A) A defense of religious orthodoxy against scientific progress. B) The critique of modern political philosophy and the recovery of classical natural right. C) An analysis of 20th-century historical methodologies. D) A history of economic thought from antiquity to the present.
A) Its rejection of classical natural right in favor of historicism and positivism. B) Its failure to adequately address climate change. C) Its reliance on religious dogma for its foundations. D) Its focus on individual rights over communal obligations.
A) A more accurate and scientific understanding of history. B) The inevitable progress of human civilization. C) Nihilism, or the denial of any objective standard of right. D) The unification of all world religions.
A) Karl Marx. B) Thomas Hobbes. C) John Locke. D) Immanuel Kant.
A) To cultivate virtue and facilitate the good life for its citizens. B) To ensure complete equality of outcome for all members. C) To achieve global hegemony through military power. D) To maximize individual wealth and material prosperity.
A) Because it is based on a permanent and unchanging human nature. B) Because it only applies to Greek city-states. C) Because it was invented in the 18th century. D) Because the ancients had no concept of history.
A) It is the fundamental tension between philosophy and revelation that must be addressed. B) It is the title of a book by John Dewey. C) It is a minor dispute in medieval theology. D) It is the problem of separating church and state in the modern era.
A) Epicurus. B) Lucretius. C) Plato. D) Plotinus.
A) Ancient right focuses on duties and the good life, while modern focuses on rights and self-preservation. B) Ancient right applied only to citizens, modern right applies to all humans. C) Ancient right was theological, modern right is scientific. D) There is no essential difference between them.
A) Statistical analysis of word frequency. B) Deconstruction of the author's logical contradictions. C) Careful exegesis and attention to the author's esoteric meaning. D) Psychoanalysis of the author's subconscious motives.
A) A dogmatic system of beliefs. B) An experimental form of science. C) A philosophy that is seeking or questioning rather than possessing full wisdom. D) A philosophy based on Zen Buddhism.
A) To encrypt their messages from foreign spies. B) To protect philosophy from political persecution and to guide potential philosophers. C) Because they were confused and unable to express themselves clearly. D) To make their books more popular and sell more copies.
A) As a orthodox Thomist philosopher. B) As the greatest defender of classical republicanism. C) As a precursor to libertarian capitalism. D) As a thinker who contributed to modern historicism and the rejection of classical natural right.
A) Epistemology, as the theory of knowledge. B) Economics, as the study of production and consumption. C) Political philosophy, as it addresses the most important questions for human life. D) Physics, as the study of the natural world.
A) Reason can definitively prove revelation is false. B) They are competing and irreconcilable claims to truth, and the conflict is insoluble by human reason. C) Revelation provides the necessary foundations for reason to operate. D) They are identical and express the same truth in different languages. |