Neutral
B) Strong
C) Weak
D) Inadmissible
  • 62. Which factor MOST affects reliability of DNA evidence?
A) Chain of custody integrity
B) Age of suspect
C) Type of crime
D) Length of trial
  • 63. Which court has jurisdiction over cases punishable by more than 6 years?
A) Court of Appeals
B) Sandiganbayan
C) MTC
D) RTC
  • 64. A complaint-affidavit lacking certification against forum shopping results in:
A) Cure by amendmend
B) Nullity
C) No effect
D) Automatic dismissal
  • 65. Which most affects venue in criminal cases?
A) Residence of accused
B) Judge preference
C) Police recommendation
D) Place of commission
  • 66. During preliminary investigation, respondent refuses to file counter-affidavit. Consequence?
A) Case dismissed
B) Automatic acquittal
C) Suspension of PI
D) Waiver of right
  • 67. Trial begins after:
A) Preliminary investigation
B) Arraignment
C) Filing complaint
D) Arrest
  • 68. Evidence presented after termination of trial is allowed only if:
A) Prosecution insist
B) Judge allows in interest of justice
C) Defense agrees
D) Witness appears late
  • 69. Sandiganbayan jurisdiction depends primarily on:
A) Position of accused
B) Location of offense
C) Number of victims
D) Amount involved
  • 70. To reduce clogged dockets, which procedural reform is MOST effective?
A) More judges
B) Limiting caseloads
C) Requiring longer trials
D) Mandatory plea bargaining
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