CLJ 4,5&6 (Wadab,2025)
  • 1. A foreign diplomat secretly gathers military information in the Philippines and sends it to his country, which is preparing for war. What crime is MOST appropriate?
A) Espionage
B) Conspiracy to Commit Treason
C) Coup d'etat
D) Inciting to War
  • 2. Treason requires adherence to the enemy. In analyzing the conduct of a Filipino nurse who treats wounded foreign soldiers invading the Philippines, which factor determines liability?
A) Whether she is a civilian
B) Whether she was paid
C) Whether she acted voluntarily
D) Whether she wore a uniform
  • 3. A news blogger criticizes the government, claiming it is “authoritarian,” but provides factual sources. Is this inciting to sedition?
A) Yes, because it undermines authority
B) No, because bloggers are exempt
C) No, because it lacks seditious intent
D) Yes, because criticism equals sedition
  • 4. Police officers arrest a man without warrant simply because he “looks suspicious.” Which right is primarily violated?
A) Right against unreasonable seizures
B) Right to privacy
C) Freedom of speech
D) Freedom of movement
  • 5. A mayor orders security personnel to block a critic from entering the city hall. Which crime applies?
A) Violation of domicile
B) Arbitrary Detention
C) Illegal arrest
D) Grave coercion
  • 6. A group attempts to seize a municipal hall using stolen firearms but fails. What crime?
A) Sedition
B) Coup d'etat
C) Rebellion
D) Inciting to rebellion
  • 7. You evaluate whether a private citizen who participated in rebellion as a medic is criminally liable. Which principle applies?
    A. Immunity of non-combatants
A) Absorption doctrine
B) Indeterminate sentence kaw
C) Immunity of non-combatants
D) Proximate cause
  • 8. A kidnapping victim voluntarily goes with the offender due to fear from a previous threat. Is kidnapping committed?
A) No, because the threat was past
B) Yes, but only grave coercion
C) No, because she went voluntarily
D) Yes, intimidation still constitutes deprivation
  • 9. A soldier arrests a civilian for a crime that has not yet been committed but may occur later. This is:
A) Illegal arrest
B) Unlawful arrest
C) Arbitrary detention
D) Abuse of authority
  • 10. Which action MOST seriously threatens national security?
A) Leaking military troop movements
B) Refusing to pay taxes
C) Skipping mandatory civic duties
D) Sharing memes criticizing government
  • 11. To prevent sedition in campuses, which measure is MOST constitutionally acceptable?
A) Establishing civic education programs
B) Total ban on political groups
C) Mandatory reporting of dissenters
D) Surveillance of all student organizations
  • 12. A journalist reveals classified information exposing corruption. Government charges him with espionage. Which element is missing?
A) Possession of information
B) Public interest
C) Intent to aid a foreign power
D) Actual publication
  • 13. A husband strikes his wife during an argument causing slight injuries. What determines if parricide applies?
A) Severity of injuries
B) Degree of provocation
C) Relationship
D) Weapon used
  • 14. A student pushes a classmate down the stairs during a prank, causing death. What crime?
A) Murded
B) Reckless imprudence resulting to homicide
C) Parricide
D) Homicide
  • 15. A store owner shoots a thief who is running away with a stolen phone. Is defense of property valid?
A) Yes, because the item is valuable
B) No, aggression had ended
C) Yes, because firearm was licensed
D) Yes, the thief committed a crime
  • 16. A person sets fire to the house to kill the occupants. What qualifying circumstance applies?
A) Price or reward
B) Abuse of superiority
C) By means of fire
D) Treachery
  • 17. A rapist threatens the victim’s mother to force the victim to submit. Which element of rape is present?
A) By grave abuse of authority
B) By fraudulent machination
C) By taking advantage of relationship
D) By force or intimidation
  • 18. Which scenario BEST qualifies as grave coercion?
A) Yelling at an employee
B) Asking someone to run errands
C) Warning a friend to stop wrongdoing
D) Forcing someone to join a gang
  • 19. A child finds a cellphone and sells it. What crime?
A) Fencing
B) None if no intent to gain
C) Theft
D) Estafa
  • 20. A person honestly believes a borrowed item was gifted to him and sells it. Which principle negates estafa?
A) Proximate cause
B) Mistake of fact
C) Good faith
D) Mitigating circumstance
  • 21. Which is the BEST indicator of murder rather than homicide?
A) Use of firearm
B) Public scandal
C) Lack of provocation
D) Presence of qualifying circumstances
  • 22. A mother abandons her newborn in a safe location intending someone to rescue the child. Crime?
A) Infanticide
B) Abandonment of minor
C) Parricide
D) Child abuse
  • 23. A landlord breaks the tenant’s door at night to demand unpaid rent. Which crime applies?
A) Trespass to dwelling
B) Physical injury
C) Robbery
D) Coercion
  • 24. Which act constitutes slander by deed?
A) Online insult
B) False accusation
C) Posting defamatory content
D) Throwing mud at someone publicly
  • 25. A driver jumps a red light and injures a pedestrian. Crime committed?
A) Malicious mischief
B) Reckless imprudence resulting in physical injuries
C) Direct physical injuries
D) Attempted homicide
  • 26. Which preventive policy BEST reduces quasi-offenses?
A) Increased police visibility
B) More prisons
C) Stricter punishment
D) Public education on negligence
  • 27. A pickpocket steals a wallet using slight force but does not intimidate the victim. Crime?
A) Robbery
B) Theft
C) Qualified theft
D) coercion
  • 28. Which situation BEST illustrates unjust vexation?
A) Annoying acts without serious harm
B) Threats
C) Destroying property
D) Physical evidence
  • 29. A man marries two women under different identities. Crime?
A) Illegal marriage
B) Adultery
C) concubinage
D) bigamy
  • 30. A professional spreads false claims about a colleague's incompetence. Crime?
A) Oral defamation
B) Libel
C) Intriguing against honor
D) Slander by deed
  • 31. A person modifies a gun without license. Violation?
A) RA 9165
B) RA 9208
C) RA 10883
D) RA 10591
  • 32. Which act shows trafficking rather than simple illegal recruitment?
A) Failure to provide employment
B) Transporting a worker without contract
C) Recruitment with exploitation
D) Recruiting minors for work abroad
  • 33. Which best qualifies as carnapping under RA 10883?
A) Forced taking of a tricycle
B) Stealing a car parked on the street
C) Borrowing a car and returning it late
D) Using a stolen motorcycle unknowingly
  • 34. Someone buys jewelry knowing it was stolen. Crime?
A) Fencing
B) Estafa
C) Theft
D) Robbery
  • 35. A hazing results in injuries but no death. Which law applies?
A) RA 10175
B) RA 10591
C) RA 9160
D) RA 8049
  • 36. Which act MOST clearly constitutes cyber-libel?
A) Posting criticism online
B) Sharing a meme
C) Posting false defamatory claims
D) Unintentional sharing of wrong info
  • 37. A witness testifies about what another person told him. Court evaluates admissibility under:
A) Best evidence rule
B) Opinion rule
C) Hearsay rule
D) Parol evidence rule
  • 38. A broken knife found at the crime scene is offered. This is:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Real evidence
C) Secondary evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 39. Which evidence carries the MOST weight?
A) Rumors
B) Eyewitness under stress
C) CCTV clear footage
D) Hearsay with exception
  • 40. A contract photocopy is presented because the original burned in a fire. Admissible?
A) No, requires expert testimony
B) Yes, as secondary evidence
C) Yes, as real evidence
D) Never
  • 41. Burden of proof in criminal cases is on the:
A) Prosecution
B) defense
C) Court
D) Accused
  • 42. Which is the STRONGEST circumstantial evidence?
A) Opportunity and weapon possession
B) Suspect's silence
C) Presence near crime scene
D) Motive alone
  • 43. A dying victim identifies the attacker. This is allowed because:
A) Dying declaration exception
B) Best evidence rule
C) Part of res gestae
D) Verbal act rule
  • 44. A text message screenshot is offered. Court must first determine:
A) relevance
B) All of the above
C) reliability
D) authorship
  • 45. Which illustrates improper opinion testimony?
A) Expert on digital forensics testifying about devices
B) Lay witness giving medical opinion
C) Expert analyzing blood
D) Lay witness identifying someone
  • 46. A confession made after 12 hours without counsel is:
A) Secondary evidence
B) Admissible
C) Inadmissible
D) Voluntary
  • 47. Document signed using thumbmark must be authenticated by:
A) Subscribing witness
B) Any witness
C) Court clerk
D) Notary
  • 48. Which scenario makes evidence inadmissible?
A) Discovered accidentally
B) Voluntarily given by accused
C) Given under subpoena
D) Obtained without warrant and not an exception
  • 49. Fingerprints lifted from the scene are:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Demonstrative evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Real evidence
  • 50. A witness saw the accused only briefly at night. Reliability depends on:
A) Lighting conditions
B) Judge's impression
C) Lawyer's objections
D) Age of witness
  • 51. Which is MOST persuasive in a rape case?
A) Rumors
B) Victim's delay reporting
C) Victims's prompt complaint
D) Anonymous tip
  • 52. What presumption applies if a mailed letter is shown properly addressed and stamped?
A) Presumption of fraud
B) Presumption of innocence
C) Presumption of regularity
D) Presumption of delivery
  • 53. A police officer testifies about the steps taken in handling evidence. This refers to:
A) Opinion testimony
B) Burden of proof
C) Chain of custody
D) Impeachment
  • 54. Counsel objects to testimony after question answered. Ruling?
A) Waived
B) Admissible
C) Sustained
D) Stricken off
  • 55. Evidence must be objected to:
A) At closing arguments
B) After cross-examination
C) Before answer is given
D) Anytime
  • 56. Which evidence is sufficient for conviction?
A) Preponderance of evidence
B) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
C) Reasonable suspicion
D) Belief of judge
  • 57. If evidence is irrelevant but material, what is the court likely to do?
A) Modify
B) Admit
C) Defer
D) Reject
  • 58. A diagram illustrating bullet trajectory is:
A) Real evidence
B) Demonstrative evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Testimonial evidence
  • 59. Court evaluates witness credibility based on:
A) Probability
B) Demeanor
C) All of the above
D) Consistency
  • 60. Case is dismissed due to lack of evidence. Failure relates to:
A) Burden of proof
B) Weight of evidence
C) Admissibility
D) Sufficiency
  • 61. A child witness hesitates but remains consistent. Weight?
A) Inadmissible
B) Weak
C) Neutral
D) Strong
  • 62. Which factor MOST affects reliability of DNA evidence?
A) Age of suspect
B) Length of trial
C) Type of crime
D) Chain of custody integrity
  • 63. Which court has jurisdiction over cases punishable by more than 6 years?
A) MTC
B) Court of Appeals
C) Sandiganbayan
D) RTC
  • 64. A complaint-affidavit lacking certification against forum shopping results in:
A) Automatic dismissal
B) No effect
C) Nullity
D) Cure by amendmend
  • 65. Which most affects venue in criminal cases?
A) Judge preference
B) Police recommendation
C) Residence of accused
D) Place of commission
  • 66. During preliminary investigation, respondent refuses to file counter-affidavit. Consequence?
A) Case dismissed
B) Automatic acquittal
C) Suspension of PI
D) Waiver of right
  • 67. Trial begins after:
A) Filing complaint
B) Preliminary investigation
C) Arraignment
D) Arrest
  • 68. Evidence presented after termination of trial is allowed only if:
A) Witness appears late
B) Prosecution insist
C) Judge allows in interest of justice
D) Defense agrees
  • 69. Sandiganbayan jurisdiction depends primarily on:
A) Number of victims
B) Amount involved
C) Position of accused
D) Location of offense
  • 70. To reduce clogged dockets, which procedural reform is MOST effective?
A) Limiting caseloads
B) More judges
C) Mandatory plea bargaining
D) Requiring longer trials
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