- 1. Albert Einstein, one of the most profound physicists in history, revolutionized our understanding of light and matter through his groundbreaking theories in the early 20th century. His work introduced the concept of light quanta, later known as photons, depicting light not merely as a wave but as a stream of discrete packets of energy. This notion was essential in explaining the photoelectric effect, where light shining on a material can eject electrons, a phenomenon that classical wave theories struggled to elucidate. This discovery not only confirmed the particle-like properties of light but also led to the development of quantum mechanics, fundamentally altering our comprehension of the atomic world. Einstein's insights into chemical bonding and atomic structure illuminated how atoms interact through electromagnetic forces, allowing for the creation of matter as we know it. His contributions underscored the dual nature of light—a particle and a wave—showing that the universe operates on principles beyond classical physics, paving the way for innovations that would define modern physics and technology, from lasers to semiconductors.
Who is known for the theory of relativity?
A) Nikola Tesla
B) Isaac Newton
C) Galileo Galilei
D) Albert Einstein
- 2. What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
A) 100,000,000 meters per second
B) 150,000 meters per second
C) 299,792,458 meters per second
D) 500,000,000 meters per second
- 3. What does E=mc2 represent?
A) Equivalence of mass and energy
B) Atomic structure
C) Electromagnetic wave equation
D) Velocity formula
- 4. Which experiment demonstrated the wave-particle duality of light?
A) Stern-Gerlach experiment
B) Compton scattering
C) Double-slit experiment
D) Michelson-Morley experiment
- 5. Who formulated the uncertainty principle?
A) Werner Heisenberg
B) Niels Bohr
C) Erwin Schrödinger
D) Max Planck
A) An electron neutrino
B) A unit of magnetic field
C) A fundamental particle of light
D) A type of quark
- 7. In the photoelectric effect, what happens when light hits a metal surface?
A) The metal expands
B) The metal heats up
C) The metal changes color
D) Electrons are ejected from the metal
- 8. Which property of light can be explained using photon theory?
A) Interference
B) Diffraction
C) Photoelectric effect
D) Polarization
- 9. What is the term for the smallest unit of light?
A) Photon
B) Boson
C) Neutrino
D) Quark
- 10. What are the energy levels in an atom where electrons can exist called?
A) Neutrons
B) Orbitals
C) Protons
D) Shells
- 11. Who was the first physicist to propose the existence of quantized energy levels in atoms?
A) Werner Heisenberg
B) Louis de Broglie
C) Erwin Schrödinger
D) Niels Bohr
- 12. What happens in quantum superposition?
A) Particles exhibit wave-particle duality
B) State decays to a single possibility
C) Particles are entangled at a distance
D) State of a system is a combination of multiple states simultaneously
- 13. What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle in atomic physics?
A) Electrons have fixed trajectories
B) No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers
C) Electrons repel each other
D) Electrons attract protons
- 14. Which property of light is used in calculating the energy of a photon?
A) Amplitude
B) Wavelength
C) Speed
D) Frequency
- 15. Who proposed the wave-particle duality principle?
A) Werner Heisenberg
B) Louis de Broglie
C) Max Planck
D) Erwin Schrödinger
- 16. In which year did Albert Einstein receive the Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect?
A) 1915
B) 1905
C) 1921
D) 1931
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