CLJ 4,5&6 (Wadab,2025)
  • 1. A foreign diplomat secretly gathers military information in the Philippines and sends it to his country, which is preparing for war. What crime is MOST appropriate?
A) Conspiracy to Commit Treason
B) Coup d'etat
C) Inciting to War
D) Espionage
  • 2. Treason requires adherence to the enemy. In analyzing the conduct of a Filipino nurse who treats wounded foreign soldiers invading the Philippines, which factor determines liability?
A) Whether she is a civilian
B) Whether she acted voluntarily
C) Whether she wore a uniform
D) Whether she was paid
  • 3. A news blogger criticizes the government, claiming it is “authoritarian,” but provides factual sources. Is this inciting to sedition?
A) Yes, because criticism equals sedition
B) Yes, because it undermines authority
C) No, because it lacks seditious intent
D) No, because bloggers are exempt
  • 4. Police officers arrest a man without warrant simply because he “looks suspicious.” Which right is primarily violated?
A) Right against unreasonable seizures
B) Right to privacy
C) Freedom of speech
D) Freedom of movement
  • 5. A mayor orders security personnel to block a critic from entering the city hall. Which crime applies?
A) Grave coercion
B) Arbitrary Detention
C) Violation of domicile
D) Illegal arrest
  • 6. A group attempts to seize a municipal hall using stolen firearms but fails. What crime?
A) Coup d'etat
B) Inciting to rebellion
C) Sedition
D) Rebellion
  • 7. You evaluate whether a private citizen who participated in rebellion as a medic is criminally liable. Which principle applies?
    A. Immunity of non-combatants
A) Absorption doctrine
B) Indeterminate sentence kaw
C) Proximate cause
D) Immunity of non-combatants
  • 8. A kidnapping victim voluntarily goes with the offender due to fear from a previous threat. Is kidnapping committed?
A) Yes, intimidation still constitutes deprivation
B) Yes, but only grave coercion
C) No, because the threat was past
D) No, because she went voluntarily
  • 9. A soldier arrests a civilian for a crime that has not yet been committed but may occur later. This is:
A) Abuse of authority
B) Arbitrary detention
C) Illegal arrest
D) Unlawful arrest
  • 10. Which action MOST seriously threatens national security?
A) Skipping mandatory civic duties
B) Sharing memes criticizing government
C) Refusing to pay taxes
D) Leaking military troop movements
  • 11. To prevent sedition in campuses, which measure is MOST constitutionally acceptable?
A) Mandatory reporting of dissenters
B) Establishing civic education programs
C) Surveillance of all student organizations
D) Total ban on political groups
  • 12. A journalist reveals classified information exposing corruption. Government charges him with espionage. Which element is missing?
A) Actual publication
B) Intent to aid a foreign power
C) Public interest
D) Possession of information
  • 13. A husband strikes his wife during an argument causing slight injuries. What determines if parricide applies?
A) Weapon used
B) Degree of provocation
C) Relationship
D) Severity of injuries
  • 14. A student pushes a classmate down the stairs during a prank, causing death. What crime?
A) Parricide
B) Reckless imprudence resulting to homicide
C) Murded
D) Homicide
  • 15. A store owner shoots a thief who is running away with a stolen phone. Is defense of property valid?
A) Yes, because firearm was licensed
B) Yes, the thief committed a crime
C) No, aggression had ended
D) Yes, because the item is valuable
  • 16. A person sets fire to the house to kill the occupants. What qualifying circumstance applies?
A) Treachery
B) By means of fire
C) Price or reward
D) Abuse of superiority
  • 17. A rapist threatens the victim’s mother to force the victim to submit. Which element of rape is present?
A) By grave abuse of authority
B) By taking advantage of relationship
C) By fraudulent machination
D) By force or intimidation
  • 18. Which scenario BEST qualifies as grave coercion?
A) Asking someone to run errands
B) Forcing someone to join a gang
C) Yelling at an employee
D) Warning a friend to stop wrongdoing
  • 19. A child finds a cellphone and sells it. What crime?
A) None if no intent to gain
B) Estafa
C) Theft
D) Fencing
  • 20. A person honestly believes a borrowed item was gifted to him and sells it. Which principle negates estafa?
A) Proximate cause
B) Mitigating circumstance
C) Good faith
D) Mistake of fact
  • 21. Which is the BEST indicator of murder rather than homicide?
A) Presence of qualifying circumstances
B) Public scandal
C) Lack of provocation
D) Use of firearm
  • 22. A mother abandons her newborn in a safe location intending someone to rescue the child. Crime?
A) Infanticide
B) Parricide
C) Abandonment of minor
D) Child abuse
  • 23. A landlord breaks the tenant’s door at night to demand unpaid rent. Which crime applies?
A) Physical injury
B) Coercion
C) Robbery
D) Trespass to dwelling
  • 24. Which act constitutes slander by deed?
A) Online insult
B) False accusation
C) Throwing mud at someone publicly
D) Posting defamatory content
  • 25. A driver jumps a red light and injures a pedestrian. Crime committed?
A) Malicious mischief
B) Attempted homicide
C) Reckless imprudence resulting in physical injuries
D) Direct physical injuries
  • 26. Which preventive policy BEST reduces quasi-offenses?
A) More prisons
B) Increased police visibility
C) Stricter punishment
D) Public education on negligence
  • 27. A pickpocket steals a wallet using slight force but does not intimidate the victim. Crime?
A) Robbery
B) coercion
C) Qualified theft
D) Theft
  • 28. Which situation BEST illustrates unjust vexation?
A) Threats
B) Destroying property
C) Physical evidence
D) Annoying acts without serious harm
  • 29. A man marries two women under different identities. Crime?
A) concubinage
B) bigamy
C) Adultery
D) Illegal marriage
  • 30. A professional spreads false claims about a colleague's incompetence. Crime?
A) Slander by deed
B) Libel
C) Intriguing against honor
D) Oral defamation
  • 31. A person modifies a gun without license. Violation?
A) RA 10883
B) RA 9165
C) RA 9208
D) RA 10591
  • 32. Which act shows trafficking rather than simple illegal recruitment?
A) Failure to provide employment
B) Recruiting minors for work abroad
C) Transporting a worker without contract
D) Recruitment with exploitation
  • 33. Which best qualifies as carnapping under RA 10883?
A) Forced taking of a tricycle
B) Using a stolen motorcycle unknowingly
C) Borrowing a car and returning it late
D) Stealing a car parked on the street
  • 34. Someone buys jewelry knowing it was stolen. Crime?
A) Theft
B) Estafa
C) Fencing
D) Robbery
  • 35. A hazing results in injuries but no death. Which law applies?
A) RA 8049
B) RA 10591
C) RA 9160
D) RA 10175
  • 36. Which act MOST clearly constitutes cyber-libel?
A) Posting false defamatory claims
B) Unintentional sharing of wrong info
C) Posting criticism online
D) Sharing a meme
  • 37. A witness testifies about what another person told him. Court evaluates admissibility under:
A) Parol evidence rule
B) Best evidence rule
C) Opinion rule
D) Hearsay rule
  • 38. A broken knife found at the crime scene is offered. This is:
A) Documentary evidence
B) Secondary evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Real evidence
  • 39. Which evidence carries the MOST weight?
A) Rumors
B) CCTV clear footage
C) Eyewitness under stress
D) Hearsay with exception
  • 40. A contract photocopy is presented because the original burned in a fire. Admissible?
A) Yes, as secondary evidence
B) No, requires expert testimony
C) Yes, as real evidence
D) Never
  • 41. Burden of proof in criminal cases is on the:
A) Accused
B) defense
C) Court
D) Prosecution
  • 42. Which is the STRONGEST circumstantial evidence?
A) Suspect's silence
B) Opportunity and weapon possession
C) Motive alone
D) Presence near crime scene
  • 43. A dying victim identifies the attacker. This is allowed because:
A) Best evidence rule
B) Part of res gestae
C) Verbal act rule
D) Dying declaration exception
  • 44. A text message screenshot is offered. Court must first determine:
A) relevance
B) All of the above
C) authorship
D) reliability
  • 45. Which illustrates improper opinion testimony?
A) Expert analyzing blood
B) Lay witness identifying someone
C) Expert on digital forensics testifying about devices
D) Lay witness giving medical opinion
  • 46. A confession made after 12 hours without counsel is:
A) Admissible
B) Secondary evidence
C) Inadmissible
D) Voluntary
  • 47. Document signed using thumbmark must be authenticated by:
A) Notary
B) Court clerk
C) Any witness
D) Subscribing witness
  • 48. Which scenario makes evidence inadmissible?
A) Given under subpoena
B) Voluntarily given by accused
C) Discovered accidentally
D) Obtained without warrant and not an exception
  • 49. Fingerprints lifted from the scene are:
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Real evidence
  • 50. A witness saw the accused only briefly at night. Reliability depends on:
A) Lawyer's objections
B) Judge's impression
C) Lighting conditions
D) Age of witness
  • 51. Which is MOST persuasive in a rape case?
A) Rumors
B) Victims's prompt complaint
C) Victim's delay reporting
D) Anonymous tip
  • 52. What presumption applies if a mailed letter is shown properly addressed and stamped?
A) Presumption of fraud
B) Presumption of regularity
C) Presumption of innocence
D) Presumption of delivery
  • 53. A police officer testifies about the steps taken in handling evidence. This refers to:
A) Burden of proof
B) Impeachment
C) Opinion testimony
D) Chain of custody
  • 54. Counsel objects to testimony after question answered. Ruling?
A) Waived
B) Stricken off
C) Sustained
D) Admissible
  • 55. Evidence must be objected to:
A) At closing arguments
B) After cross-examination
C) Anytime
D) Before answer is given
  • 56. Which evidence is sufficient for conviction?
A) Preponderance of evidence
B) Belief of judge
C) Reasonable suspicion
D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
  • 57. If evidence is irrelevant but material, what is the court likely to do?
A) Reject
B) Defer
C) Admit
D) Modify
  • 58. A diagram illustrating bullet trajectory is:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Real evidence
  • 59. Court evaluates witness credibility based on:
A) Probability
B) All of the above
C) Demeanor
D) Consistency
  • 60. Case is dismissed due to lack of evidence. Failure relates to:
A) Weight of evidence
B) Burden of proof
C) Admissibility
D) Sufficiency
  • 61. A child witness hesitates but remains consistent. Weight?
A) Neutral
B) Strong
C) Inadmissible
D) Weak
  • 62. Which factor MOST affects reliability of DNA evidence?
A) Age of suspect
B) Chain of custody integrity
C) Type of crime
D) Length of trial
  • 63. Which court has jurisdiction over cases punishable by more than 6 years?
A) Sandiganbayan
B) RTC
C) Court of Appeals
D) MTC
  • 64. A complaint-affidavit lacking certification against forum shopping results in:
A) Automatic dismissal
B) Cure by amendmend
C) Nullity
D) No effect
  • 65. Which most affects venue in criminal cases?
A) Judge preference
B) Police recommendation
C) Place of commission
D) Residence of accused
  • 66. During preliminary investigation, respondent refuses to file counter-affidavit. Consequence?
A) Waiver of right
B) Automatic acquittal
C) Suspension of PI
D) Case dismissed
  • 67. Trial begins after:
A) Arraignment
B) Preliminary investigation
C) Filing complaint
D) Arrest
  • 68. Evidence presented after termination of trial is allowed only if:
A) Judge allows in interest of justice
B) Witness appears late
C) Prosecution insist
D) Defense agrees
  • 69. Sandiganbayan jurisdiction depends primarily on:
A) Number of victims
B) Amount involved
C) Location of offense
D) Position of accused
  • 70. To reduce clogged dockets, which procedural reform is MOST effective?
A) Limiting caseloads
B) Requiring longer trials
C) More judges
D) Mandatory plea bargaining
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