- 1. Albert Einstein, one of the most profound physicists in history, revolutionized our understanding of light and matter through his groundbreaking theories in the early 20th century. His work introduced the concept of light quanta, later known as photons, depicting light not merely as a wave but as a stream of discrete packets of energy. This notion was essential in explaining the photoelectric effect, where light shining on a material can eject electrons, a phenomenon that classical wave theories struggled to elucidate. This discovery not only confirmed the particle-like properties of light but also led to the development of quantum mechanics, fundamentally altering our comprehension of the atomic world. Einstein's insights into chemical bonding and atomic structure illuminated how atoms interact through electromagnetic forces, allowing for the creation of matter as we know it. His contributions underscored the dual nature of light—a particle and a wave—showing that the universe operates on principles beyond classical physics, paving the way for innovations that would define modern physics and technology, from lasers to semiconductors.
Who is known for the theory of relativity?
A) Galileo Galilei B) Isaac Newton C) Nikola Tesla D) Albert Einstein
- 2. What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
A) 500,000,000 meters per second B) 100,000,000 meters per second C) 299,792,458 meters per second D) 150,000 meters per second
- 3. What does E=mc2 represent?
A) Equivalence of mass and energy B) Velocity formula C) Atomic structure D) Electromagnetic wave equation
- 4. Which experiment demonstrated the wave-particle duality of light?
A) Michelson-Morley experiment B) Double-slit experiment C) Stern-Gerlach experiment D) Compton scattering
- 5. Who formulated the uncertainty principle?
A) Werner Heisenberg B) Max Planck C) Erwin Schrödinger D) Niels Bohr
A) A type of quark B) A fundamental particle of light C) An electron neutrino D) A unit of magnetic field
- 7. In the photoelectric effect, what happens when light hits a metal surface?
A) The metal changes color B) The metal heats up C) The metal expands D) Electrons are ejected from the metal
- 8. Which property of light can be explained using photon theory?
A) Diffraction B) Photoelectric effect C) Polarization D) Interference
- 9. What is the term for the smallest unit of light?
A) Photon B) Quark C) Boson D) Neutrino
- 10. What are the energy levels in an atom where electrons can exist called?
A) Orbitals B) Neutrons C) Shells D) Protons
- 11. Who was the first physicist to propose the existence of quantized energy levels in atoms?
A) Niels Bohr B) Louis de Broglie C) Werner Heisenberg D) Erwin Schrödinger
- 12. What happens in quantum superposition?
A) State decays to a single possibility B) State of a system is a combination of multiple states simultaneously C) Particles exhibit wave-particle duality D) Particles are entangled at a distance
- 13. What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle in atomic physics?
A) No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers B) Electrons have fixed trajectories C) Electrons repel each other D) Electrons attract protons
- 14. Which property of light is used in calculating the energy of a photon?
A) Frequency B) Speed C) Amplitude D) Wavelength
- 15. Who proposed the wave-particle duality principle?
A) Werner Heisenberg B) Erwin Schrödinger C) Louis de Broglie D) Max Planck
- 16. In which year did Albert Einstein receive the Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect?
A) 1921 B) 1915 C) 1905 D) 1931
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