CLJ 4,5&6 (Wadab,2025)
  • 1. A foreign diplomat secretly gathers military information in the Philippines and sends it to his country, which is preparing for war. What crime is MOST appropriate?
A) Coup d'etat
B) Conspiracy to Commit Treason
C) Inciting to War
D) Espionage
  • 2. Treason requires adherence to the enemy. In analyzing the conduct of a Filipino nurse who treats wounded foreign soldiers invading the Philippines, which factor determines liability?
A) Whether she is a civilian
B) Whether she wore a uniform
C) Whether she was paid
D) Whether she acted voluntarily
  • 3. A news blogger criticizes the government, claiming it is “authoritarian,” but provides factual sources. Is this inciting to sedition?
A) No, because bloggers are exempt
B) Yes, because criticism equals sedition
C) No, because it lacks seditious intent
D) Yes, because it undermines authority
  • 4. Police officers arrest a man without warrant simply because he “looks suspicious.” Which right is primarily violated?
A) Freedom of speech
B) Right against unreasonable seizures
C) Right to privacy
D) Freedom of movement
  • 5. A mayor orders security personnel to block a critic from entering the city hall. Which crime applies?
A) Grave coercion
B) Arbitrary Detention
C) Violation of domicile
D) Illegal arrest
  • 6. A group attempts to seize a municipal hall using stolen firearms but fails. What crime?
A) Sedition
B) Coup d'etat
C) Rebellion
D) Inciting to rebellion
  • 7. You evaluate whether a private citizen who participated in rebellion as a medic is criminally liable. Which principle applies?
    A. Immunity of non-combatants
A) Proximate cause
B) Absorption doctrine
C) Indeterminate sentence kaw
D) Immunity of non-combatants
  • 8. A kidnapping victim voluntarily goes with the offender due to fear from a previous threat. Is kidnapping committed?
A) No, because she went voluntarily
B) No, because the threat was past
C) Yes, intimidation still constitutes deprivation
D) Yes, but only grave coercion
  • 9. A soldier arrests a civilian for a crime that has not yet been committed but may occur later. This is:
A) Illegal arrest
B) Abuse of authority
C) Unlawful arrest
D) Arbitrary detention
  • 10. Which action MOST seriously threatens national security?
A) Leaking military troop movements
B) Sharing memes criticizing government
C) Refusing to pay taxes
D) Skipping mandatory civic duties
  • 11. To prevent sedition in campuses, which measure is MOST constitutionally acceptable?
A) Surveillance of all student organizations
B) Establishing civic education programs
C) Total ban on political groups
D) Mandatory reporting of dissenters
  • 12. A journalist reveals classified information exposing corruption. Government charges him with espionage. Which element is missing?
A) Public interest
B) Intent to aid a foreign power
C) Possession of information
D) Actual publication
  • 13. A husband strikes his wife during an argument causing slight injuries. What determines if parricide applies?
A) Weapon used
B) Severity of injuries
C) Relationship
D) Degree of provocation
  • 14. A student pushes a classmate down the stairs during a prank, causing death. What crime?
A) Homicide
B) Reckless imprudence resulting to homicide
C) Murded
D) Parricide
  • 15. A store owner shoots a thief who is running away with a stolen phone. Is defense of property valid?
A) Yes, because the item is valuable
B) No, aggression had ended
C) Yes, the thief committed a crime
D) Yes, because firearm was licensed
  • 16. A person sets fire to the house to kill the occupants. What qualifying circumstance applies?
A) By means of fire
B) Price or reward
C) Abuse of superiority
D) Treachery
  • 17. A rapist threatens the victim’s mother to force the victim to submit. Which element of rape is present?
A) By fraudulent machination
B) By force or intimidation
C) By taking advantage of relationship
D) By grave abuse of authority
  • 18. Which scenario BEST qualifies as grave coercion?
A) Forcing someone to join a gang
B) Yelling at an employee
C) Asking someone to run errands
D) Warning a friend to stop wrongdoing
  • 19. A child finds a cellphone and sells it. What crime?
A) Fencing
B) Estafa
C) None if no intent to gain
D) Theft
  • 20. A person honestly believes a borrowed item was gifted to him and sells it. Which principle negates estafa?
A) Mistake of fact
B) Good faith
C) Mitigating circumstance
D) Proximate cause
  • 21. Which is the BEST indicator of murder rather than homicide?
A) Lack of provocation
B) Presence of qualifying circumstances
C) Use of firearm
D) Public scandal
  • 22. A mother abandons her newborn in a safe location intending someone to rescue the child. Crime?
A) Infanticide
B) Abandonment of minor
C) Parricide
D) Child abuse
  • 23. A landlord breaks the tenant’s door at night to demand unpaid rent. Which crime applies?
A) Trespass to dwelling
B) Coercion
C) Robbery
D) Physical injury
  • 24. Which act constitutes slander by deed?
A) False accusation
B) Posting defamatory content
C) Throwing mud at someone publicly
D) Online insult
  • 25. A driver jumps a red light and injures a pedestrian. Crime committed?
A) Direct physical injuries
B) Attempted homicide
C) Malicious mischief
D) Reckless imprudence resulting in physical injuries
  • 26. Which preventive policy BEST reduces quasi-offenses?
A) Public education on negligence
B) Stricter punishment
C) More prisons
D) Increased police visibility
  • 27. A pickpocket steals a wallet using slight force but does not intimidate the victim. Crime?
A) Theft
B) Robbery
C) coercion
D) Qualified theft
  • 28. Which situation BEST illustrates unjust vexation?
A) Threats
B) Physical evidence
C) Destroying property
D) Annoying acts without serious harm
  • 29. A man marries two women under different identities. Crime?
A) bigamy
B) Adultery
C) Illegal marriage
D) concubinage
  • 30. A professional spreads false claims about a colleague's incompetence. Crime?
A) Libel
B) Oral defamation
C) Intriguing against honor
D) Slander by deed
  • 31. A person modifies a gun without license. Violation?
A) RA 9165
B) RA 9208
C) RA 10591
D) RA 10883
  • 32. Which act shows trafficking rather than simple illegal recruitment?
A) Transporting a worker without contract
B) Recruitment with exploitation
C) Failure to provide employment
D) Recruiting minors for work abroad
  • 33. Which best qualifies as carnapping under RA 10883?
A) Stealing a car parked on the street
B) Borrowing a car and returning it late
C) Using a stolen motorcycle unknowingly
D) Forced taking of a tricycle
  • 34. Someone buys jewelry knowing it was stolen. Crime?
A) Theft
B) Robbery
C) Estafa
D) Fencing
  • 35. A hazing results in injuries but no death. Which law applies?
A) RA 10591
B) RA 9160
C) RA 8049
D) RA 10175
  • 36. Which act MOST clearly constitutes cyber-libel?
A) Sharing a meme
B) Posting false defamatory claims
C) Posting criticism online
D) Unintentional sharing of wrong info
  • 37. A witness testifies about what another person told him. Court evaluates admissibility under:
A) Best evidence rule
B) Opinion rule
C) Hearsay rule
D) Parol evidence rule
  • 38. A broken knife found at the crime scene is offered. This is:
A) Real evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Secondary evidence
D) Testimonial evidence
  • 39. Which evidence carries the MOST weight?
A) CCTV clear footage
B) Eyewitness under stress
C) Rumors
D) Hearsay with exception
  • 40. A contract photocopy is presented because the original burned in a fire. Admissible?
A) No, requires expert testimony
B) Never
C) Yes, as secondary evidence
D) Yes, as real evidence
  • 41. Burden of proof in criminal cases is on the:
A) Accused
B) defense
C) Court
D) Prosecution
  • 42. Which is the STRONGEST circumstantial evidence?
A) Suspect's silence
B) Presence near crime scene
C) Opportunity and weapon possession
D) Motive alone
  • 43. A dying victim identifies the attacker. This is allowed because:
A) Verbal act rule
B) Part of res gestae
C) Dying declaration exception
D) Best evidence rule
  • 44. A text message screenshot is offered. Court must first determine:
A) authorship
B) relevance
C) All of the above
D) reliability
  • 45. Which illustrates improper opinion testimony?
A) Expert analyzing blood
B) Lay witness giving medical opinion
C) Expert on digital forensics testifying about devices
D) Lay witness identifying someone
  • 46. A confession made after 12 hours without counsel is:
A) Inadmissible
B) Secondary evidence
C) Admissible
D) Voluntary
  • 47. Document signed using thumbmark must be authenticated by:
A) Subscribing witness
B) Court clerk
C) Any witness
D) Notary
  • 48. Which scenario makes evidence inadmissible?
A) Discovered accidentally
B) Obtained without warrant and not an exception
C) Voluntarily given by accused
D) Given under subpoena
  • 49. Fingerprints lifted from the scene are:
A) Real evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Demonstrative evidence
  • 50. A witness saw the accused only briefly at night. Reliability depends on:
A) Lawyer's objections
B) Lighting conditions
C) Age of witness
D) Judge's impression
  • 51. Which is MOST persuasive in a rape case?
A) Victim's delay reporting
B) Victims's prompt complaint
C) Rumors
D) Anonymous tip
  • 52. What presumption applies if a mailed letter is shown properly addressed and stamped?
A) Presumption of regularity
B) Presumption of delivery
C) Presumption of innocence
D) Presumption of fraud
  • 53. A police officer testifies about the steps taken in handling evidence. This refers to:
A) Impeachment
B) Opinion testimony
C) Burden of proof
D) Chain of custody
  • 54. Counsel objects to testimony after question answered. Ruling?
A) Sustained
B) Stricken off
C) Waived
D) Admissible
  • 55. Evidence must be objected to:
A) At closing arguments
B) Before answer is given
C) Anytime
D) After cross-examination
  • 56. Which evidence is sufficient for conviction?
A) Reasonable suspicion
B) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
C) Belief of judge
D) Preponderance of evidence
  • 57. If evidence is irrelevant but material, what is the court likely to do?
A) Admit
B) Defer
C) Reject
D) Modify
  • 58. A diagram illustrating bullet trajectory is:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Real evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 59. Court evaluates witness credibility based on:
A) All of the above
B) Consistency
C) Demeanor
D) Probability
  • 60. Case is dismissed due to lack of evidence. Failure relates to:
A) Burden of proof
B) Admissibility
C) Sufficiency
D) Weight of evidence
  • 61. A child witness hesitates but remains consistent. Weight?
A) Strong
B) Weak
C) Neutral
D) Inadmissible
  • 62. Which factor MOST affects reliability of DNA evidence?
A) Age of suspect
B) Chain of custody integrity
C) Type of crime
D) Length of trial
  • 63. Which court has jurisdiction over cases punishable by more than 6 years?
A) Court of Appeals
B) Sandiganbayan
C) MTC
D) RTC
  • 64. A complaint-affidavit lacking certification against forum shopping results in:
A) No effect
B) Cure by amendmend
C) Nullity
D) Automatic dismissal
  • 65. Which most affects venue in criminal cases?
A) Police recommendation
B) Residence of accused
C) Judge preference
D) Place of commission
  • 66. During preliminary investigation, respondent refuses to file counter-affidavit. Consequence?
A) Suspension of PI
B) Case dismissed
C) Waiver of right
D) Automatic acquittal
  • 67. Trial begins after:
A) Filing complaint
B) Arraignment
C) Preliminary investigation
D) Arrest
  • 68. Evidence presented after termination of trial is allowed only if:
A) Judge allows in interest of justice
B) Witness appears late
C) Prosecution insist
D) Defense agrees
  • 69. Sandiganbayan jurisdiction depends primarily on:
A) Location of offense
B) Number of victims
C) Amount involved
D) Position of accused
  • 70. To reduce clogged dockets, which procedural reform is MOST effective?
A) Limiting caseloads
B) Requiring longer trials
C) More judges
D) Mandatory plea bargaining
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