CLJ 4,5&6 (Wadab,2025)
  • 1. A foreign diplomat secretly gathers military information in the Philippines and sends it to his country, which is preparing for war. What crime is MOST appropriate?
A) Espionage
B) Inciting to War
C) Conspiracy to Commit Treason
D) Coup d'etat
  • 2. Treason requires adherence to the enemy. In analyzing the conduct of a Filipino nurse who treats wounded foreign soldiers invading the Philippines, which factor determines liability?
A) Whether she acted voluntarily
B) Whether she was paid
C) Whether she is a civilian
D) Whether she wore a uniform
  • 3. A news blogger criticizes the government, claiming it is “authoritarian,” but provides factual sources. Is this inciting to sedition?
A) No, because it lacks seditious intent
B) Yes, because criticism equals sedition
C) Yes, because it undermines authority
D) No, because bloggers are exempt
  • 4. Police officers arrest a man without warrant simply because he “looks suspicious.” Which right is primarily violated?
A) Freedom of movement
B) Right against unreasonable seizures
C) Freedom of speech
D) Right to privacy
  • 5. A mayor orders security personnel to block a critic from entering the city hall. Which crime applies?
A) Arbitrary Detention
B) Violation of domicile
C) Illegal arrest
D) Grave coercion
  • 6. A group attempts to seize a municipal hall using stolen firearms but fails. What crime?
A) Rebellion
B) Sedition
C) Coup d'etat
D) Inciting to rebellion
  • 7. You evaluate whether a private citizen who participated in rebellion as a medic is criminally liable. Which principle applies?
    A. Immunity of non-combatants
A) Indeterminate sentence kaw
B) Proximate cause
C) Absorption doctrine
D) Immunity of non-combatants
  • 8. A kidnapping victim voluntarily goes with the offender due to fear from a previous threat. Is kidnapping committed?
A) No, because the threat was past
B) Yes, but only grave coercion
C) No, because she went voluntarily
D) Yes, intimidation still constitutes deprivation
  • 9. A soldier arrests a civilian for a crime that has not yet been committed but may occur later. This is:
A) Arbitrary detention
B) Illegal arrest
C) Unlawful arrest
D) Abuse of authority
  • 10. Which action MOST seriously threatens national security?
A) Refusing to pay taxes
B) Leaking military troop movements
C) Sharing memes criticizing government
D) Skipping mandatory civic duties
  • 11. To prevent sedition in campuses, which measure is MOST constitutionally acceptable?
A) Total ban on political groups
B) Surveillance of all student organizations
C) Mandatory reporting of dissenters
D) Establishing civic education programs
  • 12. A journalist reveals classified information exposing corruption. Government charges him with espionage. Which element is missing?
A) Actual publication
B) Intent to aid a foreign power
C) Public interest
D) Possession of information
  • 13. A husband strikes his wife during an argument causing slight injuries. What determines if parricide applies?
A) Degree of provocation
B) Weapon used
C) Severity of injuries
D) Relationship
  • 14. A student pushes a classmate down the stairs during a prank, causing death. What crime?
A) Reckless imprudence resulting to homicide
B) Murded
C) Parricide
D) Homicide
  • 15. A store owner shoots a thief who is running away with a stolen phone. Is defense of property valid?
A) No, aggression had ended
B) Yes, because firearm was licensed
C) Yes, the thief committed a crime
D) Yes, because the item is valuable
  • 16. A person sets fire to the house to kill the occupants. What qualifying circumstance applies?
A) Abuse of superiority
B) Treachery
C) Price or reward
D) By means of fire
  • 17. A rapist threatens the victim’s mother to force the victim to submit. Which element of rape is present?
A) By taking advantage of relationship
B) By grave abuse of authority
C) By fraudulent machination
D) By force or intimidation
  • 18. Which scenario BEST qualifies as grave coercion?
A) Forcing someone to join a gang
B) Asking someone to run errands
C) Warning a friend to stop wrongdoing
D) Yelling at an employee
  • 19. A child finds a cellphone and sells it. What crime?
A) None if no intent to gain
B) Estafa
C) Fencing
D) Theft
  • 20. A person honestly believes a borrowed item was gifted to him and sells it. Which principle negates estafa?
A) Mitigating circumstance
B) Mistake of fact
C) Proximate cause
D) Good faith
  • 21. Which is the BEST indicator of murder rather than homicide?
A) Public scandal
B) Lack of provocation
C) Use of firearm
D) Presence of qualifying circumstances
  • 22. A mother abandons her newborn in a safe location intending someone to rescue the child. Crime?
A) Child abuse
B) Infanticide
C) Parricide
D) Abandonment of minor
  • 23. A landlord breaks the tenant’s door at night to demand unpaid rent. Which crime applies?
A) Coercion
B) Physical injury
C) Robbery
D) Trespass to dwelling
  • 24. Which act constitutes slander by deed?
A) Online insult
B) Throwing mud at someone publicly
C) False accusation
D) Posting defamatory content
  • 25. A driver jumps a red light and injures a pedestrian. Crime committed?
A) Attempted homicide
B) Direct physical injuries
C) Malicious mischief
D) Reckless imprudence resulting in physical injuries
  • 26. Which preventive policy BEST reduces quasi-offenses?
A) Increased police visibility
B) Public education on negligence
C) More prisons
D) Stricter punishment
  • 27. A pickpocket steals a wallet using slight force but does not intimidate the victim. Crime?
A) Qualified theft
B) coercion
C) Theft
D) Robbery
  • 28. Which situation BEST illustrates unjust vexation?
A) Threats
B) Physical evidence
C) Annoying acts without serious harm
D) Destroying property
  • 29. A man marries two women under different identities. Crime?
A) bigamy
B) concubinage
C) Adultery
D) Illegal marriage
  • 30. A professional spreads false claims about a colleague's incompetence. Crime?
A) Oral defamation
B) Intriguing against honor
C) Slander by deed
D) Libel
  • 31. A person modifies a gun without license. Violation?
A) RA 9165
B) RA 10883
C) RA 9208
D) RA 10591
  • 32. Which act shows trafficking rather than simple illegal recruitment?
A) Recruiting minors for work abroad
B) Transporting a worker without contract
C) Recruitment with exploitation
D) Failure to provide employment
  • 33. Which best qualifies as carnapping under RA 10883?
A) Borrowing a car and returning it late
B) Stealing a car parked on the street
C) Using a stolen motorcycle unknowingly
D) Forced taking of a tricycle
  • 34. Someone buys jewelry knowing it was stolen. Crime?
A) Estafa
B) Fencing
C) Theft
D) Robbery
  • 35. A hazing results in injuries but no death. Which law applies?
A) RA 8049
B) RA 10591
C) RA 9160
D) RA 10175
  • 36. Which act MOST clearly constitutes cyber-libel?
A) Posting false defamatory claims
B) Sharing a meme
C) Posting criticism online
D) Unintentional sharing of wrong info
  • 37. A witness testifies about what another person told him. Court evaluates admissibility under:
A) Parol evidence rule
B) Hearsay rule
C) Best evidence rule
D) Opinion rule
  • 38. A broken knife found at the crime scene is offered. This is:
A) Documentary evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Real evidence
D) Secondary evidence
  • 39. Which evidence carries the MOST weight?
A) Hearsay with exception
B) Eyewitness under stress
C) Rumors
D) CCTV clear footage
  • 40. A contract photocopy is presented because the original burned in a fire. Admissible?
A) No, requires expert testimony
B) Yes, as secondary evidence
C) Never
D) Yes, as real evidence
  • 41. Burden of proof in criminal cases is on the:
A) Prosecution
B) Accused
C) defense
D) Court
  • 42. Which is the STRONGEST circumstantial evidence?
A) Motive alone
B) Presence near crime scene
C) Suspect's silence
D) Opportunity and weapon possession
  • 43. A dying victim identifies the attacker. This is allowed because:
A) Dying declaration exception
B) Verbal act rule
C) Part of res gestae
D) Best evidence rule
  • 44. A text message screenshot is offered. Court must first determine:
A) All of the above
B) relevance
C) reliability
D) authorship
  • 45. Which illustrates improper opinion testimony?
A) Lay witness giving medical opinion
B) Expert analyzing blood
C) Lay witness identifying someone
D) Expert on digital forensics testifying about devices
  • 46. A confession made after 12 hours without counsel is:
A) Secondary evidence
B) Inadmissible
C) Admissible
D) Voluntary
  • 47. Document signed using thumbmark must be authenticated by:
A) Subscribing witness
B) Notary
C) Court clerk
D) Any witness
  • 48. Which scenario makes evidence inadmissible?
A) Discovered accidentally
B) Voluntarily given by accused
C) Given under subpoena
D) Obtained without warrant and not an exception
  • 49. Fingerprints lifted from the scene are:
A) Real evidence
B) Demonstrative evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 50. A witness saw the accused only briefly at night. Reliability depends on:
A) Lawyer's objections
B) Lighting conditions
C) Age of witness
D) Judge's impression
  • 51. Which is MOST persuasive in a rape case?
A) Victims's prompt complaint
B) Rumors
C) Anonymous tip
D) Victim's delay reporting
  • 52. What presumption applies if a mailed letter is shown properly addressed and stamped?
A) Presumption of delivery
B) Presumption of fraud
C) Presumption of innocence
D) Presumption of regularity
  • 53. A police officer testifies about the steps taken in handling evidence. This refers to:
A) Impeachment
B) Chain of custody
C) Burden of proof
D) Opinion testimony
  • 54. Counsel objects to testimony after question answered. Ruling?
A) Waived
B) Sustained
C) Stricken off
D) Admissible
  • 55. Evidence must be objected to:
A) After cross-examination
B) Anytime
C) At closing arguments
D) Before answer is given
  • 56. Which evidence is sufficient for conviction?
A) Belief of judge
B) Preponderance of evidence
C) Reasonable suspicion
D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
  • 57. If evidence is irrelevant but material, what is the court likely to do?
A) Defer
B) Reject
C) Modify
D) Admit
  • 58. A diagram illustrating bullet trajectory is:
A) Documentary evidence
B) Real evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Testimonial evidence
  • 59. Court evaluates witness credibility based on:
A) All of the above
B) Probability
C) Demeanor
D) Consistency
  • 60. Case is dismissed due to lack of evidence. Failure relates to:
A) Weight of evidence
B) Sufficiency
C) Burden of proof
D) Admissibility
  • 61. A child witness hesitates but remains consistent. Weight?
A) Strong
B) Inadmissible
C) Neutral
D) Weak
  • 62. Which factor MOST affects reliability of DNA evidence?
A) Chain of custody integrity
B) Length of trial
C) Age of suspect
D) Type of crime
  • 63. Which court has jurisdiction over cases punishable by more than 6 years?
A) RTC
B) Court of Appeals
C) Sandiganbayan
D) MTC
  • 64. A complaint-affidavit lacking certification against forum shopping results in:
A) No effect
B) Nullity
C) Cure by amendmend
D) Automatic dismissal
  • 65. Which most affects venue in criminal cases?
A) Judge preference
B) Residence of accused
C) Place of commission
D) Police recommendation
  • 66. During preliminary investigation, respondent refuses to file counter-affidavit. Consequence?
A) Waiver of right
B) Automatic acquittal
C) Suspension of PI
D) Case dismissed
  • 67. Trial begins after:
A) Preliminary investigation
B) Arrest
C) Arraignment
D) Filing complaint
  • 68. Evidence presented after termination of trial is allowed only if:
A) Defense agrees
B) Judge allows in interest of justice
C) Witness appears late
D) Prosecution insist
  • 69. Sandiganbayan jurisdiction depends primarily on:
A) Position of accused
B) Amount involved
C) Number of victims
D) Location of offense
  • 70. To reduce clogged dockets, which procedural reform is MOST effective?
A) Requiring longer trials
B) Mandatory plea bargaining
C) More judges
D) Limiting caseloads
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