CLJ 4,5&6 (Wadab,2025)
  • 1. A foreign diplomat secretly gathers military information in the Philippines and sends it to his country, which is preparing for war. What crime is MOST appropriate?
A) Espionage
B) Inciting to War
C) Conspiracy to Commit Treason
D) Coup d'etat
  • 2. Treason requires adherence to the enemy. In analyzing the conduct of a Filipino nurse who treats wounded foreign soldiers invading the Philippines, which factor determines liability?
A) Whether she was paid
B) Whether she acted voluntarily
C) Whether she wore a uniform
D) Whether she is a civilian
  • 3. A news blogger criticizes the government, claiming it is “authoritarian,” but provides factual sources. Is this inciting to sedition?
A) No, because it lacks seditious intent
B) Yes, because criticism equals sedition
C) Yes, because it undermines authority
D) No, because bloggers are exempt
  • 4. Police officers arrest a man without warrant simply because he “looks suspicious.” Which right is primarily violated?
A) Freedom of speech
B) Right against unreasonable seizures
C) Right to privacy
D) Freedom of movement
  • 5. A mayor orders security personnel to block a critic from entering the city hall. Which crime applies?
A) Violation of domicile
B) Illegal arrest
C) Arbitrary Detention
D) Grave coercion
  • 6. A group attempts to seize a municipal hall using stolen firearms but fails. What crime?
A) Inciting to rebellion
B) Coup d'etat
C) Rebellion
D) Sedition
  • 7. You evaluate whether a private citizen who participated in rebellion as a medic is criminally liable. Which principle applies?
    A. Immunity of non-combatants
A) Proximate cause
B) Absorption doctrine
C) Indeterminate sentence kaw
D) Immunity of non-combatants
  • 8. A kidnapping victim voluntarily goes with the offender due to fear from a previous threat. Is kidnapping committed?
A) No, because the threat was past
B) No, because she went voluntarily
C) Yes, but only grave coercion
D) Yes, intimidation still constitutes deprivation
  • 9. A soldier arrests a civilian for a crime that has not yet been committed but may occur later. This is:
A) Illegal arrest
B) Unlawful arrest
C) Abuse of authority
D) Arbitrary detention
  • 10. Which action MOST seriously threatens national security?
A) Refusing to pay taxes
B) Skipping mandatory civic duties
C) Sharing memes criticizing government
D) Leaking military troop movements
  • 11. To prevent sedition in campuses, which measure is MOST constitutionally acceptable?
A) Surveillance of all student organizations
B) Mandatory reporting of dissenters
C) Establishing civic education programs
D) Total ban on political groups
  • 12. A journalist reveals classified information exposing corruption. Government charges him with espionage. Which element is missing?
A) Public interest
B) Intent to aid a foreign power
C) Possession of information
D) Actual publication
  • 13. A husband strikes his wife during an argument causing slight injuries. What determines if parricide applies?
A) Relationship
B) Severity of injuries
C) Degree of provocation
D) Weapon used
  • 14. A student pushes a classmate down the stairs during a prank, causing death. What crime?
A) Reckless imprudence resulting to homicide
B) Parricide
C) Homicide
D) Murded
  • 15. A store owner shoots a thief who is running away with a stolen phone. Is defense of property valid?
A) Yes, because the item is valuable
B) Yes, the thief committed a crime
C) Yes, because firearm was licensed
D) No, aggression had ended
  • 16. A person sets fire to the house to kill the occupants. What qualifying circumstance applies?
A) By means of fire
B) Treachery
C) Abuse of superiority
D) Price or reward
  • 17. A rapist threatens the victim’s mother to force the victim to submit. Which element of rape is present?
A) By taking advantage of relationship
B) By grave abuse of authority
C) By fraudulent machination
D) By force or intimidation
  • 18. Which scenario BEST qualifies as grave coercion?
A) Yelling at an employee
B) Forcing someone to join a gang
C) Asking someone to run errands
D) Warning a friend to stop wrongdoing
  • 19. A child finds a cellphone and sells it. What crime?
A) Fencing
B) Theft
C) Estafa
D) None if no intent to gain
  • 20. A person honestly believes a borrowed item was gifted to him and sells it. Which principle negates estafa?
A) Proximate cause
B) Good faith
C) Mistake of fact
D) Mitigating circumstance
  • 21. Which is the BEST indicator of murder rather than homicide?
A) Public scandal
B) Lack of provocation
C) Use of firearm
D) Presence of qualifying circumstances
  • 22. A mother abandons her newborn in a safe location intending someone to rescue the child. Crime?
A) Child abuse
B) Parricide
C) Abandonment of minor
D) Infanticide
  • 23. A landlord breaks the tenant’s door at night to demand unpaid rent. Which crime applies?
A) Trespass to dwelling
B) Robbery
C) Coercion
D) Physical injury
  • 24. Which act constitutes slander by deed?
A) Posting defamatory content
B) False accusation
C) Throwing mud at someone publicly
D) Online insult
  • 25. A driver jumps a red light and injures a pedestrian. Crime committed?
A) Attempted homicide
B) Direct physical injuries
C) Malicious mischief
D) Reckless imprudence resulting in physical injuries
  • 26. Which preventive policy BEST reduces quasi-offenses?
A) Stricter punishment
B) Increased police visibility
C) More prisons
D) Public education on negligence
  • 27. A pickpocket steals a wallet using slight force but does not intimidate the victim. Crime?
A) coercion
B) Qualified theft
C) Robbery
D) Theft
  • 28. Which situation BEST illustrates unjust vexation?
A) Destroying property
B) Physical evidence
C) Annoying acts without serious harm
D) Threats
  • 29. A man marries two women under different identities. Crime?
A) Illegal marriage
B) Adultery
C) concubinage
D) bigamy
  • 30. A professional spreads false claims about a colleague's incompetence. Crime?
A) Oral defamation
B) Libel
C) Slander by deed
D) Intriguing against honor
  • 31. A person modifies a gun without license. Violation?
A) RA 10591
B) RA 10883
C) RA 9208
D) RA 9165
  • 32. Which act shows trafficking rather than simple illegal recruitment?
A) Failure to provide employment
B) Recruiting minors for work abroad
C) Transporting a worker without contract
D) Recruitment with exploitation
  • 33. Which best qualifies as carnapping under RA 10883?
A) Forced taking of a tricycle
B) Stealing a car parked on the street
C) Using a stolen motorcycle unknowingly
D) Borrowing a car and returning it late
  • 34. Someone buys jewelry knowing it was stolen. Crime?
A) Fencing
B) Robbery
C) Estafa
D) Theft
  • 35. A hazing results in injuries but no death. Which law applies?
A) RA 9160
B) RA 10175
C) RA 10591
D) RA 8049
  • 36. Which act MOST clearly constitutes cyber-libel?
A) Unintentional sharing of wrong info
B) Sharing a meme
C) Posting criticism online
D) Posting false defamatory claims
  • 37. A witness testifies about what another person told him. Court evaluates admissibility under:
A) Best evidence rule
B) Hearsay rule
C) Parol evidence rule
D) Opinion rule
  • 38. A broken knife found at the crime scene is offered. This is:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Secondary evidence
C) Real evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 39. Which evidence carries the MOST weight?
A) Eyewitness under stress
B) CCTV clear footage
C) Hearsay with exception
D) Rumors
  • 40. A contract photocopy is presented because the original burned in a fire. Admissible?
A) No, requires expert testimony
B) Yes, as real evidence
C) Never
D) Yes, as secondary evidence
  • 41. Burden of proof in criminal cases is on the:
A) Court
B) Prosecution
C) Accused
D) defense
  • 42. Which is the STRONGEST circumstantial evidence?
A) Suspect's silence
B) Opportunity and weapon possession
C) Motive alone
D) Presence near crime scene
  • 43. A dying victim identifies the attacker. This is allowed because:
A) Part of res gestae
B) Best evidence rule
C) Dying declaration exception
D) Verbal act rule
  • 44. A text message screenshot is offered. Court must first determine:
A) authorship
B) All of the above
C) relevance
D) reliability
  • 45. Which illustrates improper opinion testimony?
A) Expert analyzing blood
B) Lay witness giving medical opinion
C) Expert on digital forensics testifying about devices
D) Lay witness identifying someone
  • 46. A confession made after 12 hours without counsel is:
A) Secondary evidence
B) Inadmissible
C) Admissible
D) Voluntary
  • 47. Document signed using thumbmark must be authenticated by:
A) Subscribing witness
B) Any witness
C) Court clerk
D) Notary
  • 48. Which scenario makes evidence inadmissible?
A) Obtained without warrant and not an exception
B) Discovered accidentally
C) Given under subpoena
D) Voluntarily given by accused
  • 49. Fingerprints lifted from the scene are:
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Real evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Testimonial evidence
  • 50. A witness saw the accused only briefly at night. Reliability depends on:
A) Age of witness
B) Lawyer's objections
C) Lighting conditions
D) Judge's impression
  • 51. Which is MOST persuasive in a rape case?
A) Rumors
B) Anonymous tip
C) Victim's delay reporting
D) Victims's prompt complaint
  • 52. What presumption applies if a mailed letter is shown properly addressed and stamped?
A) Presumption of delivery
B) Presumption of innocence
C) Presumption of fraud
D) Presumption of regularity
  • 53. A police officer testifies about the steps taken in handling evidence. This refers to:
A) Impeachment
B) Burden of proof
C) Chain of custody
D) Opinion testimony
  • 54. Counsel objects to testimony after question answered. Ruling?
A) Waived
B) Stricken off
C) Sustained
D) Admissible
  • 55. Evidence must be objected to:
A) At closing arguments
B) After cross-examination
C) Before answer is given
D) Anytime
  • 56. Which evidence is sufficient for conviction?
A) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
B) Belief of judge
C) Reasonable suspicion
D) Preponderance of evidence
  • 57. If evidence is irrelevant but material, what is the court likely to do?
A) Reject
B) Modify
C) Admit
D) Defer
  • 58. A diagram illustrating bullet trajectory is:
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Real evidence
D) Testimonial evidence
  • 59. Court evaluates witness credibility based on:
A) All of the above
B) Demeanor
C) Probability
D) Consistency
  • 60. Case is dismissed due to lack of evidence. Failure relates to:
A) Burden of proof
B) Sufficiency
C) Weight of evidence
D) Admissibility
  • 61. A child witness hesitates but remains consistent. Weight?
A) Strong
B) Neutral
C) Inadmissible
D) Weak
  • 62. Which factor MOST affects reliability of DNA evidence?
A) Age of suspect
B) Length of trial
C) Type of crime
D) Chain of custody integrity
  • 63. Which court has jurisdiction over cases punishable by more than 6 years?
A) Court of Appeals
B) RTC
C) Sandiganbayan
D) MTC
  • 64. A complaint-affidavit lacking certification against forum shopping results in:
A) Automatic dismissal
B) Nullity
C) Cure by amendmend
D) No effect
  • 65. Which most affects venue in criminal cases?
A) Place of commission
B) Judge preference
C) Residence of accused
D) Police recommendation
  • 66. During preliminary investigation, respondent refuses to file counter-affidavit. Consequence?
A) Waiver of right
B) Automatic acquittal
C) Suspension of PI
D) Case dismissed
  • 67. Trial begins after:
A) Preliminary investigation
B) Filing complaint
C) Arrest
D) Arraignment
  • 68. Evidence presented after termination of trial is allowed only if:
A) Prosecution insist
B) Judge allows in interest of justice
C) Defense agrees
D) Witness appears late
  • 69. Sandiganbayan jurisdiction depends primarily on:
A) Position of accused
B) Location of offense
C) Number of victims
D) Amount involved
  • 70. To reduce clogged dockets, which procedural reform is MOST effective?
A) Limiting caseloads
B) More judges
C) Mandatory plea bargaining
D) Requiring longer trials
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